scholarly journals Rice Physiological Response with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculation into Soil under Reclaimed Water–Fresh Water Combined Irrigation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Hongfei Lu ◽  
Xuebin Qi ◽  
Shafeeq ur Rahman ◽  
Dongmei Qiao ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Root Colonisation ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Major Factors

The increasing soil salinity levels under reclaimed water irrigation have a negative effect on plant growth. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 under reclaimed water–fresh water combined irrigation. After transplanting (Day 1), rice was irrigated with clean water (tap water) for 10 days to facilitate rice root colonisation. Subsequently, rice was irrigated with reclaimed water for 50 days (Day 11 to 60), and then irrigated with clean water. B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae were mixed with clean water (tap water) and irrigated into soil at Day 61. B. subtilis (20 billion colony-forming units/g) and S. cerevisiae (20 billion colony-forming units/g) were mixed at the following proportions: 5 g and 0 (J1), 3.75 g and 1.25 g (J2), 2.5 g and 2.5 g (J3), 1.25 g and 3.75 g (J4), and 0 and 5 g (J5), respectively; rice treated with reclaimed water (CK) and clean water (J0) with no microorganisms applied were also used. We measured NO3--N and NH4+-N concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–25 cm layers; root activity; and malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in leaves at Day 71. B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae combination could promote rice physiological indices, and B. subtilis had a greater effect than S. cerevisiae. There are obvious differences in the physiological performance and soil N between 2018 and 2019 due to the EC of reclaimed water. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil NO3−-N and the mass of B. subtilis applied were major factors influencing leaf physiological indices. Five grams of B. subtilis is recommended to facilitate rice growth after irrigation with reclaimed water. Our research provides a new agronomic measure for the safe utilisation of reclaimed water.

Study of the current waveform effect on the formation of cathode deposits during direct electrolysis Part 1. Electrolysis of fresh water

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
И.В. Пчельников ◽  
Т.Т.З. Нгуен ◽  
Л.Н. Фесенко
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Direct Electrolysis

При электрохимической обработке хлоридсодержащих природных вод в бездиафрагменном электролизере образуются соли хлорноватистой кислоты, проявляющие окислительные свойства. Этот процесс широко используется для производства дезинфицирующих растворов на основе гипохлорита натрия. Сырьем для производства гипохлорита натрия могут быть не только искусственно приготовленные солевые растворы, но и природные минеральные воды, содержащие хлориды. Электролиз таких растворов приводит к образованию на катоде электролизера нерастворимых солей кальция и магния, что препятствует массообмену в межэлектродном пространстве, а также к возникновению аварийных ситуаций. В первой части статьи приведены результаты исследований прямого электролиза постоянным и реверсным током пресной воды г. Донгхой, Республика Вьетнам. В проведенных испытаниях определяли влияние реверсного тока в сравнении с постоянным током на снижение образования нерастворимых веществ на катодах электролизера. Эксперименты показали преимущество реверсного тока над постоянным. Так, при электролизе реверсным током продолжительностью периода до 6 часов масса отложений на электродах не увеличивалась, а на постоянном токе накапливалась с момента начала электролиза. Это связано с тем, что осадок, образующийся в катодный полупериод, растворяется в анодный полупериод кислотой – продуктом окисления воды. Выход хлора по току для водопроводной воды составил не более 23% с плотностью тока 100 А/м2. During the electrochemical processing of chloride-containing natural water in a membraneless electrolyzer, salts of hypochlorous acid are formed that are exhibiting oxidizing properties. This process is widely used for the production of sodium hypochlorite disinfectants. The raw material for the production of sodium hypochlorite can be not only artificially prepared saline solutions, but also natural mineral water containing chlorides. The electrolysis of such solutions results in the formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts at the cathode of the electrolyzer thus inhibiting mass transfer in the interelectrode space and the occurrence of emergency situations. The first part of the article presents the results of studies of direct electrolysis of fresh water with constant and reverse current in Dong Hoi city, Republic of Vietnam. In the conducted tests the effect of reverse current in comparison with direct current on the reduction of the formation of insoluble substances at the cathodes of the electrolyzer was determined. The experiments have shown the advantage of reverse current over direct current. So, during the electrolysis with reverse current for a period of up to 6 hours, the amount of deposits on the electrodes did not increase, however, with direct current the deposits accumulated from the very beginning of the electrolysis process. This is due to the fact that the precipitate formed during the cathodic half cycle is dissolved during the anodic half cycle by acid, a product of water oxidation. The current output of chlorine for tap water was no more than 23% with a current density of 100 A/m2.

Simultaneous water and electricity harvesting from low-grade heat by coupling membrane distiller and electrokinetic power generator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Huang ◽  
An He ◽  
Mengyu Miao ◽  
Junxian Pei ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Energy Stress ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Producing clean water and electricity from low-grade thermal energy has attracted escalating interest to alleviate fresh water and energy stress. Here, we present a novel hybrid system by coupling membrane...

Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Zhongqun He ◽  
Yongdong Xie ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Ruijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

Penjernihan Air Bersih dengan Filter Alami dan Aerasi di Teluk Bakung, Sungai Ambawang, Kubu Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mochamad Hilmy ◽  
Herry Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Service Activity

Fresh water is a vital requirement in human daily life. Teluk Bakung Village relies on fresh water supplies from the Ambawang River and wells made by the community. The condition of well water in Teluk Bakung Village tends to be the color of ground water which is influenced by the roots of trees, blackish brown and high iron content. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to carry out water filtration on gambut soil to improve the condition of fresh water sources at Al-Muhajirin Mosque in Mu'allaf village, Teluk Bakung Village, Sungai Ambawang District, Kubu Raya Regency, Kalimantan Barat as meeting the mosque's needs and the society. The method of applying IPTEKS is by transferring IPTEKS by improving the physical condition of the Al-Muhajirin Mosque building, the application of clean water filtration as well as training the local staffs for operations and maintenance as well as the plumbing network. It is expected that the addition of aeration system groundwater that has iron content will make it clearer than just filtration which has been carried out at that location.

scholarly journals A Study on the Comparison of Corrosion in Water Supply Pipes Due to Tap Water (TW) and Reclaimed Water (RW)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyundong Lee ◽  
Usman Rasheed ◽  
Myeongsik Kong
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water

scholarly journals Design of drinkable tap water system at X Apartment, Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Hariastuti Prameswari ◽  
Tazkiaturrizki ◽  
R Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Tank System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
System Water

This design aims to contrive a plumbing system X Apartment, Jakarta with a separate clean water and drinking water system. Water supply system that applied to this apartment is roof tank system. Fluctuations in the use of clean water are used to determine the capacity of reservoirs and pumps using the equivalent apartments such as The Bellagio Residence Apartment, Four Winds Apartment, Tamansari Sudirman Apartment, and Setiabudi Residence Apartment. Total demand for clean water for the 1st and 2nd tower is 315.8 m3/day and 39 m3/day for drinking water with 216 m3 of ground water tank capacity. Transfer pumps work for 12 hour/day and the capacity of clean water roof tank for the 1st and 2nd tower are 67.5 m3 while for drinking water roof tank are 7.2 m3. System that has been chosen used 2 stand pipes for both clean water, drinking water, and booster pumps in each tower. This design concluded that The investment cost of clean water and drinking water system and also the construction of X Apartment reservoirs is Rp. 2.393.889.860 and the cost of drinking water that can be saved by residents when using drinkable tap water system is Rp. 874.656 per m3.

Effect of Orthodontic Appliances on Oral Microbiota—6 Month Follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Topaloglu-Ak ◽  
Fahinur Ertugrul ◽  
Ece Eden ◽  
Mustafa Ates ◽  
Hakan Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Removable Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Short Time

Objective: This study investigates the effect of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances among children on salivary Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp. and Candida albicans. Study Design: The study was conducted on 69 patients aged between 6-17 years who used fixed or removable orthodontic appliances. Five ml samples of unstimulated saliva from each patient were collected at baseline and at the 1, 3 and 6 month periodic controls. Samples were diluted and plated on Mitis Salivarus Agar (MSA), Man Rogosa Sharp Agar (MRS) and Saboroud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The growths on the plates were examined under a stereomicroscope. Numbers of colony forming units (CFU) per plate were counted. For statistical analysis,the paired t test and Chi-Square were used. Results: S mutans and Lactobacillus sp counts increased significantly 6 months after the insertion of fixed/removable orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. A significant increase for C albicans presence was noted after 3 months compared with baseline for fixed appliances.Conclusion: Long-term utilization of orthodontic appliances may have a negative effect on microbial flora and increase the risk of new carious lesions and periodontal problems. Patients should be recalled within short time intervals to be motivated for oral hygiene during their orthodontic therapy.

scholarly journals Nacionalinis tapatumas ir globalizacija. Irano Islamabado ir Gilanegarbo miestų pagrindinių studijų studentų apklausa

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Javadi ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nationalism And Identity ◽  
Major Factors

Pastaraisiais metais plėtojantis modernizmui ir modernizacijai pastebima pasaulinių nacionalinio tapatumo pokyčių, kurie skatina nacionalizmo ir tapatybės tyrimus. Komunikacinės technologijos ir globalizacijos procesas gali turėti įtakos nacionaliniam tapatumui. Pagrindinis šio pranešimo tikslas – aprašyti ir ištirti tautinį tapatumą ir esminius su juo susijusius veiksnius. Šiam tikslui atskleisti taikomas tiriamasis apžvalgos metodas, pasirinkta apklausti Islamabado ir Gilanegharbo 165 studentus bakalaurus. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad nacionalinis tapatumas yra labai svarbus (jis vertinamas 3,92 skalėje nuo 0 iki 5), taip pat kaip svarbūs įvardijami ir kiti kintamieji, tokie kaip interneto aplinka, palydovinių ir palydoviniu būdu perduodamų programų žiūrėjimas, vaizdo filmų ir televizijos programų žiūrėjimas. Nustatyta, kad šie veiksniai turi neigiamą įtaką nacionaliniam tapatumui.Analizuojant kurdų pasisakymus matyti, kad nedidelė populiacija, etninės ypatybės, tradicijos kartais nulemia nacionalinio tapatumo silpnėjimą.National identity and globalization. A survey among undergraduate students in Islamabad and Gilanegharb cities (Iran)Alimohammad Javadi, Maryam Javadi SummaryIn the recent years, due to the expansion of modernism and modernization on a global scale, there have been developments at cultural and structural levels, resulting in a change in national identity and making the study of nationalism and identity become an important topic in social science. Communication technologies and globalization can affect national identity. The main goal of this article is to describe and analyse national identity and related major factors. For this purpose, a survey of a sample of 165 undergraduate students in the cities of Islamabad and Gilanegharb (Iran) in the education year 2007 was considered, (the population are Kurds in Islamabad and Gilanegharb, Kurds being an ethnicity in Iran). The results have indicated that the rate of national identity is high (mean = 3.92 of 0 to 5), and the variables at the use of sexual environment of the Internet, the rate of using satellite programs and their kinds, VCD and related programs have a negative effect on national identity, and the variables like satisfaction with work and facilities of welfare, intimacy with family, satisfaction with having facilities of welfare in the nation of Kurds have a positive effect on national identity. Ethnicity and the low size of population affect the decrease of national identity. In the multi-variable regression analysis, the effect of independent variables reached about 64%, and the variables that could be included as independent variables into the regression model are as follows: satisfaction with job in Iran, relationships with friends, ethnic intimacy with the family, the rate of the use of satellite, tradition and satisfaction with the facility of education.Key words: national identity, globalization, mass media, new media, ethnicitybsp;

scholarly journals Effects of Seawater on Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Concretes with Different Richness

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Ghazal ◽  
Mohammed Y. El-Sheikh ◽  
Ahmed H. Abd El-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Initial Setting

Water is one of the main constituents of concrete. Although many types of water exist, fresh water is the mostly used in concrete industry. Fresh water is expected to be in a great shortage by 2050 according to UN world water development report. Incorporating seawater in concrete mixture can help in the expected problem of scarcity of fresh water. Also, in many cases seawater may be the only available water especially in coastal regions. Many reports mention various possibilities of using seawater in concrete without detrimental effect on concrete properties. In this study another beneficial effect of seawater over tap water was concluded. Setting tests of cement paste mixed with seawater was determined using Vicat apparatus and compared to tap water. Compressive strength tests at the age of 28 days of Portland cement concretes with varied quantity of cement i.e. 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 kg, and mixed with seawater was also performed and compared to tap water. The results show that seawater affects standard consistency of cement paste and two percent increase was required in order to attain the same consistency as tap water. It shows also seawater slightly accelerates initial setting of cement but the effect is not so pronounced so as to cause a trouble in concrete and final setting time almost remains unaltered. Compressive strength tests show an increase in concrete strength mixed with seawater for all tested mixtures and depending on quantity of cement. It also shows a beneficial effect of seawater on compressive strength of rich concrete with quantity of cement 450 and 500 kg over tap water. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091695 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CONDENSER PERFORMANCE DESALINATION OF SOLAR ENERGY OF THE NATURAL VACUUM SYSTEM AT THE TIME OF LOW RADIATION INTENSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Eko Yohanes Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Main Component

Natural desalination device solar vacuum system has a main component of evaporator, condenser, and solar collector. The production of clean water from this appliance is strongly influenced by the performance of the condenser.On this research, condenser performance is performed when the intensity of solar radiation is low. The measurement data for 2 days when the sky is not bright is used to perform the condenser performance analysis. The result of analysis on the first day was found that the working energy of condensorsirippada was 141 J / day, while if without 29 J / day fins. So that the effectiveness of fins of 112 J / day. While on the second day found heat transfer using 122 J / day fins without fins 25 J / day to obtain fin effectiveness of 97 J / day. This is very influential on clean water production. The condensate rate on the 1st day is highest at 0.00018 kg / min, with an average of one day experiment 0.0001 kg / min, yielding fresh water of 0.8 Liter. On the 2nd day the highest condensate rate is 0.00019 kg / min with an average of condensate rate for one day 0.00011 kg / min, yielding fresh water of 0.81 Liter.

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