Classification of dental x-ray images

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.33915/etd.4258 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Usman Qureshi ◽

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

The Body ◽

Forensic Identification ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Curve Detection ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Mass Disasters

Forensic dentistry is concerned with identifying people based on their dental records. Forensic specialists have a large number of cases to investigate and hence, it has become important to automate forensic identification systems. The radiographs acquired after a person is deceased are called the Post-mortem (PM) radiographs, and the radiographs acquired while the person is alive are called the Ante-mortem (AM) radiographs. Dental biometrics automatically analyzes dental radiographs to identify the deceased individuals. While, ante mortem (AM) identification is usually possible through comparison of many biometric identifiers, postmortem (PM) identification is impossible using behavioral biometrics (e.g. speech, gait). Moreover, under severe circumstances, such as those encountered in mass disasters (e.g. airplane crashes and natural disasters such as Tsunami) most physiological biometrics may not be employed for identification, because of the decay of soft tissues of the body to unidentifiable states. Under such circumstances, the best candidates for postmortem biometric identification are the dental features because of their survivability and diversity.;In my work, I present two different techniques to classify periapical images as maxilla (upper jaw) or mandible (lower jaw) images and we show a third technique to classify dental bitewing images as horizontally flipped/rotated or horizontally un-flipped/un-rotated. In our first technique I present an algorithm to classify whether a given dental periapical image is of a maxilla (upper jaw) or a mandible (lower jaw) using texture analysis of the jaw bone. While the bone analysis method is manual, in our second technique, I propose an automated approach for the identification of dental periapical images using the crown curve detection Algorithm. The third proposed algorithm works in an automated manner for a large number of database comprised of dental bitewing images. Each dental bitewing image in the data base can be classified as a horizontally flipped or un-flipped image in a time efficient manner.

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An Anglo-Saxon Disc Brooch from Northamptonshire

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581500023982 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 53-56

Author(s):

Vera I. Evison

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Anglo Saxon ◽

Disc Diameter ◽

Thin Disc ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Upper Jaw

A small gilt-bronze disc brooch was found at Little Houghton, Northants., in 1957, a surface find on a Roman site, and was acquired by Northampton Museum (pl. xv b, fig. 1). It is a thin disc, diameter 2·5 cm., tapering at the border, with remains of pin holder and catch at the back and shallow pattern in relief on the front. The gilding has rubbed off the higher parts of the pattern, and has disappeared entirely in places where the brooch has been damaged and bent, possibly by fire. The ornament consists of two Style II animals, identical except for the shape of the jaw. They are S-shaped, turning round to bite their own backs; the body continues directly into the angle of a back leg which crosses the body and ends at the border in the rudiments of a foot; a front limb shoots forward to interlock with the hind curve of the other animal; the head is an eye framed by a right-angle; in one case the upper jaw passes below the body and the lower jaw is short and curves only slightly outwards; in the other the upper jaw again runs below the body, and the lower jaw swings round and seems to meet the upper jaw behind in a complete loop. There is damage at this point, however, and on analogous evidence it is quite likely that the lower jaw did not join the upper, but swept on independently.

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Jaws and radula of the Carboniferous ammonoid Cravenoceras

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000035228 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 703-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kazushige Tanabe ◽

Royal H. Mapes

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Phylogenetic Affinity ◽

Body Chamber ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Marginal Plates ◽

Buccal Space

A well-preserved mouth apparatus consisting of jaws and a radula was found in situ within the body chamber of the goniatite Cravenoceras fayettevillae Gordon, 1965 (Neoglyphiocerataceae: Cravenoceratidae), from the middle Chesterian (Upper Mississippian) of Arkansas. Both upper and lower jaws consist of a black material. The lower jaw is characterized by a widely opened larger outer lamella and a shorter inner lamella. The upper jaw is fragmental. The radula is preserved in the anterior portion of the buccal space and comprises a series of tooth elements. Each transverse tooth row consists of seven teeth (a rhachidian and pairs of two lateral and one marginal teeth), with a pair of marginal plates. This arrangement is typical of radulae of other ammonoids of Carboniferous to Cretaceous age, coleoids, and the orthoconic “nautiloid” Michelinoceras (Silurian, Michelinocerida), suggesting a phylogenetic affinity among them.

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Constitutional Features of the Maxillofacial Area of Omsk Young Men

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology ◽

10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-3-75-82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

I. N. Putalova ◽

D. A. Devyatirikov ◽

A. P. Suslo ◽

A. A. Slavnov ◽

A. E. Korepova

Keyword(s):

Inclination Angle ◽

Young Men ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Lateral Projection ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

The Face ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Base Of The Skull ◽

Frankfurt Horizontal

The aim was to determine the morphometric parameters of the maxillofacial area of Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age according to the teleroentgenography of the head (in a lateral projection), taking into account the indicators of cephalometry and anthropometry, to identify regional constitutional features of quantitative values.Material and methods. A cephalometric and somatometric examination of 26 Omsk Slavic young men of 18-20 years of age without concomitant pathology was performed, supplemented by an X-ray examination of the head (to obtain teleroentgenograms in a lateral projection). The analysis of teleroentgenograms was carried out in the online service Mave Cloud.Results. According to the results of anthropometry, the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the young men's heads, the zygomatic diameter and the full height of the face were assessed; the indicators of body growth, body weight, chest circumference and transverse chest diameter were determined. These indicators were used to calculate the indices. The value of the facial index was 81.86 (79.31; 88.88), the value of the head index was 76.65 (74.27; 79.47), the Rees-Eisenck index corresponded to 97.58 (94.62; 107.48), the Rohrer index was 13.34 (12.07; 15.48), the Pinier index was 11.1 (-10; 22), the Quetelet II index was 23.33 (22.03; 27.71). When analyzing teleroentgenograms, it was revealed that the values of some parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age differ from the values of the «norm». Thus, the indicators of the lower jaw length (Go-Gn), the ratio of the body of the lower jaw length to the length of the anterior base of the skull (Go-Me/S-N), the length of the posterior base of the skull (S-Ar), the height of the branch of the lower jaw (Ar-Go), the ratio of the heights of the face (S-Go/N-Me), the angle between the axis of the lower incisor and the plane of the lower jaw (IM IMPA) have greater values than the «norm»; and the figures of the angles sum according to Bjork (∠SUM Bjork), mandibular angle (∠Ar-Go-Me), maxillary angle (∠N-Go-Ar), upper jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-NL), lower jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-ML), intermaxillary angle (∠NL-ML), the angle between the lower jaw plane and the Frankfurt horizontal (∠FMA), have values less than the «norm». The values of the saddle angle (∠N-S-Ar) differed in young men with euryprosopic and leptoprosopic facial forms. The quantitative values of the lower jaw angle (ArGo-Me) and the upper jaw angle (N-Go-Ar) differed only in the representatives of the dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head.Conclusion. Quantitative values of cephalometric and somatometric parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age have distinctive features. Individual parameters of the maxillofacial area (according to teleroentgenograms) differ in persons with dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head and in the representatives of euryprosopic and leptoprosopic forms of the face.

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Classification of Human Weight Based on Image

IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) ◽

10.22146/ijccs.35794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Shofwatul 'Uyun ◽

Toni Efendi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

The Body ◽

Weight Category ◽

Ideal Body ◽

The Ideal

Classification of human weight can be determined by body mass index. The body mass index can be calculated by dividing the height by the square of the body weight. According to researchers, this is less practical, so it needs to make a tool that can be used to determine ideal body weight more practically. One way is to use an Android smartphone camera. The camera is used to capture the image of the human body. Then the image is processed by using digital image processing and by using certain algorithms, so it may conclude the person's ideal weight category. The data used in this study are human photos, body weight and height. There are four stages to determine the weight and height based on the image. First, performing an analysis of the calculation of the derived formulas. Second, analyzing the edge detection algorithm. Third, conducting unit convertion, and fourth, proposing several algorithms to calculate the height and weight used to determine the ideal body weight. The results of the evaluation show that Algorithm C (measuring the width of an object starting with the height of the image adjusting half of the height of the object in the image) is the best algorithm with deviation value of 1.85% of the height and 8.87% of the weight, while the system accuracy rate in determining the ideal body weight has reached 78.7%.

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II. Researches on the structure, organization, and classification of the fossil reptilia.—Part IX., section 5. On the skeleton new cynodontia from the karroo rocks

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B ) ◽

10.1098/rstb.1895.0002 ◽

1895 ◽

Vol 186 ◽

pp. 59-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Keyword(s):

Coronoid Process ◽

Malar Bone ◽

Minor Characters ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Small Bones ◽

First Time

This name was originally used, by Sir It. Owen, for the division of the Anomodontia, of which Galesaurus is the type. Subsequently, Theriodontia was defined, so as to be co-extensive with the older Cynodontia, both groups being based upon a type of dentition, which approximates to that of Carnivorous Mammalia. The name Theriodontia, hence, has some appearance of being a synonym of Cynodontia. The group Theriodontia, is obviously a larger group than the original Cynodontia, since its type, Lycosaurus , has simple pointed molar teeth, and it also includes Nythosaurus and Scaloposaurus , in which the molar teeth are laterally cuspidate. The Theriodontia include the Cynodontia, because the Cynodont genera were grouped in this way by Sir It. Owen, and, because there is no evidence of ordinal differences in the skull. The Cynodontia is conveniently distinguished from the Lycosauria by dental, and other minor characters of the skull; and I propose to use the name Cynodontia for animals which resemble Galesaurus in skull structure, and resemble Nythosaurus in the type of molar teeth. The crowns of the cheek teeth not being preserved in Galesaurus , I take Cynogathus , the genus now to be described, as the type of the group, which will be thus defined and limited. This genus makes known, for the first time, the more important parts of the Theriodont skeleton in association with the skull. The small bones of the limbs were not found in Cynognathus . Some account of bones of the extremities in other types of Theriodonts is given in other sections (2, 4, 6) of this paper, but in no case is there similar actual association of those bones and the skull. This sub-order of Therosuchian Anomodontia is defined as having incisor, canine, and laterally cuspidate molar teeth, of carnivorous type. The mandible fits within the upper jaw so as to give the teeth a dividing action, as in shears. The coronoid process of the lower jaw is formed by the dentary bone, and is strongly developed. There is no descending pedicle to the squamosal bone which, with the malar bone, forms a zygoma, placed as in Lemurs and Carnivora; and as in the extinct Mammal Elotherium .

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The dimension disparity of upper jaw centralist insisivus and the nose size between Batak and Sundanese and the correlation

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol24no2.26827 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rima Tea Kirana Sitepu ◽

Mochammad Rodian ◽

Djulaenahningsih Djulaenahningsih

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Human Organ ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Physical Form ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Mass Disasters ◽

Test Result ◽

Correlation Level ◽

Selection Of

Introduction: The disparity of tooth dimension and human organ between the race and the other one is determined by heredity. On the identification of dead victims of mass through the teeth have a high contribution in determining one’s identity. The study carried out to find out the dimension disparity of upper jaw centralist insisivus and the nose size between Batak and Sundanese and the correlation in a wide selection of programs in helping odontology forensic investigation of mass disasters. Methods: It is a comparative descriptive research. Total samples are 40, consisting of 20 Batak women (group 1) and 20 Sundanese women (group II) aged 18-30 years old. Result: The t-test result shows that p score of insisivus dimension is 11.21 and nose size of Batak and Sundanese about 0.000, 0.000, and 0.016. By correlation test of insisivus 11 and 21 with nose size of Batak, the correlation level is 0.851 and 0.925. The correlation test of insisivus 11 and 21 with the nose size of Sundanese, the correlation level is 0.947 and 0.949. Conclusion: There is a dimension disparity of upper jaw centralis insisivus and nose size between Batak and Sundanese and the correlation. It is in accordance with the statement that race shows the change of the human race because of the influence of the physical form of individuals, such as the shape and size of the teeth, which followed the growth in other parts of the body.

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Size of lower jaw as an early indicator of skeletal class III development

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0808589s ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 589-595

Author(s):

Zdenka Stojanovic ◽

Angelina Nikodijevic ◽

Bozidar Udovicic ◽

Jasmina Milic ◽

Predrag Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Cranial Base ◽

The Body ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Total Length ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Proportional Relation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Upper Jaw

Background/Aim. Malocclusion of skeletal class III is a complex abnormality, with a characteristic sagital position of the lower jaw in front of the upper one. A higher level of prognatism of the lower jaw in relation to the upper one can be the consequence of its excessive length. The aim of this study was to find the differences in the length of the lower jaw in the children with skeletal class III and the children with normal sagital interjaw relation (skeletal class I) in the period of mixed dentition. Methods. After clinical and x-ray diagnostics, profile tele-x-rays of the head were analyzed in 60 examinees with mixed dentition, aged from 6 to 12 years. The examinees were divided into two groups: group 1 - the children with skeletal class III and group 2 - the children with skeletal class I. The length of the lower jaw, upper jaw and cranial base were measured. The proportional relations between the lengths measured within each group were established and the level of difference in the lengths measured and their proportions between the groups were estimated. Results. No significant difference between the groups was found in the body length, ramus and the total length of the lower jaw. Proportional relation between the body length and the length of the lower jaw ramus and proportional relation between the forward cranial base and the lower jaw body were not significantly different. A significant difference was found in proportional relations of the total length of the lower jaw with the total lengths of cranial base and the upper jaw and proportional relation of the length of the lower and upper jaw body. Conclusion. Of all the analyzed parameters, the following were selected as the early indicators of the development of skeletal class III on the lower jaw: greater total length of the lower jaw, proportional to the total lengths of cranial base and the upper jaw, as well as greater length of the lower jaw body, proportional to the length of the upper jaw body. .

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Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

Zoosystematica Rossica ◽

10.31610/zsr/2011.20.1.161 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 161-173

Author(s):

A.P. Kassatkina

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Type Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Body ◽

New Order ◽

New Genera ◽

New Family ◽

The Family ◽

Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Disruption of the Posterior Tibial Tendon

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078700800307 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 144-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ian J. Alexander ◽

Kenneth A. Johnson ◽

Thomas H. Berquist

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

The Body ◽

Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a useful technique of studying soft tissues of the body, can be very effective in assessing the integrity of tendons. Usually a patient with a complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon has characteristic physical findings. In the patient presented, MRI demonstrated a complete disruption of the posterior tibial tendon, despite the absence of the commonly associated clinical findings. In view of the difficulties encountered with attempted tenography of the completely torn posterior tibial tendon, MRI provides a sensitive alternative diagnostic technique.

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