scholarly journals The Abrasion Behaviour of X40CrMoV5-1 Steel Under Various Surface Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
László Tóth ◽  
Tünde Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Nyikes ◽  
Mhatre Umesh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Plasma Nitridation ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Wear Tests

AbstractFor evolving a surface layer on the X40CrMoV5-1 steel, a plasma-nitridation and PVD coating process was applied. In our experiments, the samples were heat-treated (high-temperature hardening, annealed three times) and surface treatments (plasma-nitridation, PVD coating by TiAlN, duplex surface treating by plasma nitridation and after that, PVD coating TiAlN). After the heat treatments, we performed hardness tests and surface abrasion wear tests. The abrasion wear resistance of the specimens was studied in order to understand the heat treatment effects on abrasion behaviour. It was observed that the heat treatment and surface treatment process greatly influence the tool steel surface hardness and abrasion resistance behaviour. By plasma-nitridation the surface hardness doubled compared to the quenched surface hardness while the PVD coated TiAlN surface layer hardness is more than five times that of the hardened one. There was no relevant difference between the PVD coated (TiAlN) surface hardness and the duplex surface-treated hardness. On the basis of the results of the comparative abrasive wear tests, it can be concluded that the duplex surface treatment resulted in the greatest wear resistance..

scholarly journals Simulation of Neutron/Self-Emitted Gamma Attenuation and Effects of Silane Surface Treatment on Mechanical and Wear Resistance Properties of Sm2O3/UHMWPE Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3390
Author(s):  
Donruedee Toyen ◽  
Yupadee Paopun ◽  
Dararat Changjan ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Sithipong Mahathanabodee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Neutron Shielding ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Uhmwpe Composites

This work reports on the simulated neutron and self-emitted gamma attenuation of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites containing varying Sm2O3 contents in the range 0–50 wt.%, using a simulation code, namely MCNP-PHITS. The neutron energy investigated was 0.025 eV (thermal neutrons), and the gamma energies were 0.334, 0.712, and 0.737 MeV. The results indicated that the abilities to attenuate thermal neutrons and gamma rays were noticeably enhanced with the addition of Sm2O3, as seen by the increases in µm and µ, and the decrease in HVL. By comparing the simulated neutron-shielding results from this work with those from a commercial 5%-borated PE, the recommended Sm2O3 content that attenuated thermal neutrons with equal efficiency to the commercial product was 11–13 wt.%. Furthermore, to practically improve surface compatibility between Sm2O3 and the UHMWPE matrix and, subsequently, the overall wear/mechanical properties of the composites, a silane coupling agent (KBE903) was used to treat the surfaces of Sm2O3 particles prior to the preparation of the Sm2O3/UHMWPE composites. The experimental results showed that the treatment of Sm2O3 particles with 5–10 pph KBE903 led to greater enhancements in the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the 25 wt.% Sm2O3/UHMWPE composites, evidenced by lower specific wear rates and lower coefficients of friction, as well as higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and surface hardness, compared to those without surface treatment and those treated with 20 pph KBE903. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that the addition of Sm2O3 in the UHMWPE composites enhanced abilities to attenuate not only thermal neutrons but also gamma rays emitted after the neutron absorption by Sm, while the silane surface treatment of Sm2O3, using KBE903, considerably improved the processability, wear resistance, and strength of the composites.

Improved Wear Resistance of AISI 304L by Cladding Boride Layers Using the GTAW Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 966-967 ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Ching Lin ◽  
Jia Bin Bai ◽  
Jiun Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Gtaw Process ◽  
Wear Tests

The austenitic stainless steel (SS) of AISI 304L is widely used in industrial applications because of its superior anti-corrosion resistance. However, the material suffers from a lower hardness, thus reducing wear resistance. In this study, AISI 304L was clad with tungsten boride (WB) ceramic powder using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to increase surface hardness and improve wear resistance. The microstructure of the cladding layer was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The hardness distribution of the cladding layer was measured using a micro-Vickers hardness tester. Wear tests were conducted with a pin-on-disc tribometer at the ambient condition, while simultaneously monitoring friction coefficient variation. Surface frictional temperature was recorded with K-type thermocouples during wear tests. The worn morphology of the tested specimens was observed by SEM to identify wear characteristics. The results show that WB cladding successfully increased the hardness and the wear resistance of AISI 304L. Keywords: GTAW, WB, wear resistance, microstructure

THE INFLUENCE OF BORON IN THE SURFACE LAYER ON THE STRUCTURE AND THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON ALLOYS

Tribologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pertek-Owsianna ◽  
Karolina Wiśniewska-Mleczko ◽  
Adam Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Iron Alloys ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Steel Core

This paper presents two methods of introducing boron into the surface layer of iron alloys, namely diffusion boronizing by means of the powder method and laser alloying with a TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 gas laser. Amorphous boron was used as the chemical element source. As regards diffusion drilling, the influence of temperature and time on the properties of the layer was tested. During the laser alloying, the influence of the thickness of the boriding paste layer as well as the power and laser beam scanning velocity was determined. How the carbon content in steel and alloying elements in the form of chromium and boron influence the structure of the surface layer was tested. To achieve this object, the following grades of steel were used: C45, C90, 41Cr4, 102Cr6, and HARDOX boron steel. The microhardness and wear resistance of the obtained boron-containing surface layers were tested. A Metaval Carl Zeiss Jena light microscope and a Tescan VEGA 5135 scanning electron microscope, a Zwick 3212B microhardness tester, and an Amsler tribotester were used for the tests. The structure of the diffusion- borided layer consists of the needle-like zone of FeB + Fe2B iron borides about 0.15 mm thick, with a good adhesion to the substrate of the steel subjected to hardening and tempering after the boriding process. After the laser alloying, the structure shows paths with dimensions within: width up to 0.60 mm, depth up to 0.35 mm, containing a melted zone with a eutectic mixture of iron borides and martensite, a heat affected zone with a martensitic-bainitic structure and a steel core. The microhardness of both diffusionborided and laser-borided layers falls within the range of 1000 – 1900 HV0.1, depending on the parameters of the processes. It has been shown that, apart from the structure and thickness of the layer containing boron and microhardness, the frictional wear resistance depends on the state of the steel substrate, i.e. its chemical composition and heat treatment. The results of testing iron alloys in the borided state were compared with those obtained only after the heat treatment.

Effect of carbides on the wear resistance of white cast iron alloyed with 12.7 wt.-% Cr and nickel

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-792
Author(s):  
Tanju Teker ◽  
S. Osman Yilmaz ◽  
Tekirdağ Teker
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Carbide Size ◽  
Wear Tests

Abstract White cast iron with about 12.7 wt.-% chromium was alloyed with Ni, W and Mo for heat treatment applications. Heat treatments were performed at a range of 850-1050 °C for 1 h in order to distribute M7C3 carbides homogeneously in an environment of high wear resistance. The contents of the C, Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn and Si elements selected for the alloys were similar, though a 6 wt.-% nickel concentration was chosen. Microstructural changes in the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). Macro-hardness, average carbide size and volume fraction were analyzed. Wear tests were carried out under different loads of 10, 20 and 30 N. It was seen that heat treatment changed the carbide size and homogeneous distribution of the carbides. Moreover, the addition of nickel to HCrWCI increased fracture toughness and reduced the wear rate.

Study of wear resistance of plasma coatings from a mixture of CuSn/CrxCy alloys

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
A.E. Balanovsky ◽  
N.A. Astafeva ◽  
A.G. Tikhonov ◽  
Nguyen Van Trieu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Chromium Carbide ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Alloyed Surface ◽  
Plasma Coatings ◽  
Wear Tests

There is studied the wear resistance of coatings obtained by plasma heating of the mixture based on tin-bronze and chromium carbide. Measurement of the microhardness of the cross-section of the coatings showed that the thickness of the coating layer strongly affects the formation of the alloyed surface layer, and the addition of chromium carbide strongly leads to stronger hardening. Wear tests have shown that alloying with bronze provides the ability to improve the surface of the steel, and the CuSn + CrxCy type coating has the highest wear resistance.

Laser alloying of 316L steel with boron and nickel

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (84) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
D. Mikołajczak ◽  
M. Kulka ◽  
N. Makuch ◽  
P. Dziarski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
316L Steel

Purpose: The aim of the study was to improve the hardness and tribological properties of austenitic 316L steel by laser alloying with boron and nickel. Design/methodology/approach: The relatively low wear resistance of austenitic 316L steel could be improved by an adequate surface treatment. Laser alloying was developed as an alternative for time- and energy-consuming thermo-chemical treatment, e.g. diffusion boriding. In the present study, laser alloying of 316L steel with boron and nickel was carried out as the two-stage process. Firstly, the outer surface of the sample was coated with the paste, consisting of the mixture of boron and nickel powders, blended with a diluted polyvinyl alcohol solution. Second stage consisted in laser re-melting of the paste coating together with the base material. Laser treatment was carried out with the use of the TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. The multiple laser tracks were formed on the surface. The microstructure was observed with the use of an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 5135. The phase analysis was carried out by PANalytical EMPYREAN X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. Hardness profile was determined along the axis of laser track. Wear resistance was studied using MBT-01 tester. Findings: The use of the adequate laser processing parameters (laser beam power, scanning rate, overlapping) caused that free of cracks and gas pores and the uniform laseralloyed layer in respect of the thickness was produced. In the microstructure, only two zones were observed: laser re-melted zone (MZ) and the substrate. There were no effects of heat treatment below MZ. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) was invisible because the austenitic steel could not be hardened by typical heat treatment (austenitizing and quenching). The produced laser-alloyed layer was characterized by improved hardness and wear resistance compared to the base material. Research limitations/implications: The application of proposed surface treatment in industry will require the appropriate corrosion resistance. In the future research, the corrosion behaviour of the produced layer should be examined and compared to the behaviour of 316L steel without surface layer. Practical implications: The proposed layer could be applied in order to improve the hardness and tribological properties of austenitic steels. Originality/value: This work is related to the new conception of surface treatment of austenitic steels, consisting in laser alloying with boron and some metallic elements.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Increasing the Wear Resistance of Steel Chain Wheels as a Result of Changes in their Manufacturing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Andrzej N. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Made In

The paper describes the problems of the operation of chain wheels of armoured face conveyors and the related assurance of the required wear resistance. An analysis of the current methods of manufacturing the chain wheels used in armoured face conveyors has also been performed. It has been found that a dynamic surface treatment can be used in the process of manufacture of these elements. As a part of the study, the results of wear tests for the standard and modernized variants of chain barrels have been presented, which confirmed the validity of the changes made in the process.

Change in Surface Hardness of BisGMA/TEGDMA Polymer due to Enzymatic Action

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1851-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Larsen ◽  
M. Freund ◽  
E.C. Munksgaard
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

The surface microhardness of specimens made of a BisGMA/ TEGDMA polymer was measured before and during treatment for 60 days with phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered esterase solution with an activity corresponding to the mean hydrolase activity of human saliva. The hardness of the buffer-treated specimens was unchanged during the incubation period, while that of the esterase-treated specimens decreased gradually. After about five days of treatment, no further change in hardness was observed for up to 60 days. Based on the difference in the calculated hardness of the specimens as a function of the applied load during measurement, it was estimated that the mean microhardness of the outermost surface layer of the esterase-treated specimens was diminished by about 15%, compared with that of the buffer-treated specimens. From these results, it was concluded that the wear resistance of a BisGMA/TEGDMA polymer is most likely diminished by hydrolases in saliva.

Corrosion Behavior of Various Surface Treatments Ti-6Al-4V Alloy - A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusliza Yusuf ◽  
Nooririnah Binti Omar ◽  
Muhamad Azwar Azhari ◽  
Md Ashadi Bin Md Johari
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Resistance Property ◽  
Corrosion Resistance Property

A Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been widely used as suitable materials for several of application such as aerospace, marine and biomedical application. Although this alloy is excellent in its properties and good corrosion resistance, the applications are limited because of their poor tribological property referring to the wear resistance property due to their low surface hardness. Therefore, it is inevitable to improve the wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V without detrimental the initial corrosion resistance properties even increasing it for better result. Over the years, various methods of surface treatments for Ti-6Al-4V have been studied and most frequently used are laser treatment, plasma nitriding process, PVD coating and also duplex coating. For each of the surface treatment discussed, several type of corrosion behavior have been studied with the conclusion is comparable to each other. In general, throughout these techniques, the wear resistance property of Ti-6Al-4V was improved and simultaneously improving the corrosion resistance property.

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