THE INFLUENCE OF BORON IN THE SURFACE LAYER ON THE STRUCTURE AND THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON ALLOYS

Tribologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pertek-Owsianna ◽  
Karolina Wiśniewska-Mleczko ◽  
Adam Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Iron Alloys ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Steel Core

This paper presents two methods of introducing boron into the surface layer of iron alloys, namely diffusion boronizing by means of the powder method and laser alloying with a TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 gas laser. Amorphous boron was used as the chemical element source. As regards diffusion drilling, the influence of temperature and time on the properties of the layer was tested. During the laser alloying, the influence of the thickness of the boriding paste layer as well as the power and laser beam scanning velocity was determined. How the carbon content in steel and alloying elements in the form of chromium and boron influence the structure of the surface layer was tested. To achieve this object, the following grades of steel were used: C45, C90, 41Cr4, 102Cr6, and HARDOX boron steel. The microhardness and wear resistance of the obtained boron-containing surface layers were tested. A Metaval Carl Zeiss Jena light microscope and a Tescan VEGA 5135 scanning electron microscope, a Zwick 3212B microhardness tester, and an Amsler tribotester were used for the tests. The structure of the diffusion- borided layer consists of the needle-like zone of FeB + Fe2B iron borides about 0.15 mm thick, with a good adhesion to the substrate of the steel subjected to hardening and tempering after the boriding process. After the laser alloying, the structure shows paths with dimensions within: width up to 0.60 mm, depth up to 0.35 mm, containing a melted zone with a eutectic mixture of iron borides and martensite, a heat affected zone with a martensitic-bainitic structure and a steel core. The microhardness of both diffusionborided and laser-borided layers falls within the range of 1000 – 1900 HV0.1, depending on the parameters of the processes. It has been shown that, apart from the structure and thickness of the layer containing boron and microhardness, the frictional wear resistance depends on the state of the steel substrate, i.e. its chemical composition and heat treatment. The results of testing iron alloys in the borided state were compared with those obtained only after the heat treatment.

Fabrication of SiC Particulates Reinforced MoSi2 Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 304-307
Author(s):  
Sen Yang ◽  
Ming Run Wang ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Wen Jin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Laser Output Power ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Sic Particulates ◽  
Metallurgical Bond ◽  
Improve Wear Resistance

In order to improve wear resistance of carbon steel, laser cladding experiments were carried out using a 3kW continuous wave CO2 laser. The diameter of the laser beam was 3-5mm, the scanning velocity was 3-10mm/s, and the laser output power was 1.0-1.3kW. The experimental results showed that MoSi2/SiCP composites coating could be in-situ synthesized from mixture powders of molybdenum, silicon and SiC by laser cladding. A good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate could be achieved. The microstructures of the coating were mainly composed of MoSi2, SiC and FeSiMo phases. The average microhardness of the coating was about HV0.21300, about 6.0 times larger than that of steel substrate.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE LASER-TREATED COATINGS ON 45 STEEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 1350048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Hu ◽  
Yajiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intensity Transfer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Effect of the tempering on the microstructures and tribological properties of the laser alloying coatings is investigated. Laser alloying of the T - Co 50/ TiC mixed powders on a 45 steel substrate can form a hard composite coating, which increased the micro-hardness and wear resistance of the substrate greatly. Such laser alloying coating was investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Experimental results indicate that the tempering is able to remove the accumulation of the residual stress in a certain extent, improving the plastic and toughness properties of such coating; moreover, tempering also improves greatly the formation mechanism, making the coating have enough ability of the intensity transfer, which is beneficial in preventing the crack propagation of the interface in such coating, leading to an improvement of the wear resistance.

scholarly journals Multi-cycle of AISI 5135 steel modification by irradiation of the “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(AISI 5135 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
N N Koval ◽  
Yu F Ivanov ◽  
V V Shugurov ◽  
A D Teresov ◽  
E A Petrikova
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pulsed Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Steel Aisi

Abstract Steel AISI 5135 surface layer modification carried out by high-cycle high-speed melting of the “film (Si + Nb)/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam with an impact area of several square centimeters, have been implemented in a single vacuum cycle on the “COMPLEX” setup. The regime of the system “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam (20 J/cm2, 200 μs, 3 pulses, 3 cycles) which makes it possible to form a surface layer with high thermal stability have been revealed. This layer is characterized by high hardness, more than 3 times higher than the hardness of AISI 5135 steel in the original (ferrite-pearlite structure) and wear resistance, more than 90 times higher than the wear resistance of the initial AISI 5135 steel. It is shown that the high strength and tribological properties of steel are due to the formation of the hardening phase particles (niobium silicide of Nb5Si3 composition).

Laser alloying of 316L steel with boron and nickel

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (84) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
D. Mikołajczak ◽  
M. Kulka ◽  
N. Makuch ◽  
P. Dziarski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
316L Steel

Purpose: The aim of the study was to improve the hardness and tribological properties of austenitic 316L steel by laser alloying with boron and nickel. Design/methodology/approach: The relatively low wear resistance of austenitic 316L steel could be improved by an adequate surface treatment. Laser alloying was developed as an alternative for time- and energy-consuming thermo-chemical treatment, e.g. diffusion boriding. In the present study, laser alloying of 316L steel with boron and nickel was carried out as the two-stage process. Firstly, the outer surface of the sample was coated with the paste, consisting of the mixture of boron and nickel powders, blended with a diluted polyvinyl alcohol solution. Second stage consisted in laser re-melting of the paste coating together with the base material. Laser treatment was carried out with the use of the TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. The multiple laser tracks were formed on the surface. The microstructure was observed with the use of an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 5135. The phase analysis was carried out by PANalytical EMPYREAN X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. Hardness profile was determined along the axis of laser track. Wear resistance was studied using MBT-01 tester. Findings: The use of the adequate laser processing parameters (laser beam power, scanning rate, overlapping) caused that free of cracks and gas pores and the uniform laseralloyed layer in respect of the thickness was produced. In the microstructure, only two zones were observed: laser re-melted zone (MZ) and the substrate. There were no effects of heat treatment below MZ. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) was invisible because the austenitic steel could not be hardened by typical heat treatment (austenitizing and quenching). The produced laser-alloyed layer was characterized by improved hardness and wear resistance compared to the base material. Research limitations/implications: The application of proposed surface treatment in industry will require the appropriate corrosion resistance. In the future research, the corrosion behaviour of the produced layer should be examined and compared to the behaviour of 316L steel without surface layer. Practical implications: The proposed layer could be applied in order to improve the hardness and tribological properties of austenitic steels. Originality/value: This work is related to the new conception of surface treatment of austenitic steels, consisting in laser alloying with boron and some metallic elements.

Wear and Corrosion Properties of Crystalline Ni-W Alloy Coatings Prepared by Electrodeposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Xing Run Ren ◽  
Xue Hui Zhang ◽  
Jin Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Corrosion Behaviors

Electroplating Ni-W coatings have been prepared on medium carbon steel substrate by using nickel sulphate and sodium tungstate as precursors. The microstructures, phase compositions and performances of the as-prepared coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, AFM, XRD, microhardness tester and wear tester, respectively. The surface morphologies after wearing were observed and the wear mechanism was discussed. The corrosion behaviors of the coatings before and after heat-treatments were evaluated by anodic polarization in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The results show that no obvious flaws could be found in the Ni-W alloy coatings and there was a good bond with the matrix. The microhardness of the coatings increased with increasing heat treatment temperature, reaching its maximum value for heat treatment at 500°C, and then droped down. Wear resistance of the coatings was found to be better than that of 16 Mn steel and the heat treatment improved the hardness and wear resistance. The corrosion resistance of the heat-treated coatings increased with increasing the annealing temperature, and best corrosion resistance could be obtained at the temperature of 500°C.

Comparison of Various Electroless Nickel Coatings on Steel: Structure, Hardness and Abrasion Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Vitry ◽  
Adeline Sens ◽  
Fabienne Delaunois
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Scratch Testing ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nickel Deposits ◽  
Heat Treated Condition

Several electroless nickel deposits, on steel substrate, of varying chemistry were investigated in the as-plated and heat-treated condition: 3 nickel-phosphorous (low, mid and high P) and 2 nickel-boron (nickel-boron (lead) and nickel-boron (thallium)). Samples were characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. They were then submitted to Knoops microhardness testing and Taber abrasion tests, with abrasive CS-10 wheels, as well as scratch testing to investigate their mechanical properties and wear resistance. Hardness and wear resistance of all deposits were improved by heat treatment, but the best candidate was the Nickel-boron (lead), with a hardness over 1100 hk50 after heat treatment and a Taber Wear Index of 6. Scratch testing allowed identifying the damage mechanisms of the coated systems.

scholarly journals The Abrasion Behaviour of X40CrMoV5-1 Steel Under Various Surface Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
László Tóth ◽  
Tünde Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Nyikes ◽  
Mhatre Umesh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Plasma Nitridation ◽  
Pvd Coating ◽  
Abrasion Wear ◽  
Wear Tests

AbstractFor evolving a surface layer on the X40CrMoV5-1 steel, a plasma-nitridation and PVD coating process was applied. In our experiments, the samples were heat-treated (high-temperature hardening, annealed three times) and surface treatments (plasma-nitridation, PVD coating by TiAlN, duplex surface treating by plasma nitridation and after that, PVD coating TiAlN). After the heat treatments, we performed hardness tests and surface abrasion wear tests. The abrasion wear resistance of the specimens was studied in order to understand the heat treatment effects on abrasion behaviour. It was observed that the heat treatment and surface treatment process greatly influence the tool steel surface hardness and abrasion resistance behaviour. By plasma-nitridation the surface hardness doubled compared to the quenched surface hardness while the PVD coated TiAlN surface layer hardness is more than five times that of the hardened one. There was no relevant difference between the PVD coated (TiAlN) surface hardness and the duplex surface-treated hardness. On the basis of the results of the comparative abrasive wear tests, it can be concluded that the duplex surface treatment resulted in the greatest wear resistance..

scholarly journals Microstructure, Microhardness, Corrosion and Wear Resistance of B, Si and B-Si Coatings Produced on C45 Steel Using Laser Processing

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bartkowski ◽  
Aneta Bartkowska ◽  
Mikołaj Popławski ◽  
Damian Przestacki
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Melted Zone ◽  
High Microhardness ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Better Than

The paper presents the results of the microstructure investigation, phase and chemical composition, microhardness as well as corrosion and wear resistance tests of B-Si coatings produced on C45 steel. In this study, boron and silicon were added to the surface of steel using the laser alloying process. The main purpose of the study was to check whether the use of silicon, boron or a mixture of these chemical elements would improve the mechanical properties of the surface. Boron and silicon, as well as its mixture, were prepared in various proportions and subsequently were applied on steel substrate in the form of pre-coat (paste) of 80 µm thick. All pre-coats were processed by a laser beam and the obtained microstructures were analyzed and compared. Laser alloying processes were carried out using device equipped with a CO2 laser. After laser alloying, the microstructure consisted of a melted zone, heat affected zone and unchanged steel substrate. The newly created B-Si coatings were characterized by properties better than the case of boron and silicon coatings, with particularly high microhardness in the range from 1430 HV to 1870 HV, as well as high corrosion and wear resistance.

scholarly journals Selected properties of Vanadis 8 tool steel after grinding and hard turning

Mechanik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 864-866
Author(s):  
Daniel Toboła ◽  
Jolanta Cyboroń ◽  
Aneta Łętocha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Gas Quenching ◽  
Vacuum Furnaces ◽  
Steel Heat

Two mechanical processes of surface layer (SL) modification were performed on Vanadis 8 tool steel: grinding (G) and hard turning (HT). This steel is classified as powder metallurgy (P/M) high-alloyed tool steel. Heat treatment was carried out in vacuum furnaces with gas quenching until hardness of 64 ±1 HRC was achieved. Surface geometrical structures (SGS), microstructures, residual stress levels and wear resistance of SL resulting in these processes were compared.

CYCLOPS SCK

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Minimum Distortion

Abstract CYCLOPS SCK is a cold-work tool steel with a balanced composition to provide air hardening and an optimum combination of toughness, wear resistance and minimum distortion during heat treatment. Typical applications are shear blades, trimming dies and forming rolls, including grade rolls for cutlery and flatware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-346. Producer or source: Cyclops Corporation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document