The structure and prevalence of superficial carious and non-carious lesions of permanent and deciduous enamel in children who presented for routine dental care in various districts of St. Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
N. E. Abramova ◽  
A. V. Silin
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Total Prevalence

Relevance. To increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment protocols, it is above all necessary to consider the activity of caries, especially at the early enamel lesion stage, in the form of a white spot, to make the correct diagnosis based on a clinical examination, which assesses the location, change in surface hardness, symmetry, contour shape, depth, color and opacity of the lesion. Different causes of superficial enamel discoloration, in the form of white spots, are paramount for the restorative treatment as the quality of the enamel preparation affects the marginal fit and the durability of the restoration. However, poor oral hygiene, disturbance in eating behavior affect the course of non-carious hard-tissue diseases, which caries may complicate. Purpose – to optimize the diagnosis of initial dental enamel lesions to improve the caries prevention quality.Materials and methods. The study examined 460 children living in the Central and Krasnoselsky districts of St. Petersburg. The following indices assessed hard tissue condition: OHI-S, Greene and Vermillion; OHI by O'Leary T., Drake R., Naylor; White spot lesions index, Gorelick L, Geiger A. M, Gwinnett A. J., DMFT and df; caries activity.Results. The total prevalence of superficial (initial) lesions of hard tissues was 37.82%, i.e. 174 people out of 460 examined patients had superficial enamel lesions according to the criteria of I and II categories. The study found enamel changes in the age groups: 5-6 years (130) – 36 people (27.69%); 12 years old (175) – 62 people (35.42%); 15 years old (155) – 76 people (49.03%).Conclusions. Focusing on the caries activity signs rather than a precise differential diagnosis of the lesion nature is necessary to provide well-timed treatment and prevention upon detecting initial enamel lesion at a dental check-up.

scholarly journals Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: the use of Digital Smile Design (DSD) in the Esthetic and Functional Recovery of Teeth

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Suelem Chasse Barreto ◽  
Victor Vinícius Barros Soares ◽  
Aline de Almeida Neves ◽  
Denise Fernandes Lopes Nascimento ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Case Planning ◽  
Simulation And Evaluation ◽  
And Function

Hypomineralized incisor molar syndrome (MIH) results from the action of various etiological factors during the enamel apposition and mineralization stages during dental development. Clinically, it results in changes in the shape, color and contour of the affected teeth, which compromises aesthetics and function. Through a clinical case, this study aimed to report the planning, with the aid of digital smile design (DSD), and the restorative treatment, with ceramic laminate ceramic veneers, of anterior teeth affected by MIH. To provide personalized treatment to the patient's needs and expectations, the use of DSD in case planning to a correct diagnosis, simulation and evaluation of aesthetic rehabilitation. It also favored communication between the patient and the multidisciplinary dental team, and this with the laboratory technician.   Keywords: Dental Enamel Hypoplasia. Dental Porcelain. Esthetics, Dental.   Resumo A síndrome do molar incisivo hipomineralizado (MIH), é resultante da ação de vários fatores etiológicos durante os estágios de aposição e mineralização do esmalte, durante o desenvolvimento dental. Clinicamente, resulta em alterações na forma, cor e contorno dos dentes afetados, o que compromete a estética e função. Através de um caso clínico, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o planejamento, com auxílio do desenho digital do sorriso (DSD), e o tratamento restaurador, com facetas de cerâmicas de dentes anteriores afetados por MIH. Para proporcionar um tratamento personalizado às necessidades e expectativas da paciente, o DSD foi utilizado no planejamento do caso para o correto diagnóstico, simulação e avaliação da reabilitação estética. Também favoreceu a comunicação entre a paciente e a equipe odontológica multidisciplinar, e desta com o técnico de laboratório. Palavras-chave: Hipoplasia do Esmalte Dentário. Porcelana Dentária. Estética Dentária

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

scholarly journals Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110328
Author(s):  
Tobias Albrecht ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Mark Praetorius
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
The Face

Objective Otologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult-to-teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training. Study Design Face and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial. Setting Training for medical students at a tertiary referral center. Method The questionnaire used a 6-point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded. Results The realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P < .0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator. Conclusion In this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high-fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.

Prevalence of non-pathogenic types of gastrointestinal protozoa in population in Slovakia and their potential importance in the aspect of public health

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriána Dudlová ◽  
Pavol Jarčuška ◽  
Silvia Jurišová ◽  
Zuzana Vasilková ◽  
Vladimír Krčméry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of non-pathogenic protozoa circulating in the human population of Slovakia. We particularly focused on the socially deprived areas with poor sanitation conditions, as they are one of the factors affecting the transmission of these infections. Within this study, 2760 people were coprologically screened for the presence of protozoan cysts. The analyzed group comprised 1173 men and 1587 women from different regions of Slovakia. The total prevalence (2.03%) of non-pathogenic protozoa species was determined. The prevalence of Entamoeba coli was 0.80%, the prevalence of Endolimax nana 0.58%, and the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis was 0.65%. The presence of non-pathogenic protozoa was more frequent in women than that in men, in all age groups. The highest incidence of Entamoeba coli was found in children aged one month – seven years (0.79%), the lowest in the age group of 19–88 years (0.66%). Endolimax nana was most frequent in 8–18 year-olds (0.95%), where the statistical significance was found (p<0.05). The prevalence of Blastocystis hominis by the age group ranged from 0.39 to 0.95%. We did not find any statistical significance (p>0.05) for Entamoeba coli, and similarly for Blastocystis hominis associated with the sex and age. Although the circulation of non-pathogenic protozoa in the human population is far from being limited to the developing countries, their occurrence is also frequent in the population of developed countries. Despite their controversial pathogenicity, they should not be neglected, particularly in the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF CARIES OF PERMANENT TEETH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGREE OF ITS ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS STUDYING IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
L.F. Kaskova ◽  
V.M. Batig ◽  
I.I. Drozda ◽  
Y.Kh. Kilmukhametova
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Dental Diseases

In recent years, there has been noted a tendency to deterioration of dental health in children and teenagers. Therefore, it is important to study the dental status of children who attend different educational establishments to identify risk factors for dental diseases and develop means of their elimination. The survey of adolescents studying in various educational institutions (school, college, university) in Chernivtsi was conducted according to the generally accepted method. The study of the prevalence (%) and intensity of caries (CPV of teeth) was taking into account the degree of caries activity in each age period: compensated (1st), subcompensated (2nd), decompensated (3rd). A total of 107 schoolchildren, 317 college students, and 116 university students were surveyed. Adolescents are 15 to 18 years old. To conduct the study, the average rates of caries in each age group were calculated to determine the degree of caries activity in each age period, taking into account the area where adolescents live. The following indicators were obtained for the Chernivtsi region: – 15 years: compensated form – up to 4 caries-affected teeth, subcompensated – 5-7, decompensated – 8 or over; – 16 years: compensated – up to 5, subcompensated – 6-8, decompensated – 9 or over; – 17 years: compensated – up to 7, subcompensated – 8-10, decompensated – 11 or over; – 18 years: compensated – up to 8, subcompensated – 9-11, decompensated 12, or over. Our research showed that college students in all studied age periods (15, 16, 17, and 18 years) had worse results than teenagers in the comparison groups (schoolchildren of 15-16 years, university students of 17-18 years). About 62% of all examined teenagers had the first degree of caries activity, 19.5% had the 2nd, and 18.5% had the 3rd degree of caries. Teenagers enrolled in college were divided according to the degree of caries activity: in the 1st degree – 36.3%, 2nd – 32.2%, 3rd – 31.5%, at school: 1st degree – 100%, at university: 1st degree – 97.4%, 2nd – 2.6%. At the age of 18, the number of college students who have a decompensated degree of caries activity increases to 36.6% due to a decrease in the number in the group with a subcompensated degree. University students in 100% of cases had a compensated degree of caries activity. Caries intensity rates in each age group are lower in schoolchildren than in college students and are the lowest in university students. In teenagers with the first degree of caries activity, the highest rate of caries intensity was observed in college (15-18 year adolescents), and the lowest – at school (15-16 years). University students, despite being 17-18 years old, had lower rates than college teens. All students had the first degree of caries activity. When comparing the rate of caries intensity in the studied 15 year-olds with the compensated degree of caries activity, it was found that in schoolchildren it is 1.7 times lower than in college students, in 16 year-olds – 1.5 times. At the age of 17 and 18 – 1.7 times, compared to university students. Thus, our research showed that college students of all studied age groups had worse indices than teenagers in the comparison groups. They have a more severe course of caries. The results suggest that further studies into the causes of caries in college students need to be conducted.

scholarly journals A New Sugarcane Cystatin Strongly Binds to Dental Enamel and Reduces Erosion

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Santiago ◽  
Z.N. Khan ◽  
M.C. Miguel ◽  
C.C. Gironda ◽  
A. Soares-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Reversible Inhibitors ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Acquired Enamel Pellicle

Cystatin B was recently identified as an acid-resistant protein in acquired enamel pellicle; it could therefore be included in oral products to protect against caries and erosion. However, human recombinant cystatin is very expensive, and alternatives to its use are necessary. Phytocystatins are reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are found naturally in plants. In plants, they have several biological and physiological functions, such as the regulation of endogenous processes, defense against pathogens, and response to abiotic stress. Previous studies performed by our research group have reported high inhibitory activity and potential agricultural and medical applications of several sugarcane cystatins, including CaneCPI-1, CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3, and CaneCPI-4. In the present study, we report the characterization of a novel sugarcane cystatin, named CaneCPI-5. This cystatin was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli, and inhibitory assays demonstrated that it was a potent inhibitor of human cathepsins B, K, and L ( Ki = 6.87, 0.49, and 0.34 nM, respectively). The ability of CaneCPI-5 to bind to dental enamel was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. Its capacity to protect against initial enamel erosion was also tested in vitro via changes in surface hardness. CaneCPI-5 showed a very large force of interaction with enamel (e.g., compared with mucin and casein) and significantly reduced initial enamel erosion. These results suggest that the inclusion of CaneCPIs in dental products might confer protection against enamel erosion.

Survival in adult and pediatric patients with medulloblastoma: A 2018 SEER-based analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14529-e14529
Author(s):  
Hanna Moisander-Joyce ◽  
Anoushka Sinha ◽  
Shannon Fernandez-Ledon ◽  
Davon Lee ◽  
Satoki Hatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Adults And Children

e14529 Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor accounting for 30% of pediatric and only 1% of adult brain tumors. In previous studies comparing survival in pediatric and adult MB from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database no difference has been found. However, diagnostic subgroup analyses have been limited. Methods: We examined survival in children (age 0-19) and adults (20-79) coded as MB in the 2018 SEER database (2000-2016). We used Kaplan Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MB in SEER-18 is defined as ICD-O-3 histology codes 9470–9474 (n = 1,728). ICD 9473, supratentorial PNET (sPNET, n = 97) is biologically distinct and therefore it was analyzed separately. Results: We found that 5-year survival for MB, excluding sPNET, was similar in children (n = 1,091, 75.3%) and adults (n = 488, 79.1%) (HR = 0.97, CI: 0.79 – 1.17, p = 0.50). Furthermore, subtype analyses showed no survival difference comparing adults and children with desmoplastic nodular MB (n = 222, p = 0.09), large cell MB (n = 73, p = 0.46), or MB NOS (n = 1330, p = 0.10). Yet, children with sPNET had improved 5-year survival (n = 65, 72.3%) compared to adults (n = 29, 51.7%) (HR = 2.0, CI: 1.10 – 3.92; p = 0.02,). These findings indicate that while survival in patients with MB is similar across age groups, children with sPNET have improved outcomes. Conclusions: In summary, 2018 SEER data for MB continue to show no survival difference between adults and children, suggesting adult patients could appropriately be entered on pediatric MB treatment protocols. Further analyses of the 2018 data are ongoing adjusting for sex, race, and treatment (chemotherapy or radiation). For sPNET, the apparent improved outcomes for children merit further detailed investigation and will be re-evaluated using the new 2016 World Health Organization classification.

scholarly journals BOND FAILURE RATE OF AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CONTAINING (AEGIS ORTHO) AND FLUORIDE RELEASING (TRANSBOND PLUS COLOUR CHANGE) ORTHODONTIC ADHESIVES-A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamala Naidu ◽  
Anand Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the survival rate of brackets bonded with amorphous calcium phosphate containing adhesive and fluoride releasing orthodontic adhesive over 6 months period. White spot lesions were also evaluated prior to bonding, 3 months and 6 months from the date of bonding. Methods: Thirty six orthodontic patients were randomly divided into two equal groups using split mouth design. 592 brackets were bonded up to the premolars with either Aegis Ortho or Transbond Colour Change(TPCCA). Bracket failure rate and survival distribution were evaluated and compared using Kaplan- meier analysis and Log rank test with respect to adhesives, dental arches, segments , tooth types, gender and age groups. White spot lesion was assessed using WSL index. Results: There was no significant difference between the failure rate of Aegis Ortho(3.0%) and TPCCA(1.4%). Kaplan Meier analysis, Log rank test showed that the difference in the overall failure rate and survival time between the arches, gender, and different age groups were not statistically significant. Both adhesives had a high bond failure rate in the posterior segment especially in the premolar region. Three patients had white spot lesions in the upper premolar region bonded with Aegis ortho. Conclusion: Both Aegis ortho and Transbond plus colour change adhesive with a low bond failure rate can be used as an alternative orthodontic adhesive. Key words : bond failure, amorphous calcium phosphate, transbond colour change adhesive, white spot lesions.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp. in Chinese bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis)

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Junke Song ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xun Ma ◽  
Xuemei Wu ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
South Central ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Blastocystis sp., a parasitic eukaryote, widely colonizes the intestines of humans and a large number of animals, including rodents and lagomorphs. More than 30 million bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) are farmed in China as a source of meat for human consumption. However, there have been no published articles on Blastocystis infection in Chinese bamboo rats prior to the present study. Herein, 480 fresh faecal samples were collected from R. sinensis on six farms located in four cities (Wugang, Chenzhou, Huaihua and Jishou) in Hunan Province, south-central China, and were examined for Blastocystis infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. The total prevalence of Blastocystis in R. sinensis was 4.58% (22/480), and significant differences in prevalence were detected among four age groups (<6 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months and >24 months), with the highest prevalence (7.81%) in rats aged 6–12 months but with no positive samples in rats over 24 months. All farms, except for one in Jishou, were positive for Blastocystis infection, with the prevalence ranging from 1.80% to 7.27%. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed two potentially zoonotic subtypes (namely ST4 and ST5) in these rodents, with ST4 predominant in all except one farm in Huaihua. Seven and five sequence types were identified within ST4 and ST5, respectively. This is the first report of Blastocystis infection in Chinese bamboo rats and the findings suggest the potential of R. sinensis to transmit Blastocystis to humans.

scholarly journals Impact of Two Remineralizing Agents on White Spot Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebaa Ibrahim Alagha
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim of the study: This study evaluated the impact of two remineralizing agents containing casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate (CPPACP), and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on white spot lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of ninety freshly extracted upper premolars were divided in three equal groups (30 each). Group A: Control group. Group B: Varnish containing CPP–ACP. Group C: Varnish containing TCP. The teeth were subjected to Diagnodent test after inducing white spot lesions to assess any surface changes present on the teeth. The readings were repeated post demineralization and post-remineralization. Results: Statistically significant difference was present in the mean values between the tested groups. CPP-ACP group recorded higher mean value at demineralization when compared to TCP group. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was present between the baseline and the demineralization values. CPP-ACP group presented higher remineralization results when compared to TCP group. T-test proved a significant difference between the tested groups. Conclusion: CPP-ACP containing varnish had higher remineralizing effect when compared to TCP containing varnish. Clinical Significance: Recently, the focus of restorative dentistry has been directed toward a conservative approach. Prevention and non-restorative treatment of initial enamel caries is the main concern. Remineralization procedures are the most preferred way of regeneration of lost tooth structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document