Community noise from urban air mobility (UAM) and its control by traffic management

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Michael Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Noise Metrics

The awareness about UAM is amplified by steadily growing numbers of air taxi concepts being announced. In general environmentally friendly by electric propulsion, community noise and en-route noise are still prominent open questions. Several studies for larger UAM aircraft, describing the acoustic characteristics of a variety of potential air taxi concepts, have been performed by the author. Due to the abovementioned multitude of different vehicle concepts and their multiple operational conditions, each of them shows individual sound characteristics. Therefore, further investigations of noise created by air taxi fleets appear to be crucial. Understanding of community noise around vertiports and along air taxi routes will strongly depend on those fleets. In this paper, acoustically different air taxi systems are composing different sets of air taxi fleets, used for air traffic noise simulations. The simulations start with baseline scenarios of equally represented taxi systems on fixed flight paths with several flight levels in a certain air lane. The final fleets are consisting of random air taxi composition with randomly populated flight paths. The results, based on common noise metrics and changes in the number of affected residents, could provide a first indication how to reduce community noise by future UAM traffic management.

The state of the art and operational scenarios for urban air mobility with unmanned aircraft

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
F. D. Maia ◽  
J. M. Lourenço da Saúde
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Standards And Regulations

ABSTRACT A state-of-the-art review of all the developments, standards and regulations associated with the use of major unmanned aircraft systems under development is presented. Requirements and constraints are identified by evaluating technologies specific to urban air mobility, considering equivalent levels of safety required by current and future civil aviation standards. Strategies, technologies and lessons learnt from remotely piloted aviation and novel unmanned traffic management systems are taken as the starting point to assess operational scenarios for autonomous urban air mobility.

Noisy Motorcycles and Barriers and Quieter Pavements for Traffic Noise Abatement: Summaries of Two TQA Workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4144-4153
Author(s):  
Paul Donavan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Noise Mitigation ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
National Cooperative

In the Technology for a Quieter America report, motorcycles were mentioned three times, once in terms of standard test methods and twice in relation to community noise. In New York City, motorcycles placed in the top 10 bothersome noise sources identified by residents. Although there are regulated levels that manufacturers must meet, complaints about in-service motorcycle noise persist. To address this issue, a round table meeting was held in August 2012 with a broad spectrum of participants representing manufacturers, regulators, and other interested, knowledgeable engineers. In preparation of the TQA report, a workshop entitled Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Noise Control found that CBA was being applied in the area of traffic noise mitigation in regard to the use of barriers and/or quieter pavement. To address the particular CBA issues for this topic, a workshop was held in January 2014 with state and federal transportation officials and the research team responsible for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCHRP Report 738, Evaluating Pavement Strategies and Barriers for Noise Mitigation. The findings of these two meetings are summarized in this paper.

scholarly journals Cognitive work analysis in the conceptual design of first-of-a-kind systems – designing urban air traffic management

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Lundberg ◽  
Mattias Arvola ◽  
Carl Westin ◽  
Stefan Holmlid ◽  
Mathias Nordvall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Cognitive Work Analysis ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Work

scholarly journals Rotorcraft systems for urban air mobility: A reality check

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1283) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
A. Filippone ◽  
G.N. Barakos
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT“Urban air vehicles” have been hailed as the next revolution in aviation. Prototypes of various sizes have been flown to demonstrate basic flight (hover and climb), but in most cases there is no demonstration of full flight capability, for example conversion from vertical to level flight (conversion corridor). There are proposals for vehicles in a wide range of scales: from drones specifically designed to deliver goods, to full size vehicles for manned transportation. Most of the concepts proposed include full electric propulsion, multiple (often convertible) rotors (ducted or un-ducted, counter-rotating), and widespread use of composite materials. Start-up companies are seeking funding with high-profile demonstrations in front of the media, but many unresolved technical problems are not been solved. Large aerospace companies have joined the fray. These initiatives are fuelling expectations that achieving the next milestone is within easy reach. This paper aims to fill some gaps in understanding and curb optimism. It takes a holistic view in order to establish a scientific basis for design, manufacturing, operations.

Simulation Approach to Traffic Noise Modeling: American Automobile Manufacturers Association Community Noise Model Version 4.0

1997 ◽  
Vol 1601 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Wayson ◽  
John M. MacDonald ◽  
Ronald Eaglin ◽  
Barbara Wendling
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Community Noise ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Interrupted Flow

Several models are available for predicting traffic noise levels. The FHWA-promulgated model, STAMINA 2.0, is the most widely used noise model in the United States and is used to model free-flow vehicular traffic. STAMINA 2.0 cannot directly model interrupted-flow traffic. Sound levels from interrupted-flow traffic can be approximated with STAMINA 2.0 using the method presented in NCHRP Report 311. This method is time-consuming and difficult to use. These limitations demonstrate the need for a traffic noise model that can model the acceleration and deceleration behavior of interrupted-flow traffic. The University of Central Florida has developed the American Automobile Manufacturers Association Community Noise Model (CNM). The CNM is a traffic simulation model that determines sound levels at receivers by modeling vehicles as discrete moving point sources. The vehicle energy is determined from acceleration, deceleration, idle, and cruise reference energy mean emission level curves. Sound energy attenuation is calculated from distance, ground absorption, and user input barriers. The model sums the energy at receivers from all vehicles and then calculates the Leq noise level at the receivers. It is demonstrated that the CNM predicts receiver Leq levels that are very close to STAMINA 2.0 results for constant-speed traffic. The CNM can also accurately predict sound levels at receivers located before and after intersections. In addition to the advantages of a real simulation model, the CNM is user friendly, allowing the user to place lanes and receivers using the mouse.

Effectiveness of Predictive Weather-Related Active Transportation and Demand Management Strategies for Network Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 2667 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Hong ◽  
Hani S. Mahmassani ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Archak Mittal ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of predictive active transportation and demand management (ATDM) and weather-responsive traffic management (WRTM) strategies to support operations for weather-affected traffic conditions with traffic estimation and prediction system models. First, the problem is defined as a dynamic process of traffic system evolution under the impact of operational conditions and management strategies (interventions). A list of research questions to be addressed is provided. Second, a systematic framework for implementing and evaluating predictive weather-related ATDM strategies is illustrated. The framework consists of an offline model that simulates and evaluates the traffic operations and an online model that predicts traffic conditions and transits information to the offline model to generate or adjust traffic management strategies. Next, the detailed description and the logic design of ATDM and WRTM strategies to be evaluated are proposed. To determine effectiveness, the selection of strategy combination and sensitivity of operational features are assessed with a series of experiments implemented with a locally calibrated network in the Chicago, Illinois, area. The analysis results confirm the models’ ability to replicate observed traffic patterns and to evaluate the system performance across operational conditions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the predictive strategies tested in managing and improving traffic performance under adverse weather conditions. The results also verify that, with the appropriate operational settings and synergistic combination of strategies, weather-related ATDM strategies can generate maximal effectiveness to improve traffic performance.

scholarly journals Method of measuring the acoustic characteristics of traffic flows in urban environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Medical Institutions

When examining doctors ' workplaces, it was found that traffic noise inside the premises exceeds sanitary standards. For medical institutions, the sanitary standards are 50 dBA, and for fullscale measurements, they were 60-63 dBA. Traffic noise levels have a maximum at low frequencies (31.5 Hz) and a minimum at high frequencies (16,000 Hz).

scholarly journals Future Directions for Electric Propulsion Research

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Dale ◽  
Benjamin Jorns ◽  
Alec Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Hall Thrusters ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ion Thrusters ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Near Future

The research challenges for electric propulsion technologies are examined in the context of s-curve development cycles. It is shown that the need for research is driven both by the application as well as relative maturity of the technology. For flight qualified systems such as moderately-powered Hall thrusters and gridded ion thrusters, there are open questions related to testing fidelity and predictive modeling. For less developed technologies like large-scale electrospray arrays and pulsed inductive thrusters, the challenges include scalability and realizing theoretical performance. Strategies are discussed to address the challenges of both mature and developed technologies. With the aid of targeted numerical and experimental facility effects studies, the application of data-driven analyses, and the development of advanced power systems, many of these hurdles can be overcome in the near future.

Community Noise of Urban Air Transportation Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Casalino ◽  
Wouter C. van der Velden ◽  
Gianluca Romani
Keyword(s):  
Air Transportation ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Community Noise
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