Long Term Ambient Sound Level Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4755-4766
Author(s):  
Henk de Haan ◽  
Virgini Senden
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ambient Sound ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Monitoring Stations

A 32 month long nighttime ambient sound level survey was conducted between from April 2017 and December 2019, inclusive. Sound level data was recorded at three locations within approximately 600 m of one another. Weather data was collected at one site. The measurement locations were at the edge of the city, where the suburbs make way for the countryside. Two noise monitoring stations were located near the back yards of detached houses. The third station was located in a more rural setting. This paper will look at trends in the nighttime ambient sound level (e.g. summertime vs wintertime), and try to establish the minimal duration of a measurement program for generating reliable results.

Nascent Judaism

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Jon L. Berquist
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Pluralistic World

The third and final section of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Writings, is a crucial part of the biblical canon and a key turning point in the history of Israelite religion. The Writings were written and shaped during the time of Persian imperial rule as well as Hellenistic influence, perhaps 450–300 bce. The city of Jerusalem and the province of Yehud existed as a part of the continent-spanning Persian Empire, in which increased scribalism and communications supported the long-term purposes of imperial order, but which also accepted a higher level of pluralism than earlier empires and monarchies. The Writings of this time, expressed in diverse genres and with great variations of affect and theology, formed nascent Judaism in ways that would maximize its relevance to a new imperial, multicultural, and pluralistic world situation as well as enhance the opportunities for Judaism to survive and thrive in future centuries.

scholarly journals Desarrollo local y vaciamiento demográfico en Moratalla (Murcia, España): ¿un proceso reversible a través de la promoción turística?

2021 ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Francisco José Morales Yago
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
The Third ◽  
Population Evolution ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The City

Resumen: El municipio de Moratalla, ubicado en la comarca del NO de Murcia (España) presenta por sus datos respecto a la evolución poblacional una de las pocas excepciones en el conjunto regional, ya que pierde población desde al menos cuatro décadas. Esta situación significa un progresivo deterioro en la actividad económica, el envejecimiento de la población y un importante abandono del casco histórico de la ciudad, así como en una serie de pedanías localizadas en un amplio término municipal de 954,82 km2, el tercero más extenso de la Región de Murcia que está compuesta por cuarenta y cinco términos municipales. Los análisis estadísticos, cuestionario tabulados y entrevistas de carácter cualitativo a expertos locales señalan un escenario para esta ciudad y su término municipal preocupante, que en caso de que no se consiga frenar podría desembocar a medio y largo plazo en una aguda regresión social y económica de este municipio. A través de la herramienta DAFO aplicada básicamente a la promoción turística de interior se harán propuestas que contribuyan a detener la sangría demográfica, diversificando la económica local basada en el sector primario y en la salida diaria de muchos vecinos a otras localidades, donde desarrollan sus puestos de trabajo.   Palabras clave: Despoblación, vaciamiento, desarrollo local, Moratalla, estrategia territorial.   Abstract: The municipality of Moratalla, located in the NW region of Murcia (Spain) presents, due to its data regarding population evolution, one of the few exceptions in the regional set, since it has lost population for at least four decades. This situation means a progressive deterioration in economic activity, the aging of the population and a significant abandonment of the historic center of the city, as well as in a series of districts located in a large municipal area of 954.82 km2, the third largest of the Murcia Region, which is made up of forty-five municipalities. Statistical analyzes, tabulated questionnaires and qualitative interviews with local experts indicate a worrying scenario for this city and its municipal area, which in the event of failure to stop could lead in the medium and long term into an acute social and economic regression of this municipality. Through the SWOT tool applied basically to inland tourism promotion, proposals will be made that help to stop demographic bleeding, diversifying the local economy based on the primary sector and the daily departure of many residents to other locations, where they develop their jobs of work.   Key words: Depopulation, emptying, local development, Moratalla, territorial strategy.

Ephesus in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period: Changes in its Urban Character from the Third to the Seventh Century ad

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LADSTÄTTER ◽  
A. PÜLZ
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Urban Character ◽  
The City

The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic disasters when the city was afflicted by a series of earthquakes which led to a temporary downturn in its economic circumstances. These destructive earthquakes not only had long-term consequences for the city's appearance, but also affected the very foundations of urbanism. This chapter traces the history of Metropolis Asiae after the earthquakes of the third and fourth centuries. The archaeological evidence proves that rebuilding took place and within public areas, such as agorae or buildings along the roads and included fountains and baths. The work was not limited only to the reconstruction of buildings but efforts were made to restore the splendid appearance of the city, reflecting the restoration of its high urban status and commercial importance. This chapter also describes the city's numerous churches that graphically attest to the growing importance of Christianity as the state religion.

scholarly journals Quieted City Sounds during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Montreal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5877
Author(s):  
Daniel Steele ◽  
Catherine Guastavino
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Noise Management

This paper investigates the transformation of urban sound environments during the COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal, Canada. We report on comparisons of sound environments in three sites, before, during, and after the lockdown. The project is conducted in collaboration with the Montreal festival district (Quartier des Spectacles) as part of the Sounds in the City partnership. The analyses rely on continuous acoustic monitoring of three sites. The comparisons are presented in terms of (1) energetic acoustic indicators over different periods of time (Lden, Ld, Le, Ln), (2) statistical acoustic indicators (L10, L90), and (3) hourly, daily, and weekly profiles of sound levels throughout the day. Preliminary analyses reveal sound level reductions on the order of 6–7 dB(A) during lockdown, with differences more or less marked across sites and times of the day. After lockdown, sound levels gradually increased following an incremental relaxation of confinement. Within four weeks, sound levels measurements nearly reached the pre-COVID-19 levels despite a reduced number of pedestrian activities. Long-term measurements suggest a ‘new normal’ that is not quite as loud without festival activities, but that is also not characterizable as quiet. The study supports reframing debates about noise control and noise management of festival areas to also consider the sounds of such areas when festival sounds are not present.

scholarly journals School Rituals and Educational Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magister Pablo Daniel Vain
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Complex Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
The City ◽  
As If

This study on school rituals, based on an socio-anthropology view, has arisen from the hypothesis of the anthropologist Roberto Da Matta. This hypothesis supports the theory that rituals are useful, particularly in a complex society, to promote its social identity and develop its character. Da Matta observes that it is as if the ritual domain were a privileged area from whence to enter the cultural kernel of a society, its main ideology, its system of values. This is the reason why we have put forward the proposal that to enquire about rituals at schools can result in a useful contribution to the analysis of this institution in its reproductive dimension or in the construction of a determined social structure. This research was carried out in three schools in the city of Posadas, Misiones, Argentina. In two of them, the research was pursued as a sustained, long-term and ethnographic observation: students, parents, teachers and the managing staff were interviewed. In the third school, just the teachers and the managing staff were interviewed by means of a probing survey; in both cases, strategies, sources and techniques were combined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Noise Environment and Noise Mapping with ArcGIS in Chittagong City, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahasanul Karim ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hassan Masum ◽  
Kazi Kader Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Mapping ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Noise Environment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
The City

Objectives : Noise pollution in Chittagong City of Bangladesh is a big concern because of huge population growth and urbanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate and mapping the noise levels in twelve locations of this city at different periods.Methods : Noise level data were collected at various locations by a precision grade sound level meter and the noise pollution parameters (Lmin, LAeq,2h and Lmax) were calculated. Furthermore, the noise pollution maps of Chittagong City were developed using geographical information system to address the locations which are prone to the environmental hazards.Results and discussion : The study revealed that the average noise levels were 64.6, 76.9, and 75.5 dB(A) for residential, commercial and silence zones, respectively. The interpolated noise maps showed that noise environment of this city was unsatisfactory, especially, in the areas of New Market, Nasirabad, and Bawa School & College were exposed to high noise pollutions. The afternoon and evening periods were experiencing higher noise pollution in the commercial and silence zones than the morning period of the day.Conclusions : The study suggests that the noise levels are above the acceptable limit and hence urgent measures should be taken into consideration to control the level of noise pollution in the city.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN END USER COMPUTING DENGAN KETIDAKPASTIAN TUGAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herawati M
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
End User ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Task Uncertainty ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The City ◽  
End User Computing

This study aims to use information technology, uncertainty or moderation duties and interactions between task uncertainty with the use of information technology to end user computing satisfaction. In this study used 70 respondents who actively use computers and working with several companies banking on the city of Padang. The data used are the primary data obtained through questionnaires. The study used three types of variables, the first is the independent variable, namely the utilization of information technology, both moderating variables, namely the uncertainty of the task, the third is the dependent variable is satisfaction of end user computing. The stages of hypothesis testing is done by using a regression model of moderating and statistical t-test. Based on the results of testing the first hypothesis (HI) was found to significantly influence the utilization of information technology to the satisfaction of end user computing. The second hypothesis (H2) testing results found that task uncertainty did not significantly influence the end user computing satisfaction. The third hypothesis (H3) testing found that the interaction or moderation between the use of technology with task uncertainty no significant effect on end user computing satisfaction.

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