Investigation of anti-arthritic potential of ethanol extract of Hibiscus platinifolius

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Jogu Chandrudu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intervertebral Disks ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which causes chronic inflammation in the joints n even affects the healthy tissues in the body because their immune system attacks their body's tissues. This process creates an inflammatory response of the synovium, which is synovitis secondary to hyperplasia of the synovial cells. In their research, Locally available plants are verified on their therapeutic use. Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which causes chronic inflammation in the joints n even affects the healthy tissues in the body because their immune system attacks their body’s tissue. In Literature survey, it is revealed that the plant Hibiscus platinifolius (Malvaceae) is used as an ethnic folklore medicine for arthritis than other medicinal use. Primary inflammatory response consists of swelling of oedematous with multiple joints mainly in hind paws then within hours; it develops at the inoculation site. Later it involves the development of inflamed peri articular swelling in the limbs and of erythematous nodules and segmental radial swellings and ridgings which encircling the tail adjacent to the intervertebral disks of the caudal vertebrae. According to the reports, it has shown that the formation of bone was broadly reduced while bone resorption was increased in arthritic disease. In blood and liver, the FA activity increases then N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and it shows the effect not only on the serum biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT and ALP but also on haematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, Hb% and ESR.

Pathway of Inflammation due to Asbestiform fiber "Fluoro-edenite" Exposure: an Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Ledda ◽  
Claudia Lombardo ◽  
Elisabetta A. Tendi ◽  
Maria Hagnas ◽  
Gianluca Paravizzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Early Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

: Fluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestos-like amphibole present in the bentonitic lavas extracted from a stone quarry in Biancavilla, a village sited in the Etnean Volcanic Area (Italy). : Thoracic pathologies are the results of excessive inflammatory processes that are the early response of the immune system to inhaled fibers. As demonstrated for asbestos, fibers may trigger immune system cells in an acute and/or chronic manner. This review aims to clarify the pathways of inflammation in workers exposed to FE fibers. : Based on the articles reviewed, it seems that a permanent stimulus created by repeatedly inhaling the FE fibers and their persistence in the body can act as trigger both in promoting inflammatory processes and in immunological induction of autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, COVID-19 and Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selva Rivas-Arancibia ◽  
Jennifer Balderas-Miranda ◽  
Lizbeth Belmont-Zúñiga ◽  
Martín Martínez-Jáquez ◽  
Eduardo Hernández-Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Low Levels

Patients with degenerative diseases present a chronic oxidative stress state, which puts them at a disadvantage when facing viral infections such as COVID-19. This is because there is a close relationship between redox signaling and this inflammatory response. Therefore, chronic changes in the redox balance cause alterations in the regulation of the immune system. An inflammatory response that must be reparative and self-limited loses its function and remains over time. In a chronic state of oxidative stress, there is a deficiency of antioxidants. This results in low levels of hormones, vitamins and trace elements, which are essential for the regulation of these systems. Furthermore, low levels of antioxidants imply a diminished capacity for a regulated inflammatory responses are much more vulnerable to a cytokine storm that mainly attacks the lungs, since they present a vicious circle between the null or diminished response of the antioxidant systems and the loss of regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, these patients are at a disadvantage in counteracting the response of defense systems to infection from SAR-COV19. A plausible option may be to restore the levels of Vitamins A, B, C, D, E and of essential trace elements such as manganese, selenium, zinc, in the body, which are key to either preventing or reducing the severity of the response of the immune system to the disease caused by SAR-CoV2. For the present review, we searched the specific sites of the Cochrane library database, PubMed and Medscape. The inclusion criteria were documents written in English or Spanish, published during the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Antarpribadi Antara Anggota Keluarga dalam Mendukung Penderita Autoimun (ODAMUN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Veronika Trimardhany
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Family

ODAMUN stands for People with autoimmune patients. Autoimmune disease is a disease where the immune system that is formed incorrectly identifies foreign objects, where cells, tissues or organs of the human body are actually considered foreign objects so that they are damaged by antibodies. So the presence of autoimmune disease does not have an impact on increasing the body's resistance to a disease, but instead occurs damage to the body due to the formed immunity. Therefore, support from family members becomes very important for autoimmune sufferers. Communication in the family can also be interpreted as a readiness to talk openly about every problem in the family, both pleasant and sad, this is where members will be ready to solve the problems they face by talking to each other with patience, honesty and openness. Communication that occurs, among others, interpersonal communication between family members. The methodology in this study uses descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach by describing the experiences of four people with autoimmune disorders accompanied by their families. The results obtained are that they carry out interpersonal communication effectively with the following factors: openness, empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude and equality. Of the five factors, the most prominent is the supportive attitude of the sufferer, this is what the sufferer always hopes to motivate to recover. Initial complaints from autoimmune sufferers are fever all over the body, canker sores, red rashes, but each sufferer has different complaints, but most of them are weak and powerless. The solution for sufferers is to go to the doctor, manage stress and always think positively in all situations, while family members provide support, namely accompanying when complaints come and immediately taking them to the hospital.

James Griffiths Howard. 25 September 1927 — 6 October 1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 257-267
Author(s):  
N.A. Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Cellular Immunology ◽  
Childhood Infections ◽  
Do So

In his career James Howard personified the great expansion of immunology that took place in the decades after World War II. Trained as a pathologist and microbiologist—the subjects from which immunology sprang—he became a pioneer of the newly independent subject. He belongs among scientists fortunate enough to participate in the flowering of cellular immunology, a group that includes James Gowans, F.R.S., Morton Simonsen, George Mackaness, F.R.S., Ita Askonas, F.R.S., Leslie Brent, Michael Feldman, Michael Sela and Baruch Benacerraf (and myself). We looked up to Peter Medawar, F.R.S., Peter Gorer, F.R.S., Macfarlane Burnet, F.R.S., and (later) Niels Jerne, F.R.S. We were all good friends, very well aware of one another's strengths and weaknesses, and not slow to compete. Within the group, Howard's specialty lay in the connection between infection and immunity. We started when little was known beyond the fact that the body reacted to invasion by making antibodies against foreign agents: the concept of an immune system hardly existed. When we finished, the half–dozen main types of cell that make up the system had been sorted out, and the subtle interactions between them were largely understood. How the system avoided turning on the body that housed it was understood, and the occasional failure to do so–autoimmune disease–had been delineated. The main features of its genetics had fallen into place, and the system was ready for the application of the molecular genetics that followed. Some of these advances were already being applied to medicine, and others were on the way. Examples include organ transplantation, treatments of autoimmune disease, and the ‘sunburst’ vaccines against childhood infections. James Howard took great pleasure in these achievements, and not just for the considerable part that he himself played. Although he was a man exceptionally well provided with other sources of pleasure, none of his friends was in any doubt that this was his greatest.

Deprivation or Circumvention of the UN’s Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Yohei Okada
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
Healthy Part

Abstract The immune system is supposed to protect one’s body from harmful germs, but sometimes it may attack a healthy part of the body itself—this is called an ‘autoimmune disease’. Although the founders of the United Nations (UN) equipped it with such immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes, it seems that its jurisdictional immunity is sometimes more detrimental to its proper functioning than protective of it, especially in the context of peacekeeping. The present study aims to discover a cure for this autoimmune disease. Immunities are, in general, under attack because they serve as insurmountable hurdles to holding those who exercise public authority accountable before domestic courts. Peacekeepers may harm the local population, but the UN’s immunity leads to the denial of justice in cases of third-party claims, which put pressure on the UN. However, neither deprivation nor circumvention of the UN’s jurisdictional immunity is a safe and holistic cure for this autoimmune disease. What we need to ensure is that the immune system functions as designed.

scholarly journals Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3-D

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadel Fikri Suharto ◽  
RM Dewi Anggraini ◽  
Ardianto Tamin ◽  
Della Fitricana ◽  
Nova Kurniati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Organ Systems

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cell nuclei and involves many organ systems in the body. The etiopathology of SLE is thought to involve complex and multifactorial interactions between genetic variation and environmental factors. Hyperthyroidism is a disease due to increased thyroid hormone function followed by signs and symptoms that affect the body's metabolic system. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to TSHR (TRAb). Several coexisting autoimmune diseases have been classified under different syndromes. Case Presentation: A woman, 29 years-old, came to office with complaint of chest palpitation. Patient had history of fever, joint pain, hair loss, and malar rash. Patient had been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for 4 years and regularly taking propylthiouracil 100 mg and propranolol 10 mg. Titer ANA Test 1/100, Anti ds-DNA 68.08, C3-Complement 93 (N: 83-193), C4-Complement 11.2 (N: 15-57), Free T3 7.79 (N: 1.71-3.71), Free -T4 2.50 (N: 0.70-1.48), TSHs 0.0001 (N: 0.350-4.94), TRAb 3.38 (N: < 1.75). Patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and graves’ disease. Patient treated with methimazole 10 mg, propranolol 10 mg, myfortic 360 mg, and methylprednisolone 4 mg. Conclusion: Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) was at first characterized as different endocrine organ diseases related to an immune system disease in a subject. Hence, affiliation between illnesses in APS was noted not to be irregular but in specific combinations in which a few non-endocrine immune system diseases were moreover portion of the disorders.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Model of Multiple Time-Delay Interactions between the Virus-Infected Cells and Body’s Immune System with Autoimmune Diseases

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Hoang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Virus Infected Cell ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Infected Cells

The immune system is a complex interconnected network consisting of many parts including organs, tissues, cells, molecules and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness when germs enter the body. An autoimmune disease is a disease in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells. It is known that when the immune system is working properly, it can clearly recognize and kill the abnormal cells and virus-infected cells. But when it doesn't work properly, the human body will not be able to recognize the virus-infected cells and, therefore, it can attack the body’s healthy cells when there is no invader or does not stop an attack after the invader has been killed, resulting in autoimmune disease; This paper presents a mathematical modeling of the virus-infected development in the body’s immune system considering the multiple time-delay interactions between the immune cells and virus-infected cells with autoimmune disease. The proposed model aims to determine the dynamic progression of virus-infected cell growth in the immune system. The patterns of how the virus-infected cells spread and the development of the body’s immune cells with respect to time delays will be derived in the form of a system of delay partial differential equations. The model can be used to determine whether the virus-infected free state can be reached or not as time progresses. It also can be used to predict the number of the body’s immune cells at any given time. Several numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the proposed model. The model can provide a real understanding of the transmission dynamics and other significant factors of the virus-infected disease and the body’s immune system subject to the time delay, including approaches to reduce the growth rate of virus-infected cell and the autoimmune disease as well as to enhance the immune effector cells.

scholarly journals Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type 3D : A Case Report

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadel Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ◽  
Organ Systems

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against cell nuclei and involves many organ systems in the body. The etiopathology of SLE is thought to involve complex and multifactorial interactions between genetic variation and environmental factors. Hyperthyroidism is a disease due to increased thyroid hormone function followed by signs and symptoms that affect the body's metabolic system. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antibodies to TSHR (TRAb). Several coexisting autoimmune diseases have been classified under different syndromes. Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (PGAS),Case Presentation: A woman, 29 years-old, came to office with complaint of chest palpitation. Patient had history of fever, joint pain, hair loss, and malar rash. Patient had been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for 4 years and regularly taking propylthiouracil 100 mg and propranolol 10 mg. Titer ANA Test 1/100, Anti ds-DNA 68.08, C3-Complement 93 (N: 83-193), C4-Complement 11.2 (N: 15-57), Free T3 7.79 (N: 1.71-3.71), Free -T4 2.50 (N: 0.70-1.48), TSHs 0.0001 (N: 0.350-4.94), TRAb 3.38 (N: &lt; 1.75). Patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and grave's disease. Patient treated with methimazole 10 mg, propranolol 10 mg, myfortic 360 mg, and methylprednisolone 4 mg.Conclusion: Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) was at first characterized as different endocrine organ diseases related to an immune system disease in a subject. Hence, affiliation between illnesses in APS was noted not to be irregular but in specific combinations in which a few non-endocrine immune system diseases were moreover portion of the disorders.

Collagen Grafts—Here Today and Gone Tomorrow

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Facial Contour ◽  
Alloplastic Materials ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Contour Defects ◽  
Autogenous Grafts

The ongoing search for the perfect graft to fill out facial contour defects has frustrated reconstructive surgeons for years. The list of autogenous, homologous, heterologous, and alloplastic materials Is extensive. All implantable materials have one or more classical principal drawbacks: shrinkage, extrusion, infection, absorption, and/or deformation. One of the major mechanisms of graft unacceptability is the phenomenon of tissue immunity and graft rejection. This has traditionally been the major disadvantage of homografts and heterografts. The host's Immune system recognizes the Implant as “non-self” an antibody-antigen reaction is triggered—usually by the antigenic stimulation provided by the proteinaceous component of the graft, and the implant is rejected or destroyed. Conversely, autogenous grafts experience the problem of resorption by the action of macrophages and chronic inflammatory cells. The immunologic sterility of alloplastic grafts is an advantage, but the body often rejects even the most Inert materials by the process of chronic inflammation.

Dysregulation of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Thomas Crowley ◽  
Jason D. Turner ◽  
Andrew Filer ◽  
Andy Clark ◽  
Chris Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Level Of Involvement

Fibroblasts are ubiquitous stromal cells, with populations found in all organs. The traditional role of fibroblasts was thought to be mainly structural; making and modifying extracellular matrix. Taken together the ability of fibroblasts to produce and respond to many factors involved in the immune system indicates the degree to which they are involved in orchestrating the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This level of involvement demonstrates the importance of fibroblasts in inflammation and indicates the shift from transient to chronic inflammation in RA could be facilitated in part by synovial fibroblasts. This chapter explores the role of fibroblasts in RA.

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