Sport als Prävention von Demenz und ­funktionellem Verlust im Alter

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Designs

As a consequence of the demographically related increase of dementia prevalence, modifiable risk factors are gaining in importance as possible preventative measures. Medical treatment cannot yet heal dementia. The effects of vascular risk factors as well as behaviour and lifestyle changes on cognitive decline are the subject of a wide range of current literature. The role of physical activity has proved to be especially beneficial. Multiple studies with different study designs describe direct or indirect positive effects of physical activity on cognitive abilities. The positive effects of physical activity are particularly notable in cognitive domains such as attention or executive functions, which are often impaired in dementia. However, ideal training sessions in terms of type, duration and intensity are currently unknown.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Jana Jurkovičová ◽  
Katarína Hirošová ◽  
Diana Vondrová ◽  
Martin Samohýl ◽  
Zuzana Štefániková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Strengthening of the Motivation for Lifestyle Modification in Patients Receiving the Guar Gum Drug

2016 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kolesnik ◽  
Timea Korol ◽  
Ivanna Shushman ◽  
Aita Prohorova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Diet Habits

The article deals with the question of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the cohort of mental profession. It determines the level of their motivation for lifestyle changes, as well as possibility to enhance their motivation while using of the guar gum Guarem drug (Orion Corporation, Finland). 161 persons where skinned for diet habits, physical activity, the presence of risk factors as well as dislipidemiya. Motivation for lifestyle changes was evaluated. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in population with predominantly mental and light physical labor, is extremely high at 68% women and 73% men and incidence increased with age. While dynamic monitoring of the patients, who underwent motivational counseling while taking the drug guar gum Guarem, noted strengthening of motivation to comply with the recommendations, compared with patients who received only verbal motivation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON CARDIOMETABOLIC MARKERS IN ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Paulo Neves Miranda ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Nathália Cristina Borges Oliveira ◽  
Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

ABSTRACT The accumulation of body fat is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity can be considered a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in adults and younger people. The control of subclinical inflammation process through the practice of physical activity (PA) can mitigate the effects of risk factors that trigger atherosclerosis that worsens with advancing age. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the influence of physical activity and/or exercise on cardiometabolic markers and othrer risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Pubmed, Conchrane Collection and SciELO. The terms used in the search were "cardiovascular diseases AND inflammation AND adolescents AND physical activity OR exercise". A total of 24 original articles were evaluated, being 14 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional studies. Overall, 16 articles (66.66%) showed that PA, exercise and/or sedentary behavior may have influenced or have been related to the concentration of cardiometabolic markers. All studies that examined lifestyle changes showed reduction of cardiometabolic markers. Some limitations were observed: reduced samples, lack of dietary prescription, evaluation and control of volume and intensity of exercise. Most of the studies analyzed showed that the physical activity could influence and decrease the concentrations of cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. However, studies with representative sample size and precise control in assessing the level of physical activity and/or exercise are required to determine accurately the changes that the more active lifestyle can bring on inflammatory process, as well as other risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doretta Caramaschi ◽  
Alexander Neumann ◽  
Andres Cardenas ◽  
Gwen Tindula ◽  
Silvia Alemany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTCognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts (N=2196-3798) within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall, verbal and non-verbal cognitive scores. The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region near DUSP22 on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that cord blood DNA methylation at single CpGs can predict cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm regional differences.

scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity on Brain Energy Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Diseases

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Morteza Jourkesh ◽  
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad ◽  
Stephen R Stannard ◽  
Conrad P. Earnest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Brain Energy

The prevalence of dementia has substantially increased worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and care for affected patients is financially and psychologically costly. Of late, more attention has been given to preventive interventions—in particular, physical activity/exercise. In this review, examine the risk factors associated with AD and the effects physical activity may play in the prevention of the degenerative process of this disease, loss of memory and cognitive performance in the elderly. To date, research has shown that physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, has a protective effect on cognitive function and memory in the elderly and Alzheimer’s patients. In comparison with aerobic exercise, several strength training studies have also shown positive effects, and the rare studies that compare the two different modalities show no difference.

scholarly journals The north–south and east–west gradient in colorectal cancer risk: a look at the distribution of modifiable risk factors and incidence across Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tung ◽  
C.E. Politis ◽  
J. Chadder ◽  
J. Han ◽  
J. Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
East West

Colorectal cancer (crc) is the 2nd most common cancer in Canada and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death. That heavy burden can be mitigated given the preventability of crc through lifestyle changes and screening. Here, we describe the extent of the variation in crc incidence rates across Canada and the disparities, by jurisdiction, in the prevalence of modifiable risk factors known to contribute to the crc burden.Findings suggest that there is a north–south and east–west gradient in crc modifiable risk factors, including excess weight, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, with the highest prevalence of risk factors typically found in the territories and Atlantic provinces. In general, that pattern reflects the crc incidence rates seen across Canada. Given the substantial interjurisdictional variation, more work is needed to increase prevention efforts, including promoting a healthier diet and lifestyle, especially in jurisdictions facing disproportionately higher burdens of crc.Based on current knowledge, the most effective approaches to reduce the burden of crc include adopting public policies that create healthier environments in which people live, work, learn, and play; making healthy choices easier; and continuing to emphasize screening and early detection. Strategic approaches to modifiable risk factors and mechanisms for early cancer detection have the potential to translate into positive effects for population health and fewer Canadians developing and dying from cancer.

scholarly journals A health assessment tool for multiple risk factors for obesity: age and sex differences in the prediction of body mass index

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Chambers ◽  
Vivien Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wide Range

The aim was to establish the relative importance of multiple dietary, activity and other risk factors in determining BMI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 322 adults (71 % female; aged 18–79 years; BMI 16·5–40·9 kg/m2) using a previously developed, psychometrically tested, seventy-three-item questionnaire covering a wide range of obesity risk factors (consisting of five dietary, five activity and seven other risk factor subscales). Outcome was self-reported weight and height for BMI, cross-validated with items on clothes size and perceived need to lose weight. Stepwise regression analysis predicted 25–55 % of the variance in BMI with physical activity participation, current and past dieting behaviour, amount eaten, and age being the most important predictors. The association of lower BMI and younger age appeared to be due to higher activity levels, as younger participants reported much less healthy eating behaviour than the older age group. Amount eaten and physical activity participation were stronger predictors of BMI than other factors including healthy eating and use of mechanised transport. Results showed that the relationship between various risk factors and obesity may differ by both sex and age group, suggesting that different interventions may need to be targeted at different groups. The higher-risk eating behaviour observed in younger participants is of concern and needs to be addressed, if the current trend of rising obesity levels is to be halted.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Jurkovicova ◽  
Katarina Hirosova ◽  
Diana Vondrova ◽  
Martin Samohyl ◽  
Zuzana Stefanikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2,629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and resting heart rate were measured, fasting venous blood samples were analysed, and HOMA-IR was calculated. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45±1.91 without a significant intersexual difference. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR=3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for TC and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as the significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and CVD in adulthood.

scholarly journals Guidelines about physical activity and exercise to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors: protocol for a systematic review and critical appraisal

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e032656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelin Siedler ◽  
M Hassan Murad ◽  
Yngve Falck-Ytter ◽  
Philipp Dahm ◽  
Reem A Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

IntroductionPhysical activity can prevent a wide range of diseases, including highly prevalent conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and associated cardiometabolic disorders. Numerous guidelines for the prescription of physical activity and exercise to promote general health and prevent disease are released each year, but the quality of these guidelines is currently unknown. This systematic review and critical appraisal of physical activity and exercise guidelines aims to summarise the current status and quality of these guidelines to provide suggestions to improve the development of future guidelines in this area.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of guidelines in Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus databases published from database 2000 through 23 October 2019, written in English for the use of physical activity and exercise for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease and related risk factors in otherwise healthy individuals. We will also search the grey literature for additional eligible documents. We will use the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool to assess the quality of eligible recommendations from all included guidelines, as well as perform exploratory analyses on guideline development variables.Ethics and disseminationAs a protocol for the review and critical appraisal of published documents, no potential ethical considerations are discussed. The protocol will guide the development of the review, which will be disseminated to relevant journals for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126364

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of non-communicable Diseases in an Adult Population of Rural Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
M Mostafa Zaman ◽  
Jasimuddin Ahmed ◽  
Sohel Reza Choudhury ◽  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate

Background:A community based survey was carried out to determine the distribution of major noncommunicable diseases risk factors as well as to explore the detection and treatment rate of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in rural adult population of Bangladesh.Methods: The survey was done in2006 among 545 individualsaged 25 to 64 years randomly drawn from a village (Ekhlaspur under Chandpur district) of Bangladesh. Information on diet, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco, and treatment history for hypertension and diabetes were collected. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, capillary blood glucose and total cholesterol were measured.Results: There were 269 men and 276 women with the mean age of 43.9 years (standard deviation, 11.6 years). Six in ten (62.4%) of them used tobacco in some form (smoking or smokeless), 93.7% did not consume adequate fruits and vegetables (five servings or more), and 7.4% of them had low physical activity. More than 6% were overweight or obese (BMI ≥25kg/m2) and 10% had hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/ 90 mmHg or medication). Capillary blood measurement and history of medication combined provided a prevalence of 3.1% for diabetes while prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (≥240 mg/dL) was 2.9% based on capillary blood cholesterol level alone. Less than half of hypertensive and less than one-tenth diabetes subjects were receiving treatmentfor their respective conditions.Conclusions: Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases risk factorsis fairly high even in thisruralBangladeshi sample. Treatment rate for hypertension and diabetes is quite low. Interventionsshould address lifestyle changes and treatment of diabetes and hypertension.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 126-134

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