Ceramics from Indonesian Underwater Sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-451
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Manguin
Keyword(s):  
Underwater Sites

scholarly journals Making the Invisible Visible: Underwater Malta—A Virtual Museum for Submerged Cultural Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Timmy Gambin ◽  
Kari Hyttinen ◽  
Maja Sausmekat ◽  
John Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Virtual Museum ◽  
Underwater Imaging ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The Public ◽  
3D Photogrammetry ◽  
Underwater Sites

The seabed can be considered as the world’s largest museum, and underwater sites explored and studied so far provide priceless information on human interaction with the sea. In recognition of the importance of this cultural resource, UNESCO, in its 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, determined that objects/sites should be preserved in situ, whilst also advocating for public access and sharing. The implementation of these principles is not without difficulties. Some states have opened up underwater sites to the public—mainly through diving, yet the vast majority of the world’s population does not dive. In Malta, 7000 years of human occupation is reflected in and on the landscape, and recent offshore surveys show that the islands’ long and complex history has also left an indelible mark on the seabed. Besides difficulties related to their protection and management, these sites also present a challenge with regard to sharing and communicating. Recent advances in underwater imaging and processing software have accelerated the development of 3D photogrammetry of submerged sites and the idea for a virtual museum was born. The virtual museum, UnderwaterMalta, was created out of a need to share the plethora of underwater sites located on the seabed of the Maltese Islands. A multitude of digital tools are used to share and communicate these sites, offering visitors a dry dive into submerged sites that would otherwise remain invisible to the vast majority of the public. This paper discusses the basic principle of the sharing of underwater cultural heritage and the difficulties that beset the implementation of such a principle. A detailed explanation and evaluation of the methods used to gather the raw data needed is set in the context of the particular and unique working conditions related to deep water sites. The workings of this paper are based on first-hand experiences garnered through the recording of numerous wrecks over the years and the creation and launch of The Virtual Museum-Underwater Malta—a comprehensive virtual museum specifically built for “displaying” underwater archaeological sites that are otherwise invisible to the general public.

An Examination of Deterioration Products Found on Tin Ingots Excavated from the 14th Century B.C., Late Bronze Age Shipwreck, The Ulu Burun, Near Kas, Turkey

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lipcsei ◽  
Alison Murray ◽  
Reginald Smith ◽  
Mahmut Savas
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Underwater Sites

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the deterioration of tin ingots recovered from a late 14th century B.C. (Late Bronze Age) shipwreck off Ulu Burun (Kas) Turkey. As so little elemental tin has been excavated from underwater sites and preserved to date, the Ulu Burun ingots offer a unique opportunity to study the degradation products of ancient tin artifacts from a natural marine environment. The current investigation had three major objectives: to identify corrosion products; to confirm or refute the presence of ‘tin pest’, which has been asserted as one of the major reasons for the disintegration of the ingots and a topic of much controversy in the conservation and museum communities; and, finally, to contribute to the overall understanding of marine tin. The following instrumental techniques were used to analyze ingot samples: x-ray diffraction, atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The results of the analysis have identified corrosion products that are characteristic of the type of products anticipated on tin objects from a marine environment. The presence of the controversial tin pest disease was confirmed in two of the six samples tested. Sample preparation appears to be a potential factor in the determination of tin pest using XRD.

scholarly journals WHAT WE HAVE LOST FROM WHAT HAVE BEEN DONE: ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE SALVAGED SHIPWRECK CARGOES IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Hutomo Putra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Underwater Sites ◽  
Term Management

The struggling in the ethical issues of submerged underwater sites and underwater cultural heritage have been undertaking in Indonesia for the last two decades. During these 20 years, commercial companies in collaboration with the National Shipwreck Committee recovered and salvaged substantial numbers of material cargoes. Unfortunately, the majority of these operations occurred without the involvement of archaeologists and lack of proper and controlled archaeological methods and excavation techniques. Since 2010, the Indonesian Government has declared a moratorium that temporarily stopped all commercial survey and salvage activities, and prohibits the sale of the artefacts.  Nowadays, more than 190,000 artefacts raised by salvagers are currently stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouses near Jakarta, in Cileungsi, West Java, Indonesia. This study attempts to illustrate the disadvantages of the commercial salvage practices and the auction of salvaged artefacts. This research also discusses some recommendations to contribute to a more ethical system of protection and the long-term management of the Indonesian maritime cultural resources, including its existing collections from salvaged shipwreck sites that are stored at the National Shipwreck Committee warehouse today.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PRODUK WISATA SITUS BAWAH AIR SEBAGAI SALAH SATU WISATA MINAT KHUSUS DI TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Adyanti Putri Ariadi ◽  
Budi Prayitno ◽  
Dimas Wihardyanto
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Underwater Sites ◽  
Descriptive Method

Kepulauan Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN) di Indonesia yang sedang dikembangkan. Keunggulan dari pariwisata di Karimunjawa adalah daya tarik wisata alamnya yang berupa wisata bahari, ekowisata, dan wisata petualangan. Potensi kekayaan bahari di Karimunjawa yang tidak kalah menarik salah satunya berupa peninggalan budaya bawah air. Tempat tenggelamnya kapal dan peninggalan bawah air yang berada di Karimunjawa membuat situs-situs ini berpotensi menjadi alternatif tujuan wisata bawah air khususnya daya tarik wisata minat khusus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan profil produk wisata situs-situs bawah air di Karimunjawa. Secara administratif penelitian ini akan difokuskan berdasarkan batas geografis dari situs-situs bawah air yang berada di Perairan Pulau Karimunjawa (Situs Kapal Genteng dan Kapal Indonoor) dan Perairan Pulau Genting (Situs Seruni dan Situs Genting). Penelitian ini akan mengunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengamatan fisik akan dilakukan pada produk wisata (atraksi, aksesibilitas, akomodasi, fasilitas, service) serta lingkungan pada kawasan situs-situs peninggalan bawah air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs-situs bawah air di Perairan Karimunjawa yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai daya tarik wisata minat khusus adalah Situs Kapal Indonoor dan Situs  Kapal Genteng. Sedangkan untuk Situs Seruni dan Situs Genting masih harus dilakukan studi lebih lanjut karena dengan kondisi produk wisata saat ini kedua situs tersebut belum memungkinkan untuk dijadikan obyek wisata minat khusus.Kata-Kata Kunci: produk wisata, wisata minat khusus, situs bawah air, ANALYSIS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS OF UNDERWATER SITES AS ONE OF SPECIAL INTEREST TOURISM IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARKKarimunjawa Islands are one of the National Tourism Strategic Areas in Indonesia and development of these areas are already underway. Sinking ships and underwater heritage in Karimunjawa make the sites in these areas a potential alternative to underwater tourist destinations, especially for special interest tourism. The purpose of this research is to explain the profile of tourism products underwater sites in Karimunjawa. The research focus was divided based on the geographical boundaries of the underwater sites in the waters of Karimunjawa Island (Genteng and Indonoor Shipwreck Sites) and the waters of Genting Island (Seruni and Genting Sites). This research used a qualitative descriptive method grounded in relevant theories. The physical observation was made on tourism products (attractions, accessibility, accommodation, facilities, and service) and the environment around the sites of underwater relics. Findings of the research suggest that underwater sites which are potential for development as special interest tourism objects are Genteng and Indonoor Shipwreck Sites. As for Seruni and Genting Sites, further research needs to be undertaken because considering the current condition of the tourism products; it does not seem feasible to make both of these sites special interest tourism objectsKeywords: tourism products, special interest tourism, underwater sites, Karimunjawa REFERENCESAdhityatama, S. (2012) Pemodelan Jalur Aktivitas Penyelaman Di Situs USAT Liberty, Tulamben, Bali : Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Arkeologi. Skripsi Sarjana. Departemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.Anonim. (2006). Pedoman Pengelolaan Peninggalan Bawah Air. Direktorat Peninggalan Bawah Air. Jakarta.Dillenia, I, et.al. (2010). Sumberdaya Arkeologi Laut Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata Bahari di Indonesia : Tinjauan Konsep dan Studi Kasus. Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan VI ISOI 2009. Jakarta.Helmi, S. (2009). Potensi Peninggalan Arkeologi Bawah Air di Perairan Pulau Sumatera. Buletin Arkeologi Amoghapasa Edisi 13 Thn. XV/Juni 2009. Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala (BP3). Batusangkar.Jaksic, S, et.al. (2013). Impacts of Artificial Reefs and Diving Tourism. Turizam Journal Vol. 7, Issue 4, 155-165. Department of Geography, Tourism, and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad. Serbia.Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi. (2009). Melacak Budaya Bahari di Kepulauan Karimunjawa Tahap II. Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta.Noviandra, G, P. (2014). Strategi Pelestarian Situs Kapal Tenggelam Indonor di Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Skripsi Sarjana. Departemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.Rahmat, K, D. (2015). Potensi Aktivitas Arkeologi Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Minat Khusus Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pengalaman Wisatawan di Kawasan Prambanan. Tesis, MPAR, Universitas Gadjah Mada : Yogyakarta.Ramadhan, Ahmad Surya. (2011). Dokumentasi Pribadi. Yogyakarta.Tanudirjo, D, A. (2001). Wisata Arkeologi, antara Ilmu dan Hiburan. Jurnal Penelitian “Memediasi Masa Lalu : Spektrum Arkeologi dan Pariwisata”. Lephasi. Makassar.Yoeti, O, A. (1997). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Pariwisata. Pradnya Paramita : Jakarta.Yussubrasta, D, et.al. (2012). Himpunan Data Cagar Budaya Bawah Air Indonesia. Direktorat Pelestarian Cagar Budaya dan Permuseuman. Jakarta.

The State of Florida Paleoindian Studies Early Paleoindian Potentials on the Continental Shelf

2019 ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Ervan G. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Underwater Sites

Especially given the debate over the timing and means of prehistoric human colonization of the Western Hemisphere, the search for submerged archaeological sites on the sea floor is critical. This chapter reflects on previous chapters in addressing how future researches might find these underwater sites by using methodologies that are both geologically and anthropologically theoretical, including utilizing big data and emerging technologies to examine the sea floor.

Maritime Archaeology, the Dive Community, and Heritage Tourism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. Cohn ◽  
Joanne M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
General Public ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Underwater Cultural Heritage ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Underwater Sites

In modern times, the development of new survey, navigation, diving, and remotely operated vehicle technologies have made the location, exploration, and excavation of historic shipwrecks feasible to the general public. The debate on the value of underwater cultural heritage is recent and the issues of protecting underwater sites are now accepted. The diving community has been engaged in this debate for several decades, and a wide variety of viewpoints have developed. Museums focusing on underwater cultural heritage serve as platforms to foster discussions on submerged cultural resource protection. As any archaeological site, shipwrecks excite the general public. While museums provide a venue to share the story of the wrecks, or the historical contexts in which they existed, there are multiple ways to share this information with the public that will allow them a first-hand experience with a shipwreck. This notion has given rise to the concept of heritage tourism.

Heritage at sea: proposals for the better protection of British archaeological sites underwater

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (243) ◽  
pp. 390-400
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Ancient Monuments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Underwater Sites

The protection of archaeological sites on land and underwaterArchaeological sites underwater in the UK are in urgent need of better protection. The present legislation protects only a handful of sites, and serves unintentionally to encourage the dispersal and sale of historic artefacts from underwater sites. The principle underlying the proposals set out in this paper is that archaeological sites of national importance underwater should receive no less protection than those on land.Current practice for the care of archaeological sites on land has evolved over a hundred years, since the Ancient Monuments Act of 1882. The situation underwater is very different. Special protective legislation, which goes back only to the 1973 Protection of Wrecks Act, is hampered by the absence of a system for the identification, characterization, and charting of historic wreck sites of national importance, and for securing their preservation. Moreover, underwater sites other than wrecks are not covered by the Act. Although, under the provisions of the Act, the Secretary of State for Transport is advised by an Advisory Committee on Historic Wreck Sites, there is no executive archaeological agency comparable to those which exist on land to identify sites, to provide advice, and to channel resources for the preservation, management, and recording of underwater sites which are threatened by destruction. An Archaeological Diving Unit (ADU), created in 1986, advises the Department of Transport on a contractual basis; however, its terms of activity are severely limited, and it consists of just one full-time individual and two seasonal staff. Even the means to effect physical protection of sites, other than some marker buoying of wrecks designated under the 1973 Act, do not exist.

scholarly journals PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SITUS ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR DI KALIMANTAN (RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN KALIMANTAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
NFn Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Interpretive Research ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Great Rivers ◽  
Stake Holder ◽  
Underwater Sites

Kondisi lingkungan fisik Kalimantan yang terdiri atas dataran rendah berawa dan hutan lebat menyulitkan akses jalan darat. Puluhan sungai besar dan ribuan sungai kecil membelah daratan Kalimantan, sehingga sungai merupakan alat transportasi utama di Kalimantan sejak zaman prasejarah hingga pertengahan abad ke-20 Masehi. Migrasi, ekspedisi militer, penjelajahan, penelitian, kegiatan misionaris, dan perdagangan, dilakukan dengan menggunakan kapal atau perahu menyusuri sungai besar hingga anak-anak sungai ke arah pedalaman. Dalam perjalanannya, banyak kapal/perahu yang mengalami masalah di perjalanan hingga akhirnya tenggelam dan kini menjadi benda yang mengandung nilai penting bagi sejarah dan pengetahuan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja situs tinggalan bawah air di Kalimantan yang sudah diteliti serta bagaimana upaya pelestarian dan pengembangannya. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif interpretatif dengan penalaran induktif. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil penelitian Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan pada tahun 1997, 2006, dan 2012 yang dilakukan dengan metode survei dan ekskavasi. Ada tiga objek bangkai kapal tenggelam yang pernah di teliti oleh Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan, yaitu kapal dagang Belanda di Sungai Martapura Banjarmasin, kapal Onrust  di hulu Sungai Barito, dan bangkai kapal di Sungai Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian arkeologi bawah air terkesan berhenti, sedangkan pelestarian dan pengembangan ketiga objek kapal tenggelam itu hingga kini masih sebatas wacana. Tidak optimalnya penelitian dan pengembangan hasil penelitian karena keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yang fokus ke arkeologi bawah air, serta kurangnya koordinasi antara Pemda dan stake holder untuk pelestarian dan pengembangannya. Wacana pengangkatan kapal tenggelam penting segera ditindaklanjuti, terutama yang bernilai sejarah untuk dimanfaatakan sebagai objek wisata dan bukti perjuangan nenek moyang. Kalimantan's physical environmental conditions are consisting of lowland marshy and dense forests,it make difficult to be accessed by roads. Dozens of great rivers and thousands of small rivers divide the mainland of Borneo, so the river is the main means of transportation in Borneo since prehistory times until the mid-20th century. The migrations, military expeditions, exploration, research, missionary activities, and trades were carried out by boat/ships down the great river to the small rivers to inland. In its journey, many boats or ships are having trouble on the way until it finally sank and now become objects that contain important values for history and knowledge. This article aims to find out what Borneo underwater sites have been studied and how to conserve and develop them. This article uses descriptive interpretive research method with inductive reasoning. The datas used are the archaeological reaserches of Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan in 1997, 2006, and 2012 conducted by survey and excavation method. There are three shipwrecks have been researched, that are in the Martapura River Banjarmasin, Onrust ships in the upstream Barito River, and shipwrecks in the Kapuas River Central Kalimantan. The research of underwater archaeology seems as if stoped, while the preservation and development of these three objects of shipwrecks are still the discourse. The research is not optimal due to the limited human resources whose focus on underwater archeology, and the lack of coordination between the local government and the stakeholders for its preservation and development. The discourse on the appointment of shipwrecks must be followed up immediately, especially those which have historical values to be used as tourist objects and monuments of ancestral struggle.

Maritime Trade in the Philippines during the Early Colonial Period (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries CE)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby C. Orillaneda
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underwater Sites ◽  
Galleon Trade

The arrival of the Spanish naval expedition in the Philippines in 1521 CE transformed the archipelago from a series of small and fragmented ports and polities engaged in Southeast Asian intra-regional trade into a locus of a maritime trade network on a global scale. Manila became an entrepôt in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries due to the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade, which ran for 250 years and linked the eastern and western worlds through the exchange of tangible trading commodities and technology as well as ideas, beliefs, and traditions. This chapter provides a brief historical background of the maritime trade in the Philippines, with special focus on the Manila galleon trade. It also provides a summary of the excavation results of Philippine underwater sites that have been dated to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The shipwrecks include the Manila galleons San Diego, Nuestra Señora de la Vida, Encarnación, and San José as well as other shipwrecks: Española, Marinduque, Royal Captain Shoal, and San Isidro. These vessels carried both peoples of different nationalities and a wide range of trading and utilitarian goods, and they provided valuable information on the diversity and complexity of maritime trade in the Philippines at this time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document