Faculty Opinions recommendation of Therapeutic approaches to control tissue repair and fibrosis: Extracellular matrix as a game changer.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina Pihlajaniemi ◽  
Ritva Heljasvaara
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Game Changer

scholarly journals Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Andrea Gila-Diaz ◽  
Gloria Herranz Carrillo ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
David Ramiro-Cortijo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Unresolved inflammation plays a critical role in cardiovascular diseases development. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs), derived from long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), enhances the host defense, by resolving the inflammation and tissue repair. In addition, SPMs also have anti-inflammatory properties. These physiological effects depend on the availability of LCPUFAs precursors and cellular metabolic balance. Most of the studies have focused on the impact of SPMs in adult cardiovascular health and diseases. In this review, we discuss LCPUFAs metabolism, SPMs, and their potential effect on cardiovascular health and diseases primarily focusing in neonates. A better understanding of the role of these SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases in neonates could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular dysfunction.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Neelam Shah ◽  
Bruna Zanetti ◽  
Marco Maugeri ◽  
Renata Silvestre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Scar Formation: Cellular Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ian A. Darby ◽  
Alexis Desmoulière
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Repair ◽  
Cell Quiescence ◽  
Key Players

AbstractFibroblasts are key players in the maintenance of skin homeostasis and in orchestrating physiological tissue repair. Fibroblasts secrete and are embedded in a sophisticated extracellular matrix, and a complex and interactive dialogue exists between fibroblasts and their microenvironment. In addition to the secretion of the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and are thus able to remodel the extracellular matrix. Myofibroblasts and their microenvironment form a network that evolves during tissue repair. This network has reciprocal actions affecting cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell quiescence, or apoptosis and has actions on growth factor bioavailability by binding, sequestration, and activation. Mechanical forces also play a role in regulating the myofibroblast phenotype as cells are subjected to mechanical stress and mechanical signaling is activated. Innervation is also involved in both skin repair processes and differentiation of myofibroblasts. In pathological situations, for example, in excessive scarring, the dialogue between myofibroblasts and their microenvironment can be altered or disrupted, leading to defects in tissue repair or to pathological scarring, such as that seen in hypertrophic scars. Better understanding of the intimate dialogue between myofibroblasts and their local microenvironment is needed and will be important in aiding the identification of new therapeutic targets and discovery of new drugs to treat or prevent aberrant tissue repair and scarring.

Evaluation of decellularization of porcine pericardium

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
KM. Souza ◽  
ALJ. Delgado ◽  
AJA. Santos ◽  
ML. Cabrera ◽  
MA. Miglino
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Porcine Pericardium

The porcine pericardium has been used for its great potential as a biological scaffold, produced from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and used mainly in surgeries reconstructive, tissue repair and surgical procedures for corneal reconstruction. The adequate preservation and biocompatibility of the pericardial ECM structure during the decellularization process is fundamental, the biggest challenge being the total removal of cellular material without damage to the structure. All agents used in decellularization change the composition and cause some damage to the ultrastructure. Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (SDS) is the most effective for removing cell residue from tissue compared to other detergents, which is also the most used for the decellularization process. This work aimed to test 3 different concentrations of SDS, in order to assess the concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1%) that best preserves the structure of the ECM pericardial. In addition, we listed the type of daily wash to make the process more effective (only distilled water or PBS 1x), in order to assess the concentration capable of decellularizing the tissue and better preserving the pericardial ECM. The concentration of SDS at 1%, when compared to the lowest concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5%, was more effective in the decellularization process, however it did not obtain good results in the preservation of the ECM. Regarding daily washing, there was no difference in the frequency assessed in the experimental groups.

scholarly journals Targeting the Host Response: Can We Manipulate Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity to Improve Influenza Virus Infection Outcomes?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Pedrina ◽  
John Stambas
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Host Immune Responses

Each year, hundreds of thousands of individuals succumb to influenza virus infection and its associated complications. Several preventative and therapeutic options may be applied in order to preserve life. These traditional approaches include administration of seasonal influenza vaccines, pharmacological interventions in the form of antiviral drug therapy and supportive clinical approaches including mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While these measures have shown varying degrees of success, antiviral therapies and vaccination are constrained due to ongoing antigenic drift. Moreover, clinical approaches can also be associated with complications and drawbacks. These factors have led to the exploration and development of more sophisticated and nuanced therapeutic approaches involving host proteins. Advances in immunotherapy in the cancer field or administration of steroids following virus infection have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting host immune responses. We have now reached a point where we can consider the contribution of other “non-traditional” host components such as the extracellular matrix in immunity. Herein, we will review current, established therapeutic interventions and consider novel therapeutic approaches involving the extracellular matrix.

scholarly journals Further structural characterization of ovine forestomach matrix and multi-layered extracellular matrix composites for soft tissue repair

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110457
Author(s):  
Matthew J Smith ◽  
Sandi G Dempsey ◽  
Robert W Veale ◽  
Claudia G Duston-Fursman ◽  
Chloe A F Rayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Soft Tissue Repair ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Biological Functionality ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)–based biomaterials are of great clinical utility in soft tissue repair applications due to their regenerative properties. Multi-layered dECM devices have been developed for clinical indications where additional thickness and biomechanical performance are required. However, traditional approaches to the fabrication of multi-layered dECM devices introduce additional laminating materials or chemical modifications of the dECM that may impair the biological functionality of the material. Using an established dECM biomaterial, ovine forestomach matrix, a novel method for the fabrication of multi-layered dECM constructs has been developed, where layers are bonded via a physical interlocking process without the need for additional bonding materials or detrimental chemical modification of the dECM. The versatility of the interlocking process has been demonstrated by incorporating a layer of hyaluronic acid to create a composite material with additional biological functionality. Interlocked composite devices including hyaluronic acid showed improved in vitro bioactivity and moisture retention properties.

scholarly journals Targeting Macrophages as a Therapeutic Option in Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gracia-Hernandez ◽  
Eduardo M. Sotomayor ◽  
Alejandro Villagra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Interferon Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Pathogen Clearance

Immune cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are characterized by their diversity, plasticity, and variety of functions. Among them, macrophages play a central role in antiviral responses, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Macrophages can be reprogrammed by environmental cues, thus changing their phenotype during an antiviral immune response as the viral infection progresses. While M1-like macrophages are essential for the initial inflammatory responses, M2-like macrophages are critical for tissue repair after pathogen clearance. Numerous reports have evaluated the detrimental effects that coronaviruses, e.g., HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have on the antiviral immune response and macrophage functions. In this review, we have addressed the breadth of macrophage phenotypes during the antiviral response and provided an overview of macrophage-coronavirus interactions. We also discussed therapeutic approaches to target macrophage-induced complications, currently under evaluation in clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Additionally, we have proposed alternative approaches that target macrophage recruitment, interferon signaling, cytokine storm, pulmonary fibrosis, and hypercoagulability.

scholarly journals Pathobiochemistry of arthrofibrotic remodeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0015
Author(s):  
Isabel Faust ◽  
Philipp Traut ◽  
Cornelius Knappe ◽  
Doris Hendig
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Proteoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

Aims and Objectives: Arthrofibrosis is defined as painful impairment of joint flexibility due to fibrotic tissue remodeling after joint trauma or surgery. The incidence of arthrofibrosis after knee replacement surgery is 5 to 10%. Although conventional therapeutic approaches as for instance mobilization and physiotherapy are applied, an effective and causative therapeutic regimen is not known. Materials and Methods: To characterize arthrofibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix, to develop new therapeutic approaches and to define diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, understanding of biochemical principles is urgently required. Fibrotic remodeling was described in several tissues, whereas synovial fibrosis is one of the least investigated fibrotic disorders. Nevertheless, molecular key events in fibrosis seem to be the same and are initiated by exogenic or endogenic tissue damage and differentiation of resident fibroblasts of the connective tissue to myofibroblasts. Known inductors of myofibroblast differentiation are fibrotic growth factors, which are secreted by platelets, damaged tissue and inflammatory cells, as well as mechanical strain. Research studies concerning cardiac fibrosis in tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy also define emotional stress and sympathicotonic destabilization as profibrotic stressors. Myofibroblasts generate contractile forces and synthesize extracellular matrix components, so that scar tissue accumulates. While myofibroblasts disappear by apoptosis in physiological wound healing, they persist in fibrosis. Results: Recently, we could demonstrate that increased expression of human xylosyltransferase (XT)-I, an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in proteoglycan glycosylation, is linked to abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. Serum XT activity reflects proteoglycan synthesis rate and is known as fibrosis biomarker in liver fibrosis or scleroderma. Our data also indicate that XT-I is a cellular key mediator of arthrofibrosis. However, we suggest that molecular changes based on arthrofibrosis are, due to local restriction of the affected joint by the blood-synovial-barrier, not detectable in human serum. Currently, we study synovial XT activity of arthrofibrosis patients and controls in a multicenter study. Conclusion: In summary, we give insights into the complex pathobiochemistry of arthrofibrosis as well as current research projects. A deeper characterization of the involved mechanisms might not only contribute to control and inhibit fibrotic remodeling by interfering with components of fibrotic signal cascades but also to establish new therapeutic strategies.

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