Identification of cow’s and buffalo’s milk and dairy product using a DNA-based method

Aim of our study was the optimization of a DNA method, that is appropriate for reliable, low cost identification of animal species in milk and dairy product (cheese) and to determine the ratio of species. Mitochondrial DNA was used in our work to analyse buffalo/cow milk mixtures contained different ratio of bovine milk such as 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15% (v/v%). Buffalo cheese were produced using buffalo and cows milk (0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 15% – v/v% cows milk in buffalo milk). In case of milk mixtures, using species specific primers, the PCR assay showed a 0.5 v/v% detection limit. Cattle, in the buffalo/cows milk 99.9/0.1 v/v% mixture, was not detectable. The identification of buffalo and cows DNA in cheese was successful. The intensity of eletroforetic PCR fragment indicated the increase of cow milk ratio in milk and cheese samples as well.

Download Full-text

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk and associated risk factors among dairy farms of Punjab, India

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2021.2697 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

H. Thukral ◽

P. Dhaka ◽

J. Singh Bedi ◽

R. Singh Aulakh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

European Union ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Mean Concentration

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk and milk products may pose a major public health concern. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of AFM1 in bovine milk across all districts of Punjab, India and to identify the associated animal and farm level risk factors. A total of 402 milk samples (266 cow milk and 136 buffalo milk) were analysed using commercial ELISA and representative samples were confirmed using HPLC-FLD. The results revealed that 56.2 and 13.4% of the milk samples exceeded the maximum levels of the European Union, i.e. 0.05 μg/l and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), i.e. 0.5 μg/l for AFM1 in milk, respectively. On analysis of species variation, buffalo milk (prevalence: 56.6%; mean concentration: 0.42±0.9 μg/l) was found to have higher AFM1 levels than cow milk (prevalence: 56.0%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.3 μg/l), with statistically significant difference between mean concentrations (P<0.01) and non-significant difference between AFM1 prevalence (P=0.91). Furthermore, milk from commercial dairy farms (prevalence: 64.7%; mean concentration: 0.34±0.65 μg/l) was found to be more contaminated than from household dairy establishments (prevalence: 47.8%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.65 μg/l). The risk factors ‘above average milk yield/day’ (odds ratio (OR): 2.4) and ‘poor animal hygiene’ (OR: 1.9) were identified at animal level, and ‘intensive dairy farming’ (OR: 3.1) and ‘animal feed without aflatoxin binder’ (OR: 4.7) as farm level risk factors for AFM1 excretion above maximum levels of European Union in milk. Among cow breeds, the milk from ‘non-descript’ breed (OR: 11.5) was found to be most contaminated with AFM1 and the least from Jersey breed (OR: 1.0). The present study highlighted the presence of AFM1 in milk samples; therefore, regular monitoring of AFM1 in milk is required so that high risk regions and associated risk factors can be addressed appropriately.

Download Full-text

Traditional Sri Lankan fermented buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk gel (Meekiri): technology, microbiology and quality characteristics

Journal of Ethnic Foods ◽

10.1186/s42779-021-00105-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasitha Priyashantha ◽

C. S. Ranadheera ◽

D. M. D. Rasika ◽

Janak K. Vidanarachchi

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Food Culture ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Sri Lankan

AbstractMeekiri (sometimes also known as Mee-Deekiri); fermented buffalo milk gel is a deep-rooted dairy product in Sri Lankan food culture and the production of Meekiri plays an integral part in the livelihood of rural farming. Meekiri consumption is widespread irrespective of geographic boundaries, across the cultural and/or ethnic communities. In Sri Lanka, buffalo milk is predominantly used in producing Meekiri, where production has been specialized in various geographic areas in the country, associated with major buffalo farming regions. Physicochemical and microbiological quality attributes are apparent to differ in Meekiri according to varying production regions, processing techniques and storage conditions. The mouthfeel and taste of Meekiri are widely accepted to be thicker and creamier with a pleasant note and is whiter in colour compared to fermented cow milk gel/yoghurt. Since Meekiri production is localized in Sri Lanka and available as traditional know-how at the primary production level, up-to-date comprehensive scientific literature that accounts for processing and detailed product quality characteristics is lacking. Hence, this review evaluates and outlines updated information about the Meekiri production, associated buffalo farming systems, quality characteristics of Meekiri including physicochemical, sensorial and microbiological aspects in the final product.

Download Full-text

Sensory acceptance and physico-chemical composition of mixed minas frescal cheese

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-48217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Bruna Samara dos Santos Rekowsky ◽

Géssica Cordeiro de Araújo ◽

Nelson de Carvalho Delfino ◽

Marion Pereira da Costa ◽

Thadeu Mariniello Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Consumer Market ◽

Total Solids ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Hedonic Scale ◽

Milk Mixture

Buffalo milk presents higher proteins and lipids concentration than cow milk, which provides a better yield in cheese-making production and products with considerable sensory approval. However, buffalo milk is not regularly available throughout the year due to different handling conditions. Thus, to guarantee the supply of buffalo milk dairy products during the year, the addition of bovine milk is an alternative. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effect of a buffalo and bovine milk mixture for the Minas Frescal cheese elaboration by physico-chemical, sensory analysis and obtaining yield. The raw material was analysed for the parameters of acidity, density, fat, total solids and solid-not-fat. There were 3 Minas Frescal cheeses elaborated from 3 formulations: 100% buffalo milk, 100% bovine milk and the mixture of 50% of each milk. The cheeses were submitted to the Gravimetric and Gerber methods to obtain values of moisture and fat, as well as to obtain, indirectly, fat in dry matter. For bovine and buffalo milk, the parameters evaluated (acidity, density, fat, total solids and solids-not-fat) complied with Brazilian legislation and parameters described in the literature. For the bovine, mixed and buffalo fresh cheeses, values were obtained, respectively, for moisture (74.04, 60.93 and 63.61), fat in dry matter (44.35, 42.23 and 46.03) and cheese yield (27, 20.8 and 24.2), indicating a higher yield for the bovine Minas Frescal cheese and higher fat content for the buffalo cheese. The overall acceptance of the mixed Minas Frescal cheese was significantly superior to the bovine and buffalo cheese. The parameters of colour, appearance, texture, flavour and overall acceptance were above 8 points in the hedonic scale (‘moderately liked’ to ‘extremely liked’), and the aroma attribute scored was above 7 (‘I enjoyed regularly’ to ‘moderately liked’). Therefore, the elaboration of Minas Frescal cheese from the mixture of 2 matrices (buffalo and bovine milk) demonstrated technological viability with the potential to meet the demands of the consumer market.

Download Full-text

Detection of cow milk paneer in mixed/buffalo milk paneer through conventional species specific Polymerase Chain Reaction

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.9491 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Tanmay Hazra ◽

Vivek Sharma ◽

Rekha Sharma ◽

S. De ◽

Sumit Arora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Buffalo Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Market Demand ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Mt Dna ◽

Milk Adulteration ◽

D Loop ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Species Specific

Due to higher market demand of buffalo milk paneer, lower price cow milk is often adulterated with higher cost buffalo milk for preparation of paneer. Till date no rapid technique is available in market to ensure that paneer is made from buffalo milk. Currently a PCR based method has been developed to authenticate the buffalo milk paneer. DNA was isolated from paneer by DNeasy Mericon food kit. A set of bovine specific primers (P1) targeting D-loop (displacement loop) of mt- DNA was selected and standardized to amplify cow DNA resulted 126bp amplicon. Using this PCR based approach even upto 1% level of cow milk adulteration in buffalo milk paneer could be detected.

Download Full-text

Biochemical characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk lysozyme

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029903216198 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 467-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Subhadra Priyadarshini ◽

Vinod K Kansal

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Stage Of Lactation

Lysozyme, a low-molecular weight basic protein, is an important component of the antibacterial system in milk. Lysozyme activity is higher in buffalo milk (60±3·9×10−3 units/ml) than in bovine milk (29·1±1·5×10−3 units/ml). Buffalo colostrum contains five-times more lysozyme activity than mature milk (Priyadarshini & Kansal, 2002a). Lysozyme activity in buffalo milk is not influenced by the parity of animal or stage of lactation, but it increases during extreme weather (winter and summer). Lysozyme in buffalo milk is more stable than in cow milk during storage and heat treatment. A sharp increase in milk lysozyme has been observed in buffaloes with sub-clinical mastitis (Priyadarshini & Kansal, 2002a).

Download Full-text

PENGARUH KEMASAN TERHADAP KUALITAS DADIH SUSU SAPI

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v35i2.596 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Miskiyah (Miskiyah) ◽

Wisnu Broto

Keyword(s):

Dairy Product ◽

Total Solid ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Packaging Material ◽

Storage Life ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Titratable Acid ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

And Storage

Dadih is a traditional dairy product obtained from a fermentation of buffalo milk and usually packed using bamboo. The usage of bamboo for dadih packaging has limitation in transportation and storage life. This study aimed to examine the effect of packaging material to dadih quality produced from cow milk during storage. Experimental design used at this study was Completely Randomized Design with Factorial pattern (7 x 7). The first factor is packaging material that are bamboo; cup plastic pp; flexypack packaging; clay; flexypack packaging (with evacuation from bamboo); clay (with evacuation from bamboo); cup plastic pp (with evacuation from bamboo). The second factor is storage time (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days). Result showed that best packaging to cow milk dadih is flexypack and cup plastic pp. Cow milk dadih that was packed in flexypack and cup plastic pp had storage life up to 24 days at cold temperature (refrigerator). From the perspective of economic, cup plastic pp packaging showed most efficient packaging. Characteristic of cow milk dadih packaged in cup plastic pp were total of titratable acid 1,60%; pH 3,88; viscocity 351,43 cPs; total solid 14,75%; water content 85,25%; ash content 0,90%; protein content 2,43%; fat content 3,68%; total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at 8 x 1011 CFUs/g. Total LAB at dadih packaged in other kinds of packaging were >108 CFUs/ml. Organoleptic test showed that cup plastic pp packaging had excellence in tidiness attribute and consumption amenity. Meanwhile, curd of dadih packaged in bamboo and flexypack had excellent at color and aroma. Clay packaging had excellence in mouthfell and texture. In general, the first priority of dadih choosen by panelist was cow milk dadih packed in clay packaging, bamboo treatment to flexypack packaging, and bamboo treatment to cup plastic pp.(Keyword: Dadih, Packaging, Quality)

Download Full-text

miR-21-5p and miR-30a-5p are identical in human and bovine, have similar isomiR distribution, and cannot be used to identify xenomiR uptake from cow milk

10.1101/275834 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bastian Fromm ◽

Juan Pablo Tosar ◽

Yin Lu ◽

Marc K. Halushka ◽

Kenneth W. Witwer

Keyword(s):

Bovine Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Mirna Regulation ◽

Post Processing ◽

Precursor Molecule ◽

Feeding Study ◽

Technical Artifact ◽

Species Specific ◽

Specific Sequences ◽

Annotation Errors

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are often highly conserved across species, but species-specific sequences are known. In addition, miRNA “isomiRs” arise from the same precursor molecule but differ in post-processing length and modification, usually at the 3’ end. A recently published feeding study reported the intriguing result that two bovine milk-specific miRNAs were taken up into human circulation after ingestion of bovine milk. Unfortunately, this interpretation is based on annotation errors in a public microRNA database. Reanalysis using databses including the MirGeneDB database reveals that the miRNAs in question, miR-21-5p and miR-30a-5p, arise from 100% identical 5’ precursor sequences in human and bovine, and the putative bovine-specific isomiRs appear to be depleted, not enriched, in bovine milk. Thus, enrichment of these isomiRs in human blood is inconsistent with uptake of xenomiRs and likely betrays endogenous miRNA regulation in response to diet or technical artifact.

Download Full-text

A Simple and Reliable Single Tube Septuple PCR Assay for Simultaneous Identification of Seven Meat Species

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1083

Author(s):

Zhendong Cai ◽

Song Zhou ◽

Qianqian Liu ◽

Hui Ma ◽

Xinyi Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Animal Species ◽

Meat Product ◽

Meat Products ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Meat Species ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Species Specific ◽

Simultaneous Identification

Multiplex PCR methods have been frequently used for authentication of meat product adulteration. Through screening of new species-specific primers designed based on the mitochondrial DNA sequences, a septuple PCR method is ultimately developed and optimized to simultaneously detect seven species including turkey (110 bp), goose (194 bp), pig (254 bp), sheep (329 bp), beef (473 bp), chicken (612 bp) and duck (718 bp) in one reaction. The proposed method has been validated to be specific, sensitive, robust and inexpensive. Taken together, the developed septuple PCR assay is reliable and efficient, not only to authenticate animal species in commercial meat products, but also easily feasible in a general laboratory without special infrastructures.

Download Full-text

The Role of Bovine and Non-Bovine Milk in Cardiometabolic Health: Should We Raise the “Baa”?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020290 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Jack Penhaligan ◽

Sally D. Poppitt ◽

Jennifer L. Miles-Chan

Keyword(s):

Animal Studies ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Milk Product ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

Sheep Milk ◽

Randomised Controlled

Although causality is yet to be confirmed, a considerable volume of research has explored the relationships between cow milk consumption, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Contrastingly, it has not been comprehensively examined whether milk of non-bovine origin can provide cardiometabolic protection. This narrative review outlines the marked differences in macronutrient composition, particularly protein and lipid content, and discusses how whole milk product (and individual milk ingredients) from different species could impact cardiometabolic health. There is some data, although primarily from compositional analyses, animal studies, and acute clinical trials, that non-bovine milk (notably sheep and goat milk) could be a viable substitute to cow milk for the maintenance, or enhancement, of cardiometabolic health. With a high content of medium-chain triglycerides, conjugated linoleic acid, leucine, and essential minerals, sheep milk could assist in the prevention of metabolic-related disorders. Similarly, albeit with a lower content of such functional compounds relative to sheep milk, goat and buffalo milk could be plausible counterparts to cow milk. However, the evidence required to generate nutritional recommendations for ‘non-bovine milk’ is currently lacking. Longer-term randomised controlled trials must assess how the bioactive ingredients of different species’ milks collectively influence biomarkers of, and subsequently incidence of, cardiometabolic health.

Download Full-text

Effectual Gold Nanoprobe Sensor for Screening Cow Milk Adulteration in Goat Milk—Comparison With Conventional PCR

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n5p41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Jose Manuel Llopis Ortiz ◽

Christos Tsouknidas ◽

Sophie Pytel ◽

Spiridon Papatheodorou ◽

Despina Vougiouklaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Low Cost ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Conventional Pcr ◽

Characteristic Peak ◽

Detection Level ◽

Milk Adulteration ◽

Gold Nanoprobe

Different methods have been used to detect milk adulteration, but in recent years the use of nanomaterials has been introduced as an interesting tool, due to their optical properties. A gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe application was developed in order to evaluate milk adulteration. The methodology relies on the colorimetric differentiation and the participation profiles of the hybridization DNA sequence with the AuNPs. Various concentrations, from 0.01 (traces) to 50%, of cows’ milk in goats’ milk samples were prepared for DNA extraction, further identification with the AuNPs and comparison with a conventional PCR. Also, a total of 40 dairy products from goat milk, commonly consumed in Greece, were tested. Negative and goat reaction mixtures showed a purplish coloured solution with a peak at > 570 nm, while samples containing bovine DNA had an absorbance closer to the characteristic peak of the AuNPs at 520-525 nm. Presence of bovine milk was detected even at traces level, achieving a detection level comparable to those achieved by conventional PCR. The use of AuNPs in milk products, provides a low-cost and easy-to-perform method and offers the possibility to detect fraudulent practices in various food matrices.

Download Full-text