The Application of UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imaging to Estimate Crop Traits in Maize Inbred Lines

Crop traits such as aboveground biomass (AGB), total leaf area (TLA), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and thousand kernel weight (TWK) are important indices in maize breeding. How to extract multiple crop traits at the same time is helpful to improve the efficiency of breeding. Compared with digital and multispectral images, the advantages of high spatial and spectral resolution of hyperspectral images derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are expected to accurately estimate the similar traits among breeding materials. This study is aimed at exploring the feasibility of estimating AGB, TLA, SPAD value, and TWK using UAV hyperspectral images and at determining the optimal models for facilitating the process of selecting advanced varieties. The successive projection algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to screen sensitive bands for the maize traits. Partial least squares (PLS) and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to estimate the maize traits. The results can be summarized as follows: The sensitive bands for various traits were mainly concentrated in the near-red and red-edge regions. The sensitive bands screened by CARS were more abundant than those screened by SPA. For AGB, TLA, and SPAD value, the optimal combination was the CARS-PLS method. Regarding the TWK, the optimal combination was the CARS-RF method. Compared with the model built by RF, the model built by PLS was more stable. This study provides guiding significance and practical value for main trait estimation of maize inbred lines by UAV hyperspectral images at the plot level.

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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a set of tropical maize inbred lines from a public breeding program in Brazil

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-08127-7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sirlene Viana de Faria ◽

Leandro Tonello Zuffo ◽

Wemerson Mendonça Rezende ◽

Diego Gonçalves Caixeta ◽

Hélcio Duarte Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Tropical Maize ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

The Public ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Abstract Background The characterization of genetic diversity and population differentiation for maize inbred lines from breeding programs is of great value in assisting breeders in maintaining and potentially increasing the rate of genetic gain. In our study, we characterized a set of 187 tropical maize inbred lines from the public breeding program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) in Brazil based on 18 agronomic traits and 3,083 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers to evaluate whether this set of inbred lines represents a panel of tropical maize inbred lines for association mapping analysis and investigate the population structure and patterns of relationships among the inbred lines from UFV for better exploitation in our maize breeding program. Results Our results showed that there was large phenotypic and genotypic variation in the set of tropical maize inbred lines from the UFV maize breeding program. We also found high genetic diversity (GD = 0.34) and low pairwise kinship coefficients among the maize inbred lines (only approximately 4.00 % of the pairwise relative kinship was above 0.50) in the set of inbred lines. The LD decay distance over all ten chromosomes in the entire set of maize lines with r2 = 0.1 was 276,237 kb. Concerning the population structure, our results from the model-based STRUCTURE and principal component analysis methods distinguished the inbred lines into three subpopulations, with high consistency maintained between both results. Additionally, the clustering analysis based on phenotypic and molecular data grouped the inbred lines into 14 and 22 genetic divergence clusters, respectively. Conclusions Our results indicate that the set of tropical maize inbred lines from UFV maize breeding programs can comprise a panel of tropical maize inbred lines suitable for a genome-wide association study to dissect the variation of complex quantitative traits in maize, mainly in tropical environments. In addition, our results will be very useful for assisting us in the assignment of heterotic groups and the selection of the best parental combinations for new breeding crosses, mapping populations, mapping synthetic populations, guiding crosses that target highly heterotic and yielding hybrids, and predicting untested hybrids in the public breeding program UFV.

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Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2010-021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 931-942 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. Badu-Apraku ◽

R. Akinwale

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Population Improvement ◽

Hybrid Development ◽

Low Nitrogen

Badu-Apraku, B. and Akinwale, R. O. 2011. Identification of early-maturing maize inbred lines based on multiple traits under drought and low N environments for hybrid development and population improvement. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 931–942. Drought and low nitrogen stresses are major limiting factors to maize (Zea mays L.) production and productivity in West and Central Africa. Studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at three locations in Nigeria under induced drought stress and low nitrogen conditions. The objective was to identify superior inbred lines for use as parents for hybrid production and for introgression into maize breeding populations. The inbreds TZEI 17, TZEI 13, TZEI 23, TZEI 2, TZEI 3, TZEI 22, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, and TZEI 8 were identified as the most promising parents under drought stress. Under low N, TZEI 7, TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 4, TZEI 10, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 were selected. TZEI 11, TZEI 2, TZEI 8, and TZEI 22 had combined tolerance to drought stress and low N and could be used as germplasm sources for introgression of tolerance genes as well as for the development of drought and/or low-N-tolerant hybrids. Under drought stress, TZEI 17, TZEI 3, TZEI 23, and TZEI 13 were the closest to the ideal genotype, while TZEI 7, TZEI 2, and TZEI 11 were the closest under low-N conditions.

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Agronomic and molecular evaluation of maize inbred lines for drought tolerance

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2016144-9116 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e0711 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sanja Mikić ◽

Miroslav Zorić ◽

Dušan Stanisavljević ◽

Ankica Kondić-Špika ◽

Ljiljana Brbaklić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Field Trials ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Drought is a severe threat to maize yield stability in Serbia and other temperate Southeast European countries occurring occasionally but with significant yield losses. The development of resilient genotypes that perform well under drought is one of the main focuses of maize breeding programmes. To test the tolerance of newly developed elite maize inbred lines to drought stress, field trials for grain yield performance and anthesis silk interval (ASI) were set in drought stressed environments in 2011 and 2012. Inbred lines performing well under drought, clustered into a group with short ASI and a smaller group with long ASI, were considered as a potential source for tolerance. The former contained inbreds from different heterotic groups and with a proportion of local germplasm. The latter consisted of genotypes with mixed exotic and Lancaster germplasm, which performed better in more drought-affected environments. Three inbreds were selected for their potential drought tolerance, showing an above-average yield and small ASI in all environments. Association analysis indicated significant correlations between ASI and grain yield and three microsatellites (bnlg1525, bnlg238 and umc1025). Eight alleles were selected for their favourable concurrent effect on yield increase and ASI decrease. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by the markers varied across environments from 5.7% to 22.4% and from 4.6% to 8.1% for ASI and yield, respectively. The alleles with strongest effect on performance of particular genotypes and their interactions in specific environments were identified by the mean of partial least square interactions analysis indicating potential suitability of the makers for tolerant genotype selection.

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High-Throughput Phenotyping Approach for the Evaluation of Heat Stress in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Using a Hyperspectral Reflectance Image

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21165634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5634

Author(s):

Eunsoo Park ◽

Yun-Soo Kim ◽

Mohammad Kamran Omari ◽

Hyun-Kwon Suh ◽

Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Panax Ginseng ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Short Wave ◽

Hyperspectral Images ◽

Projection Algorithm ◽

Validation Data ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Successive Projection

Panax ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine to strengthen human health for centuries. Over the last decade, significant agronomical progress has been made in the development of elite ginseng cultivars, increasing their production and quality. However, as one of the significant environmental factors, heat stress remains a challenge and poses a significant threat to ginseng plants’ growth and sustainable production. This study was conducted to investigate the phenotype of ginseng leaves under heat stress using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). A visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) HSI system were used to acquire hyperspectral images for normal and heat stress-exposed plants, showing their susceptibility (Chunpoong) and resistibility (Sunmyoung and Sunil). The acquired hyperspectral images were analyzed using the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) technique, combining the variable importance in projection and successive projection algorithm methods. The correlation of each group was verified using linear discriminant analysis. The developed models showed 12 bands over 79.2% accuracy in Vis/NIR and 18 bands with over 98.9% accuracy at SWIR in validation data. The constructed beta-coefficient allowed the observation of the key wavebands and peaks linked to the chlorophyll, nitrogen, fatty acid, sugar and protein content regions, which differentiated normal and stressed plants. This result shows that the HSI with the PLS-DA technique significantly differentiated between the heat-stressed susceptibility and resistibility of ginseng plants with high accuracy.

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Microsatellite marker-based genetic diversity of tropical-adapted shrunken-2 maize inbred lines and its relationship with normal endosperm inbred lines of known heterotic classification

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262120000489 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

J. E. Iboyi ◽

A. Abe ◽

V. O. Adetimirin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Heterotic Group ◽

Germplasm Management ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Maize Population ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Abstract Knowledge of the genetic diversity and relationships among maize inbred lines can facilitate germplasm management and plant breeding programmes. The study investigated the level of genetic diversity among S6 lines developed from a tropical-adapted shrunken-2 (sh-2) maize population and their relationship with normal endosperm tropical inbred lines of known heterotic groups. Ninety-one sh-2 maize inbred lines (UI1-UI91) developed in the University of Ibadan super-sweet Maize Breeding Programme were genotyped at 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, alongside five normal endosperm maize inbred lines viz. TZi3, TZi4, TZi10, TZi12 and TZi15, four of which belong to two heterotic groups. Twenty-three SSR markers were polymorphic and detected a total of 61 alleles, with a range of 2–7 and an average of 2.65 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.12 in bnlg1937 to 0.77 in phi126, with an average of 0.36. The gene diversity (He) averaged 0.43. Cluster analysis resulted in five groups consisting of 16, 36, 17, 23 and 3 inbred lines, with one sh-2 line ungrouped. TZi 12 and TZi 15, both of which are of the same heterotic group, clustered with TZi 3 of another heterotic group. Considerable genetic diversity exists among the 96 inbred lines. Only two of the five normal endosperm lines shared clusters with the sh-2 lines. The clustering of the normal endosperm inbred lines is not related to their established heterotic patterns. Inbred lines in two clusters offer the possibility of guiding the exploitation of heterosis among the sh-2 lines.

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Significant biophysical and genetic properties of maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn1019035r ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 35-53

Author(s):

Cedomir Radenovic ◽

Milomir Filipovic ◽

Mile Secanski ◽

Milica Radosavljevic ◽

Zoran Camdzija ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inbred Lines ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Critical Temperatures ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Dry Down ◽

Physical And Chemical

This study confirms the hypothesis that there are elite maize inbred lines and hybrids with erect top leaves, which have a dominant property of an efficient photosynthetic and fluorescent model that is successfully used in modern breeding programmes and the production hybrid seed and commercial maize. This statement is supported by the displayed results on the erect top leaves, the dynamics of grain dry-down during the maturation period and photosynthetic and florescence parameters: the temperature dependence of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity, the Arrhenius criterion for the determination of critical temperatures (phase transition temperatures) and the activation energies. The presented results show that properties of observed maize inbreds and their hybrids are based on the nature of conformational and functional changes that occur in their thylakoid membranes and other chemical tissues structures of grain and intact leaves, as well as, on positive effects in maize breeding. Moreover, other relevant significant breeding and seed production properties (commercial maize quality over grain structure, physical and chemical parameters) of maize inbred lines and their hybrids were analyzed in the present study.

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Characterization of maize inbred lines based on molecular markers, heterosis and pedigree data

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0703355s ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jelena Srdic ◽

Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽

Zorica Pajic ◽

Milomir Filipovic

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Protein Markers ◽

Pedigree Data ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Maize Inbred Lines

Information about the genetic diversity of inbred lines is essential in planning maize breeding programmes. Utilization of diverse parents in the process of hybridization has the greatest influence on producing high yielding hybrids. The aim of this research was to determine genetic diversity of ten maize inbred lines of different origin on the basis of protein and RAPD markers and to compare these results with pedigree and grain yield heterosis data. Results of genetic distances, based on protein and RAPD markers were similar and in concurrence with the date on the origin of inbreds. Usefulness of protein and RAPD markers for assigning inbreds to heterotic groups was examined by the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis based on protein markers, RAPD and heterosis showed clear grouping of lines into two main heterotic groups. Only few deviations were noticed, and those among inbreds not belonging to those heterotic groups. According to the observed results it could be concluded that grouping of inbred lines based on molecular markers, generally agrees with their pedigrees and that clusters are representatives of heterotic groups. Very high and highly significant estimate of rank correlation coefficient between RAPD and heterosis (0,876**) also confirmed that.

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The Relationship Between Molecular, Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity in some Inbred Lines of Maize

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:6478 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana COPANDEAN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

General Concept ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Parental Form ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

The Relationship

The evaluation of the genetic diversity in maize inbred lines has significant implications on maize breeding, both in the process of creating inbred lines and in the strategy of creating well-performing hybrid formulae, starting from the general concept of parental-form diversity.

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Changes of genetic diversity of maize inbred lines over four decades of hybrid breeding in the Bc institute revealed by SSR markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1501233b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Ivica Buhinicek ◽

Mirko Jukic ◽

Hrvoje Sarcevic ◽

Jerko Gunjaca ◽

Zdravko Kozic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Hybrid Production ◽

The Past ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

Heterotic Pattern ◽

Private Alleles

In this paper, changes of genetic diversity of the most important maize inbred lines used for hybrid production within the Bc Institute in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were examined using the SSR markers. The average number of alleles per SSR locus was 3.14, 3.43, 3.07 and 3.25 for lines from 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, whereas the number of private alleles for the same four decades was 8, 4, 0 and 6, respectively. Mean genetic distance among inbreds within decades steadily decreased over time from 0.64 in 1970s to 0.57 in 2000s, but the observed differences were not statistically significant. The clustering of the studied inbred lines indicates the exploitation of a known BSSS x LSC heterotic pattern within the Bc Institute maize breeding program. The overall results show that recycled inbred lines within these pools do not decline in genetic variation over the past 40 years.

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Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines as inferred from SSR markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1502489n ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 489-498

Author(s):

Ana Nikolic ◽

Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic ◽

Dragan Kovacevic ◽

Zoran Camdzija ◽

Milomir Filipovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Principal Component ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Pedigree Data ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Maize Inbred Lines ◽

The World

Creating new maize hybrids with greater yield potential is a permanent goal of breeding programs all over the world. Long-time existing and new problems related to different biotic and abiotic stresses and the growing needs of the world market require constant work on finding new ways for advancing maize production. Molecular marker technology is one of the fastest developing fields and its implementation has already given results in solving different problems related to maize breeding improvement. The aim of the study presented herein was characterization and genetic similarity assessment of twenty-nine maize inbred lines from Maize Research Institute collection using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The analysis was done using 20 pairs of SSR primers with clearly visible and reproducible results. A total of 119 alleles were detected with a mean of 5.8 per locus. PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values were in the range from 0.45 to 0.92 (average 0.74). Genetic similarities calculated using Jaccard?s coefficient ranged from 0.27 to 0.99. Cluster and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis were done using matrices of similarity in the NTSYSpc software, version 2.1. Results of both classifications were moderately in agreement with the pedigree data of analysed genotypes. The information about genetic diversity of maize inbred lines revealed by SSR markers could be useful in planning strategies for future maize breeding programs.

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