scholarly journals КОГНІТИВНО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ Й КОМУНІКАТИВНО-ПРАГМАТИЧНІ ВИЯВИ ВВІЧЛИВОСТІ В АНГЛІЙСЬКИХ ЛІНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ (британській, американській, австралійській)

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Л. Я. Гнатюк
Keyword(s):  
Negative Face

Розглянуто когнітивно-концептуальні аспекти й комунікативно-прагматичні вияви категорії ввічливості, зокрема комунікативних стратегій позитивної та негативної ввічливості, для позначення етнокультурної своєрідності досліджуваного мовленнєвого феномена на фактичному матеріалі англійськомовних просторів. Схарактеризовано принцип Поліанни, концепцію збереження обличчя, positive face (позитивне обличчя) i negative face (негативне обличчя). Розглянуто категорію ввічливості в теорії та практиці міжкультурної комунікації; схарактеризовано стратегії ввічливої поведінки в різних лінгвокультурних просторах як маркери меж норми, що визначають ефективність міжособистісної інтеракції в умовах міжкультурного спілкування

Nomophobia: An emerging fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Bala ◽  
Neetu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Agra City

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males and 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.

Positive and negative face as descriptive categories in the history of English

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 178-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. Jucker
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Face

Studies in the history of politeness in English have generally relied on the notions of positive and negative face. While earlier work argued that a general trend from positive politeness to negative politeness can be observed, more recent work has shown that in Old English and in Middle English face concerns were not as important as in Modern English and that, in certain contexts, there are also opposing tendencies from negative to positive politeness. In this paper, I focus in more detail on the notions of positive and negative face and follow up earlier suggestions that for negative face a clear distinction must be made between deference politeness and non-imposition politeness. On this basis, I assess the usefulness of the notions of positive and negative face for the development of politeness in the history of English.

Cross-cultural testing of face threats to predict apology and thanks intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1654
Author(s):  
Hye Eun Lee ◽  
Hyunjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Face Threat ◽  
Korean College Students ◽  
Favor Asking ◽  
Negative Face

We examined whether Koreans intended to make an apology and North Americans intended to express thanks in a message asking for a favor. Because one reason for apologizing or thanking is to lessen the face threat occurred by favor asking, four face threats were empirically measured to predict participants' intentions. Participants were 104 North American and 90 Korean college students who took the role of an email sender making a favor request and selected from options for apologizing or thanking the receiver to lessen the four types of face threat. Results showed that North Americans intended to express thanks, and both North Americans and Koreans intended to make an apology when asking a favor; further, for Koreans, a speaker's positive face threat triggered intention to make an apology and, for North Americans, a receiver's negative face threat triggered an intention to express thanks. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals INFORMALITY AS POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUEST OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF RIAU ISLANDS UNIVERSITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suswanto Ismadi Megah
Keyword(s):  
English Education ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
English Department ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Young Sister ◽  
Education Study ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Homogeneous Data

This study was aimed to identify the informality of request as politeness strategies used by the students of English Education study Program (English department) of Unrika Batam.The data was obtained from request spoken by the student of English department students. The data taken based on cluster sampling due the homogeneous data. The data was students of morning class of semester seven. This study concluded that The usage of bu, ma, mah (means mother)  five data and yah, pak, and pa (means father or daddy), the speaker respects to the hearer’s face by addressing her as mom. This considered her position is upper position; this does not threaten her face. This is used informally to her mother in relaxed situation. The usage of imperative sentences are four data when the hearer asks her young sister  to take the glass, then the subject asks her big sister to buy her dress, when she asks her young sister to take chilly and when the subject ask the money to pay rental house. This sentences forces her face’s hearer. This shows negative face. The last is speaker states “adek” young sister to her father means to soften request to her father due to the father will usually fulfill the young child.

scholarly journals Disaffection and agentic engagement: ‘Redesigning’ activities to enable authentic self-expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Henry ◽  
Cecilia Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Secondary English ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
English Classrooms ◽  
Negative Face

Demotivation (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2011) and non-participation (Norton, 2001) characterize negative responses to classroom practice of a generally chronic nature. In this article, focus is directed to negativity that emerges within the context of a particular language developing activity, and which can be understood as a situated response to the activity’s demands. In conceptualizing negative responses at the activity level, disaffection – the negative face of engagement – is a construct of central importance. Drawing on data from a large-scale ethnographic project in secondary English classrooms in Sweden, in this exploratory case study disaffection (Skinner, 2016) is examined in the context of two language developing activities. Analyses reveal that disaffection can transform into active engagement, and that when called upon to perform an inauthentic identity, students can ‘redesign’ activities in ways that enable them to act authentically.

Face Threatening Acts in Wayang Golek

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Ramdan Sukmawan ◽  
Siska Hestiana
Keyword(s):  
Data Use ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Strong Emotion ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Address Terms

<p>This study aims at describing negative and positive face threatening acts of puppetry’s figures in Wayang Golek show. The data use are puppetry figure’s spoken conversation dialogue in Wayang Golek show. The findings to study are the expressions of negative face threatening acts of order and request, suggestion, advice, threat, offer, promise, compliment, expression of strong emotion of hatred and anger toward hearer. The positive face threatening acts are the expressions of disapproval, criticism, contempt, insult, challenge, expression of violent emotion, irreverence, mention of taboo topic, bringing of bad news about hearer, blatant non-cooperation in activity of making non-sequiturs, and use of address terms of status-marked identification in initial encounter. </p>

Politeness strategies and the representation of women in the Holy Qur’an

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-435
Author(s):  
Kawakib Al Momani ◽  
Fathi Migdadi ◽  
Eman Rabab’a
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Other ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Sensitive Issues

Abstract The goal of this study is to examine the strategies of politeness used in the Qur’an, the holy book of Muslims, to address and represent women. Women have been represented negatively in many different types of texts through face-threatening acts that sustain masculine power and hegemony. This study attempts to investigate the image of women in the most sacred book of Muslims. Two aspects are examined herein: the representation of women in relation to sensitive issues like sex and marriage, and the forms of address and reference to women. A qualitative approach is used to provide interpretations of the hidden meanings in the selected excerpts, adopting Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness and Leech’s maxims of politeness as the guides for the analysis. The analysis has revealed that women all through Qur’an have been addressed and referred to decently and politely. Unlike most of the other topics where bald-on-record strategies are used, the use of off-record strategies and positive and negative face strategies of politeness have been found to be dominant in discussion of issues relevant to women. These strategies have been used to avoid unpleasant communication in spiritual issues, and also to avoid misrepresentation of women, demeaning of their persons, causing any embarrassment, and thereby saving the face of both women and recipients. However, bald-on-record strategies are sometimes used in topics related to legal matters concerning familial and social unity and solidarity. The analysis has demonstrated the means by which language is used in the Glorious Qur’an to courteously address women. Concerning interpersonal maxims, the approbation, modesty, sympathy, tact, and agreement maxims have shown to be evident in addressing and referring to women. This study will contribute to the field of pragmatics and will lead to cross-religious and cross-cultural understanding during a period where Islam and its teachings are being widely questioned and examined.

scholarly journals ‘It’s hard to write a good article’: The online comprehension of excuses as indirect replies

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269
Author(s):  
Andrew J Stewart ◽  
Jeffrey S Wood ◽  
Elizabeth Le-luan ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
Matthew Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Direct Question ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Saving ◽  
Threatening Situation ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Good Article

In an eye-tracking experiment, we examined how readers comprehend indirect replies when they are uttered in reply to a direct question. Participants read vignettes that described two characters engaged in dialogue. Each dialogue contained a direct question (e.g., How are you doing in Chemistry?) answered with an excuse (e.g., The exams are not fair). In response to direct questions, such indirect replies are typically used to avoid a face-threatening disclosure (e.g., doing badly on the Chemistry course). Our goal was to determine whether readers are sensitive during reading to the indirect meaning communicated by such replies. Of the three contexts we examined, the first described a negative, face-threatening situation and the second a positive, non-face threatening situation, while the third was neutral. Analysis of reading times to the replies provides strong evidence that readers are sensitive online to the face-saving function of indirect replies.

Sri Lanka: In Peace or in Pieces? A Critical Approach to Peace Education in Sri Lanka

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke T.A. Lopes Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Peace Education ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Education Initiatives

This article seeks to explore the ‘two faces of education’ through a critical analysis of peace education in Sri Lanka. It aims to contribute to the wider debate on the complex role of education in situations of conflict. The article starts with an overview of what peace education is, or should be. This leads to the conclusion that peace education cannot succeed in isolation, and needs to be incorporated in a multilevel process of peacebuilding. Further analysis draws from Bush & Saltarelli's notion of the ‘two faces of education’, combined with Lynn Davies's notion of ‘war education’. These notions help to explain to what extent (peace) education in Sri Lanka contributes to positive or negative conflict, or, in other words, which one of the two ‘faces’ is most prominent. The positive side of education is employed through inter-group encounters, the stimulation of self-esteem and a ‘peaceful school environment’. Through dialogue and understanding, these initiatives stimulate a desegregation of a very segregated school system and society. However, these positive initiatives remain limited. Other, more structural issues, tend to work towards the negative face of education, by fostering segregation, fear and bias rather than counteracting them. These issues form pressing challenges for peace educators and policy makers in Sri Lanka. Critically informed research and evaluation should provide guidelines for well-thought through peace education initiatives, by working towards a combination of critical theory and problem-solving approaches to deliver both critical and hands-on guidelines for further peace education initiatives.

scholarly journals Politeness in compliment responses

Pragmatics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şükriye Ruhi
Keyword(s):  
Management Approach ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Compliment Responses ◽  
Face Management ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Face

This paper analyses a corpus of compliment responses in Turkish according to the conversational maxim approach (Leech 1983, 2003) and the face-management approach (Brown and Levinson 1987) with a view to extending the conceptualisation of self-presentation in theorising on politeness. It observes that the two theories ground politeness on consideration for alter and give precedence to politeness in the sense of displaying deference and solidarity at the expense of self-politeness, described in the present study as speaker need for display of competence, self-confidence, and individuality in interaction, besides the need for non-imposition. Regarding the maxim approach, the paper argues that conversational implicatures triggered by a variety of responses ultimately tie to the Tact Maxim and more specifically to the Sympathy Maxim in the Turkish context. The analysis reveals that compliment responses may override the Politeness Principle, that self-presentational concerns are crucial motivating factors, and that face concerns need to be incorporated into the model. From the perspective of the face-management approach, the study supports the claim in O’Driscoll (1996) and Spencer-Oatey (2000) that the notions of positive and negative face as need for community and autonomy need to be disentangled from the theory’s conceptualisation of face as public self-image. With the incorporation of a number of self-politeness strategies, the face-theoretic analysis builds on this distinction and integrates it with the concept of interactional imbalance by extending an analytic framework adapted from Bayraktaroğlu (1991). The paper concludes with suggestions on how the two theories may complement each other.

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