scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Concurrent Therapy of Spironolactone With Levodopa on Depression Disorder in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Mahdi Heidari ◽  
Rasool Haddadi ◽  
Amir Nili ◽  
Amir Larki
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Concurrent Therapy ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Background: Depression has a high prevalence and high mortality and a tremendous negative impact on people’s quality of life. This study was considered to examine the effect of levodopa and spironolactone (SPIR) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced depression-like behavior. Methods: Parkinson was induced by the unilateral intra-nigral injection of 6-OHDA (8 µg/2 µL/rat) in the central region of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In the levodopa treatment group, 21 days after the injection of 6-OHDA, the rats were treated with (i.p.) injections of levodopa (15 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. In the other group, only SPIR (25 mg/kg) was added to levodopa (15 mg/kg) as a concurrent therapy according to the treatment protocol. Anxiety and depression-like behavior were assessed by behavioral tests such as passive avoidance task (PAT), open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST). Results: Intra-nigral injection of 6-OHDA in the SNc increased anxiety and depression-like behavior. Our results showed that the use of levodopa (15 mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated depression-like behavior induced by 6-OHDA in FST (P<0.001) and TST (P<0.001) in rats. Moreover, levodopa (15 mg/kg) + SPIR (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced the symptoms of depression-like behavior induced by 6-OHDA in OFT (P<0.05), FST (P<0.001), and TST (P<0.001) tests in rats. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the intra-nigral injection of 6-OHDA into rats could cause anxiety and depression-like behavior in the fourth week onwards. Treatment with levodopa was able to attenuate stress and depressive symptoms. Additionally, our results revealed that SPIR could improve the effect of levodopa on depression-like behavior. Base on the results of this study, it is suggested that levodopa and SPIR could have some improving effects on 6-OHDA-induced depression-like behavior in parkinsonian rats.

scholarly journals The anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Buxus hyrcana in the pentylenetetrazole kindled rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
V AZIZI ◽  
F ALLAHYARI ◽  
A HOSSEINI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Immobility Time

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a chemical substance which largely used for induction of seizure and epilepsy in the animal model, and it can also, disrupts free radicals balance and causes oxidative stress in the body with a negative impact on behavioral statuses like anxiety and depression. In this study, the medicinal plant Buxus hyrcana, was used to evaluate its effect on oxidative stress, anxiety and depression caused by PTZ in the rat. Twenty-four male rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control negative under treatment with PTZ (sub-threshold dose 35 mg/kg for one month), control positive under treatment with phenobarbital (PB-30 mg/kg), and two PTZ groups under treatment with B. hyrcana extract (BHE-300, and -600 mg/kg). For anxiety parameters, the elevated plus maze (EPM) was used. The forced swim test (FST) and rotarod test were employed to assess the antidepressant and balance potential, respectively. After behavioral evaluation, rats were anesthetized, brains were removed, and following preparation of brain homogenates, oxidative stress was evaluated using specified methods. BHE administered at the doses of 300, and 600 mg/kg, reduced immobility time in the FST exerting antidepressant-like activity. In the EPM test, BHE at the same doses, produced the anxiolytic-like effect. Also, the rats which received BHE had a significant improvement in rotarod test in contrast to control groups. In addition, brain catalase activity and superoxide dismutase level were significantly greater versus PTZ group BHE-300 treated PTZ group was significantly lower and. BHE could prevent anxiety and depression and ameliorate oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled rats.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Francesco Lotti ◽  
Sara Marchiani ◽  
Giovanni Corona ◽  
Mario Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
English Language ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
High Prevalence

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and infertility are two afflictions with a high prevalence in the general population. MetS is a global health problem increasing worldwide, while infertility affects up to 12% of men. Despite the high prevalence of these conditions, the possible impact of MetS on male fertility has been investigated by a few authors only in the last decade. In addition, underlying mechanism(s) connecting the two conditions have been investigated in few preclinical studies. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss available clinical and preclinical studies on the role of MetS (and its treatment) in male fertility. An extensive Medline search was performed identifying studies in the English language. While several studies support an association between MetS and hypogonadism, contrasting results have been reported on the relationship between MetS and semen parameters/male infertility, and the available studies considered heterogeneous MetS definitions and populations. So far, only two meta-analyses in clinical and preclinical studies, respectively, evaluated this topic, reporting a negative association between MetS and sperm parameters, testosterone and FSH levels, advocating, however, larger prospective investigations. In conclusion, a possible negative impact of MetS on male reproductive potential was reported; however, larger studies are needed.

Abstract P211: Single High Na + Ingestion Leads To An Increase In Oxidative Stress And Triggers Inflammation.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginette Bordcoch ◽  
Ivan Tavera Busso ◽  
Juan Masjoan Juncos ◽  
Luis I Juncos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Difference

Hypertension has been linked to a progressive increased in oxidative stress and inflammation. The high prevalence of hypertension poses a great risk to public health as 108 million adults in the United States have the condition. For that reason, a better understanding of the link between a high Na+ intake and the development of hypertension is of crucial importance. We hypothesize that a single ingestion of a high Na+ solution leads to increased oxidative stress and triggers an inflammatory response. Wistar 200-250 g male rats had gastric infusions through the esophagus. Groups were infused with 8 mL liquid Vaseline (Control), 8 mL of NaCl 0.684 M (4% m/v), and 8 mL of NaCl 1.368 M (8% m/v). After infusion, blood was collected at different time points during the first hour. Tissue samples were obtained from the aorta, heart, and kidney. Electron Microscopy (EM) was performed on all tissues, which were also analyzed for molecular markers of oxidative stress: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and an inflammation marker: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK). At 2 and a half minutes, serum Na+ concentration was unchanged in the control group compared to an increase observed in animals receiving 4% and 8% Na+ with concentrations of 135±1.4 mEq/L, 141±2.0 mEq/L, and 140±1.2 mEq/L respectively. At the 1-hour time point after infusion, the difference was further increased in the 8% group with serum concentrations of 135±1.8 mEq/L, 140±1.5 mEq/L, and 152±1mEq/L respectively (p<0.05). There was an increase in oxidative stress in the aorta from values of 36.22±4.64 mU/mg SOD and 0.131±0.013 pg/mL MDA in the control group, to 47.11±4.89 mU/mg SOD and 0.291±0.022 pg/mL MDA in the 8% group (p<0.05 in both cases). The same was observed in the heart, where values were: 174.6125.26 mU/mg SOD, 0.026±0.007 pg/mL MDA in controls, and 259.22±21.98 mU/mg SOD, 0.215±0.073 pg/mL MDA in 8% group (p<0.05 both cases). Increased ERK in aortic tissue, values of 0.29±0.03 pg/mL in controls, 2.68±0.18 pg/mL in 4% group and 3.97±0.68pg/mL in 8% group (p<0.05) suggest increased inflammation. We conclude that the elevation in serum Na+ concentration that follows Na+ ingestion leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Sleep patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M.C. Castro ◽  
Carla Daltro
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances and symptoms of anxiety and depression have been shown to be involved in the genesis and perpetuation of chronic pain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sleep patterns and the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain. METHOD: Four hundred consecutive patients referred to a chronic pain outpatient clinic were investigated using patient charts, the numerical Visual Analogue Scale for the evaluation of pain, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45.6±11.4 years. The most frequent medical diagnosis was myofascial pain followed by neuropathic pain. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety was 72.8%, depression 93% and altered sleep patterns 93%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety and alterations in sleep patterns in patients with chronic pain, justifying investigation into these disturbances in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Investigation Into Effect Of Crude Mixture Of Abrus Precatorius Seed On Hypothalamopituitary Gonadal Axis And Development Of Antifertility In Male Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Talukder ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
S Sarker ◽  
MAH Khan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Crude Mixture

To evaluate the antifertility effect of crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds at the dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight in adult male rats, after oral administration to male rats for 40 days, the rats were sacrificed and hormonal profiles, serum biochemistry, sperm count and histological changes were recorded. A sharp decrease in the serum levels of testosterone (0.70 ± 0.17 ng/ml), FSH (0.70 ± 0.22 lU/L), and LH (0.87 ± 0.35 IU/L) was detected compared to control (FSH, LH and testosterone levels 0.93 ± 0.15 ng/ml, 0.76 ± 0.28 IU/L, 1.44 ± .011 IU/L, respectively). A significant reduction of epididymal sperm count (2.34 million/mL) was noted in treated rats as compared to control group (7.87 million/mL). Histology of testes showed marked atrophy of the testes, which was characterized by disruption of the seminiferous epithelium and atrophy of the Leydig cells. Crude mixture of A. precatorius seed has a negative impact on male reproductive functions. It might be suggested that crude mixture of A. precatorius seeds might have antifertility property for male rats.   Keywords: Abrus precatorius; antifertility; male rat; testosterone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9234 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 103-109

Stimulation of the nigrostriatal dopamine system produces hypertension and tachycardia in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. H2489-H2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lin ◽  
J. J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Nigrostriatal Dopamine ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Da Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

To test for the ability of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system to influence cardiovascular function, experiments were carried out to assess the effects of electrical or chemical stimulation of the nigrostriatal DA system on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and striatal DA release in anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC), in addition to enhancing the DA release in the corpus striatum (CS), elicited proportional hypertension and tachycardia. This could be mimicked by microinjection of two excitatory amino acids, kainic acid and glutamate, into the SNC area of rat brain. The SNC stimulation-induced hypertension, tachycardia, and increased striatal DA release were attenuated by prior destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system produced by intramedial forebrain bundle injection of 6-hydroxydopamine and by prior blockade of postsynaptic DA receptors produced by intra-CS injection of DA receptor antagonists, haloperidol or pimozide. The SNC stimulation-induced hypertension was attenuated by spinal transection, whereas the SNC stimulation-induced tachycardia was attenuated by bilateral vagotomy. The data suggest that stimulation of the nigrostriatal DA system produces both hypertension and tachycardia in rats.

scholarly journals Correlation of Obesity and Flat-Foot in Haemophilic Adolescents in Karad

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 2007-2011
Author(s):  
Shruti Raphael Dsouza ◽  
Gauri Ramesh Gangane ◽  
Mandar Ramesh Malawade
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Type A ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Arch Index

BACKGROUND Haemophilic patients are more prone to obesity, due to physical inactivity which is a predisposing factor for structural and functional deformities. In obese people, long term loading has negative impact on lower limb and foot, which causes deformities like flat-foot. In foot, the primary component responsible for absorption and dissipation of forces is medial longitudinal arch and in flat-foot this arch is collapsed. Flat-foot causes pain and discomfort during weight bearing activities. In Haemophilic patients, obesity and flat-foot lead to further postural complications. As no study has been conducted on this topic before, we decided to study on this. The objectives of this study were to assess obesity, flat-foot and co relate obesity and flat-foot in Haemophilic adolescents. METHODS Height and weight of participants were measured to calculate BMI. Total 36 participants were chosen for this study. The subjects were assessed for flat-foot by using Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index. Footprints were taken to calculate the plantar index. The Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index was measured by dividing the width of central region by width of heel region on footprint, which was calculated as: a line tangent to the medial edge of forefoot and heel region, then a perpendicular line was drawn medially to laterally from mid - point of tangent line in central region of footprint (A) and similarly another perpendicular was drawn from heel region (B). The plantar index was then calculated by dividing value A with value B. RESULTS Flat-foot was seen in 25 % population having BMI between 33 - 35. Our data also suggested that age affects the medial arch of foot, the elder population showed increased percentage of flat-foot than the younger group. Individuals with type A haemophilia had increased percentage of flat-foot when compared with type B haemophiliacs, as type A haemophilia is considered severe type. CONCLUSIONS The results show that there is high prevalence of flat-foot in haemophilic patients, this requires rehabilitation and can help prevent further complications. KEY WORDS Haemophilia, Obesity, Flat-foot

scholarly journals Chronic back pain and mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2S) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
B. A. Volel ◽  
D. S. Petelin ◽  
D. O. Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic

Chronic back pain is a significant biomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and socioeconomic indicators. Mental disorders play a substantial role in the genesis of chronic pain. This review discusses the issues of back pain comorbid with depressive, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. It also considers the features of the clinical manifestations of pain associated with mental disorders. There are data on the neurobiological relationship between pain and mental disorders and on the personality traits of patients with chronic back pain.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Evaluation of Biological Effects of the Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation in Conditions of Reduced Temperature (Experiment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
O. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
I. Perova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Reduced Temperature

In modern conditions there is a high need to improve methods for establishing the nature of the combined influence of factors using modern approaches for further development of prevention measures against the negative impact of factors on the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures with subsequent determination of the level of contribution of each factor in the formation of biological effects within the experiment by mathematical analysis of data using the method of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment (30 days) was performed on male rats. The animals were divided into groups: combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) and reduced temperature (40C), isolated exposure to reduced temperature, isolated exposure to electromagnetic radiation and a control group. The establishment of biological effects was performed at stages 5, 15 and 30 days of the experiment. Changes in the body were assessed by physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood (30 indicators). Data processing was performed using computational intelligence methods (Neuro-fuzzy system). Results and discussion. The combined effect of the factors was manifested by the following biological effects: intensification of peroxidation processes with simultaneous moderate suppression of antioxidant protection, intensification of lipid metabolism was characterized by dyslipoproteinemia, manifesting in: increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions. Changes of the immune system were decrease in the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis at different stages of the experiment, imbalance of the activation of the system of reducing the concentration of C4 at the background of increased intensity of IgM and IgG synthesis. The method of determining the intensity of the factors, developed on the basis of factor and cluster analysis, allowed to determine that during the experiment the ratios between the factors changed, but the greatest contribution was made by reduced temperature by both biochemical parameters (63%) and immunological (53%) at the same time, the level of electromagnetic radiation contribution was 37% and 47%, respectively. Thus, the reduced temperature was the leading factor in the combined effect, which added 60% to the overall biological effect throughout the study, against the effect of electromagnetic radiation for which the level of contribution was only 40%. By means of the factor analysis informative indicators, making it possible to establish the characteristics of biological effects, and therefore leading indicators in formation of biological effects were the increase in concentration of DC with simultaneous decrease in concentration of SH-groups, increase in VLDL and suppression of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil-test. Conclusion. Thus, the tested mathematical approach allowed to determine the leading role of each of the studied factors under the conditions of their combined influence in different systems, which allows to predict probable appropriate reactions of the whole organism and gives a reasonable approach to the development of preventive measures

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