The Prevalence of Helmet Use and Predictive Factors Among Motorcyclists in Shahrekord, Iran in 2018

Background and aims: Motorcycle accidents are a major concern for countries. One of the most important risk factors for motorcyclists is the lack of helmet use. This study aimed to measure the rate of the helmet use and predictive factors in Shahrekord, Iran. Methods: Using simple random sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with a sample size of 350 motorcyclists. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.8 ± 10.1 years. Out of 350 participants, 15.1% and 1.4% of motorcyclists and their passengers used helmets. The most important predictors of helmet use were age more than 35 years, high education, and having a driving license. The most important reason for using the helmet was protection against injuries in accidents. Conclusion: According to our results, the rate of helmet use was low. Thus, more efforts should be made to intervene and train for the helmet use among community members with an emphasis on younger people, individuals with governmental jobs, and people with lower education level.

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The Role of Helmet Fastening in Motorcycle Road Traffic Accidents

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1685458 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 284-290

Author(s):

Zeeshan Arif ◽

B. R. Rajanikanth ◽

Kavitha Prasad

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Road Traffic Accidents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Helmet Use ◽

Facial Injuries ◽

The Face ◽

Motorcycle Accidents ◽

Open Face

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among the Indian population. Motorcycle accidents are the most prominent type of injuries among road traffic accidents in India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, all the patients attending three centers in north Bangalore, with facial injuries occurring from a motorcycle accident, were included. The subjects were analyzed for the type of collision, helmet use, type of helmet use, and fastening status of the helmets. A total of 311 motorcyclists were included in this study for a period of 18 months (December 2015 to June 2017). There were 79.7% males and 20.3% females. The most prominent age group was 21 to 30 years. The percentage of riders sustaining facial injuries was significantly more in the non-helmeted group. The most common injuries in open face helmets were in the middle and lower third of the face, whereas in closed face helmets it was in the middle third of the face. The numbers of injuries were significantly higher in the nonfastened helmet group as compared with fastened helmet group. Helmet fixation is an important characteristic along with helmet type for the better effectiveness and safety of the helmets for the motorcyclists.

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PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MARRIAGE IN CHIPULUKUSU TOWNSHIP OF NDOLA, ZAMBIA:cross sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16869 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Satiel Banda

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Child Marriage ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education

BACKGROUND In the statistics taken from media brief on ending child marriage in Zambia, (2014) states, “Zambia is the third highest country with cases of child marriages in the SADC region and 19th in the world. In Zambia, about 42 per cent of women aged 20-24 years are married by the age of 18 – a rate that has not evolved since 2002. The rates of child marriages vary from province to province, and are as high as 60 per cent in the Eastern Province. (www.girlsnotbrides.org.) accessed on 20th November 2014. At 13.42) The ZDHS [Zambia Demographic Health Survey] indicates that among married girls aged 15-19 in Zambia, 68 percent have already given birth. In addition, most of the births occurring to girls before age 18 are first births (85 percent), and a majority of these first births occur within marriage. A Central Statistical Office (CSO) report of 2010 carried out by Plan Zambia indicates that “only a few adolescent girls and boys complete upper primary education while the enrolment ratio in secondary education is 13.4% for males and 12.9% for females.” The report concludes that child marriage is the critical driver for this state of affairs. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with child marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola. Zambia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chipulukusu Township within the location of Ndola. A pretest questionnaire was used to collect information on child marriage prevalence and factors towards the practice of child marriage and other relevant socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS the prevalence of early marriage in Chipulukusu township of Ndola district, Zambia was 20.7 % with it being significantly associated with lower social economic status (poverty), lower education level, orphanhood and teen pregnancies CONCLUSIONS the prevalence of early marriage in this study was high. Its prevalence was significantly associated with people of poor backgrounds (poverty), teen pregnancies, lower education level, and orphan hood.

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Socioeconomic Factors and Knee Osteoarthritis: Effects of Education, Income, and Occupation on Prevalence and Symptoms

10.21203/rs.3.rs-180946/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ji Yeon Lee ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

Yong Gyu Park ◽

Sung-Hwan Park

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Income Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education ◽

Using Data

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as measured by three components of education level, income level, and occupation on prevalence and symptom severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine which of these factors has the strongest association.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that were collected between 2010 and 2012. Male and female participants 50 years or older were included. Analyses to examine the associations of the three SES components with prevalence and symptom severity of knee OA were performed.Results: A total 9,071 participants was included in the study. As expected, lower education, lower income level, and non-managerial or no job were associated with higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Among the three SES components, lower education was most strongly associated with knee pain and radiographic knee OA after adjusting for the other two.Conclusions: Lower education level is the component of SES that most strongly relates to higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Improving societal education level might decrease the socioeconomic burden of knee OA.

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Effects of education, income, and occupation on prevalence and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93394-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ji Yeon Lee ◽

Kyungdo Han ◽

Yong Gyu Park ◽

Sung-Hwan Park

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Income Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Lower Education ◽

Using Data

AbstractTo examine the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) as measured by three components of education level, income level, and occupation on prevalence and symptom severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine which of these factors has the strongest association. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that were collected between 2010 and 2012. Male and female participants 50 years or older were included. Analyses to examine the associations of the three SES components with prevalence and symptom severity of knee OA were performed. A total 9,071 participants was included in the study. As expected, lower education, lower income level, and non-managerial or no job were associated with higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Among the three SES components, lower education was most strongly associated with knee pain and radiographic knee OA after adjusting for the other two. Lower education level is the component of SES that most strongly relates to higher prevalence of knee OA and knee symptoms. Improving societal education level might decrease the socioeconomic burden of knee OA.

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Flourishing: A Cross-Sectional Study on Academic Achievement in the Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran

International Journal of Health and Life Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijhls.105949 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽

Mojtaba Limoee ◽

Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini ◽

Farzaneh Solaimanizadeh ◽

Nafiseh Mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Achievement ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Self Report ◽

Male Students ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Community Members ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background: Flourishing is a psychological construct that refers to the type of living together with permanent happiness in human functions. Individuals with high levels of flourishing are aware of their abilities, keen on progress, and considered beneficial community members. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the flourishing status and its association with academic achievement in the students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 295 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The students were selected via simple random sampling with proportional probability to size. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation-coefficient at the significance of 95%. Results: The mean age of the students was 22.92 ± 2.47 years (range: 18 - 30 years). The mean score of flourishing was 39.93 ± 8.73 (score range: 8 - 56), which indicated that the participants received 71.3% of the maximum score of flourishing. In addition, the score of flourishing was significantly higher in the female students compared to the males (P = 0.046) and had a positive, significant correlation with academic achievement (r = 0.197; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Considering the more favorable status of flourishing in the female students, it is recommended that educational programs be developed and implemented for the promotion of flourishing by focusing on male students.

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KEJADIAN KATARAK PADA KELOMPOK NELAYAN “PUTRA SAMUDRA” DI DESA LEBIH, GIANYAR, BALI TAHUN 2016

ARCHIVE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH ◽

10.24843/ach.2017.v04.i01.p05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Ni Kadek Nening Andiyani ◽

Partha Muliawan

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Health Program ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Lower Education ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

Cataract is the most prevalent cause of blindness in the world. Based on occupation, cataract was higher among farmer, fisherman, and labor workers. This study aims to measure the prevalence of cataract among fishermen of the “Putra Samudra” fisherman group at Lebih village. This was a cross-sectional study with quantitative descriptive approach. Samples were 70 fishermen of the 187 members of “Putra Samudra” fishermen group. Sampling technique was simple random sampling. Instrument for the study was questionnaire and direct ophthalmoscope. The result showed that 18.6% of the fishermen have cataract. Cataract prevalence was significantly higher among the fishermen ?50 year old, lower education and those who did not wear specific protection aids. It is necessary to provide education on the importance of specific protection aids to prevent cataract. It is also necessary to develop occupational health program that include medical check-up prior working time, regular and specific, also health care for occupational health problems among fishermen. Keywords : Bali, cataract, fishermen, exposure to sun ray

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Drug Use and Abuse Prevention Concerns in Rural Communities in Enugu State Nigeria

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v12n2p78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Samuel I. C. Dibia ◽

Evelyn N. Nwagu ◽

Amelia N. Odo

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Drug Use ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Abuse Prevention ◽

Community Members ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Enugu State

Drug abuse among any population is harmful and constitutes an issue of great concern for health professionals and the entire community. This study focuses on identification of level of drug use and community concerns for preventing drug abuse in two rural communities in Enugu north senatorial zone, Enugu State, Nigeria. We conducted a community-based cross sectional study in Enugu North senatorial zone of Enugu state Nigeria. All adults and youths 10 years and above who were residing in the communities for the past two years were the study population. Simple random sampling by balloting was used to select two communities. Proportionate random sampling was used to select 290 participants comprising 147 males and 133 females for the study. Questionnaire was used to collected data. The data were analyzed by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Descriptive statistics, chi square, Fisher’s exact test and the Monte Carlo test were computed for the data. The most commonly used substances by community members were alcohol, cigarette and cannabis. Greater proportion of community members (57%) frown at abuse of substances. Majority of community members (87%) wished that drug abuse will stop in the community, 3.6% do not wish that it will stop and 9.4% do not care whether it stopped or not. The study has revealed areas of community concern and lack of concern for preventing drug abuse. These are hoped to guide drug abuse prevention intervention in the area of study.

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Pengaruh bising lalu lintas terhadap penurunan fungsi pendengaran pada juru parkir di kota Denpasar

Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana ◽

10.32637/orli.v40i2.3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ni Ketut Susilawati ◽

Wayan Sudana ◽

Eka Putra Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Hearing Impairment ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hearing Function

Background: Noise pollution or noise is an unwanted sound which is disturbing to human beings.However small or soft the sound, if it is undesirable it is considered as noise. Noise induced hearingloss is a sensorineural hearing loss that is commonly encountered second to presbycusis. Purpose: Toknow the effect of traffic noise exposure on hearing impairment to the employees of the Parking DistrictCompany of the Denpasar city and to improve diagnostic detection on hearing impairment caused bynoise. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Parking District Company office. Thepopulations of this study were the employees of the Parking District Company. Samples of this study were the employees who were exposed to traffic noise and control samples were an employee who was unexposed. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. Results: From 40 parking attendants,27 persons (67.5%) aged above 35 years old. The parking attendants who had been working for ten to fifteen years were 36 persons (90%) and no history using ear protection when working. Seven persons(17.5%) had referred DPOAE upon examination with increase hearing threshold on audiogram result.In this study the parking attendants who had hearing deficit induced by noise were 7 persons (17.5%)and only one person (2.5%) in control group. There was a statistically significant effect of traffic noiseto hearing function deficit (p<0.05). Conclusion: Traffic noise has effect in hearing function deficit onthe parking attendants.ORLI Vol. 40 No. 2 Tahun 2010Key words: NIHL, parking attendant, audiometry, DPOAE.

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Self perceived oro-facial behaviour and malocclusion among young adults in Hyderabad city

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Dasari Tejaswini ◽

Suhas Kulkarni ◽

Dolar Doshi ◽

Adepu Srilatha

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Face ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life in young adults.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of malocclusion on self- perceived oro-facial behaviour among young adults.MethodsA Cross sectional study was conducted among 638 young adults (aged 18–21 years) of Hyderabad city. One college from each of the five zones of the Hyderabad city (five colleges) were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A 21-item Oro-facial investment scale (OFIS) questionnaire assessing self-perceived oral health knowledge, attitude, practice and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) assessing the severity of malocclusion was used. Data were analysed with standard statistical software (SPSS, Statistical package for the social sciences, version 20.0). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMales had higher mean scores for knowledge (2.90 ± 0.49) than females (2.73 ± 0.82) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002*). No statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to attitude and practice. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in all the three scores (knowledge, attitude, practice) with respect to age, with significantly high score for knowledge and practice among 18 year old subjects (p = 0.0001*; p = 0.0003* respectively) and attitude among 21 year old subjects (p = 0.0049*). No statistically significant age, gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores. Upon correlation, DAI significantly and positively correlated with knowledge (p = 0.03*) and attitude (p = 0.0001*).ConclusionThis study has shown significant impact of malocclusion on the self-perceived oro-facial behaviour.

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