scholarly journals Assessment of mask-wearing adherence and social distancing compliance in public passengers in Hamadan, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. e00526-e00526
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Soltanian ◽  
Tahereh Omidi ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Rashid Heidarimoghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: The determination of the rate of social distancing compliance and mask-wearing adherence is essential to address the health aspects of COVID-19. The present study aimed to estimate the adherence to mask-wearing and maintaining the social distancing in public passengers in Hamadan, west of Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design: The present study was conducted based on a cross-sectional design. Methods: The current study included 72 images from 12 areas in Hamadan as clusters in January 2021. The images were extracted from the traffic control center of Hamadan Municipality. The mean of social distancing and percentage of mask-wearing in all clusters were obtained based on cluster sampling. Results: In this research, the majority of people(68%) in public passengers were men and 32% women. The mean±SD of social distancing in all public passengers in Hamadan was obtained at 65.27 ±73.37 cm (95% CI: 38.48-92.08 cm). The percentage of men who wore masks correctly was higher than that of women (57% vs. 51%). Moreover, mask-wearing adherence was not recognizable in about 34% of people in the images (28% of men versus 48% of women). Among the people whose images were recognizable, all the women were wearing masks, while about 13% of men were not (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the mean social distance in Hamadan was much lower than the standard value (1.5-2 meters) even at the time of restrictions. Although more than half of people wore masks in public passengers, it was much less than that in developed countries. Therefore, people should pay more attention to health advice regarding mask-wearing and maintaining social distance.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan praktik masyarakat Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Andi Eka Yunianto ◽  
Taufiq Firdaus Al-Ghifari Atmadja ◽  
Emy Yuliantini ◽  
Miratul Haya ◽  
Ahmad Faridi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Increasing cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia every day and creating new clusters. One of the reasons for the increase in cases is the level of knowledge about COVID-19. Knowledge is a person's foundation in practicing his activities every day. A good practice is based on a good level of knowledge.Objectives: The research objective is to see an overview of the knowledge and practices of Indonesian society in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with 6,557 respondents, the criteria were above 16 years old who live in Indonesia. The research was conducted in June 2020. The questionnaire is an e-survey using google form media and is distributed via social media (Whatsapp, Facebook, and Instagram). The knowledge and practice of the people in this statistical analysis used only univariate analysis.Results: The results show that in general the knowledge of the Indonesian people is correct from the 12 questions asked. The mean score of knowledge of male respondents was 75.13±29.47, while for women it was 77.16±26.50. The average practice score of male respondents was 81.33±19.95, while the female respondents were 87.18±16.13.Conclusion: The higher the knowledge, the better the community practices in preventing and reducing the transmission of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Relationship Between Sexual Satisfaction and Mental Health in Married Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Elahe Abdollahi ◽  
◽  
Somayyeh Shokrgozar ◽  
Mahboobe Sheerojan ◽  
Mahboobe Golshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Rural Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: The aging population is increasing rapidly; therefore, paying attention to the needs of older people is necessary. Sexual satisfaction, which is needed to feel happy, is often neglected in older women. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 195 married women aged ≥60 years covered by urban and rural health centers of Guilan, Iran were recruited using a cluster sampling method. A demographic form, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were completed by participants and collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation, median), and Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: There was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women (P<0.0001). 51.2%, 27.7% and 21.08% of participants had low, moderate and high sexual satisfaction, respectively. Sexual satisfaction was directly related to monthly income (P<0.0001) and women’s and their husbands’ education (P<0.0001 and 0.006) while it was inversely related to physical illness (P=0.030), medication use (P=0.009), age (P<0.0001), number of children (P=0.022), and duration of marriage (P<0.0001). The median score of mental health in participants was 38 (ranging 24-53) and the percentage of participants with mental problems (79.4%) was higher than those without mental problems (20.6%). Conclusion: Mental health and sexual satisfaction in older women are directly related to each other; therefore, providing effective and appropriate sexual care programs is recommended for them.

scholarly journals Promoting STEAM learning in the early years: “Pequeños Científicos” Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria M. Cabello ◽  
M. Loreto Martinez ◽  
Solange Armijo ◽  
Lesly Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steam Education ◽  
Academic Enrichment ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
High Educational

Education in the early years is an excellent space for promoting integrated learning. The STEAM education model combines Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics holistically and has gained force globally, mostly in developed countries. However, in developing countries of Latin America, STEAM education programs are incipient and still unfamiliar to many early childhood and primary school educators. "Pequeños Científicos" is a pioneer educational program in Chile aimed at providing extracurricular academic enrichment to students 3 to 10 years old, with a gender-empowering approach. With a cross-sectional design and integrating data from students, researchers and educators, this article documents program design and implementation issues based on a partial application of SWOT analysis grounded on strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. The strengths were the strongest elements that might be transferred to similar interventions, for instance, students were positively engaged in the learning processes and actively communicating their advances through diverse artistic formats. The weaknesses were mainly difficulties that can be avoided in future replication, such as teachers' management of children's behavior. Opportunities present alternatives to these types of programs to improve and grow; for example, through articulation of the courses and including children with additional needs. We call for tackling the weaknesses for more efficient application and discuss the promotion of STEAM learning in the early years in the contexts of high educational inequality for future replication in diverse contexts.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Mortality Predictor Scoring for Sepsis Patients in Haji Adam Malik Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Abdul Halim Harahap ◽  
Franciscus Ginting ◽  
Lenni Evalena Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Sofa Score ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Score Apache

Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in developed countries and its incidence is increasing. Many scoring systems are used to assess the severity of disease in patients admitted to the ICU. SOFA score to assess the degree of organ dysfunction in septic patients. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring system is most often used for patients admitted to the ICU. CCI scoring system to assess the effect of comorbid disease in critically ill patients on mortality. The study aimed to describe the characteristics of the use of scoring to predict patients’ mortality admitted to Haji Adam Malik Hospital. Methods: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 299 study subjects met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, three types of scoring, namely SOFA score, APACHE II score, and CCI score were used to assess the prognosis of septic patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 252 people (84.3%) of sepsis patients died. The mean age of the septic patients who died was 54.25 years. The SOFA score ranged from 0-24, the median SOFA score in deceased sepsis patients was 5.0. The APACHE II score ranged from 0-71, the median APACHE II score in deceased sepsis patients was 23.0. The CCI score ranged from 0-37, the median CCI score in deceased sepsis patients was 5.0. Conclusion: Higher scores are associated with an increased probability of death in septic patients. Keywords: Sepsis; mortality predictor; SOFA score; APACHE II score, CCI score.

scholarly journals Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z: A cross-sectional study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Chevin Ramadhan Hadiwijaya ◽  
Muhammad Imam Zan Zabiyla Analuddin ◽  
Ayikacantya Sudayasa ◽  
Muhammad Hoki Akbar ◽  
Lilyana Aritonia Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Background: Adequate health systems and effective strategies are needed to increase trust and acceptance in vaccines. Generation Z is more concerned with environmental issues related to the pandemic situation.Objective: This study aimed to assess the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z.Methods: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design on generation Z in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to July 2021. The samples were taken by cluster sampling using faculty classification. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a google form, included the characteristics, knowledge regarding COVID-19 and vaccine, and the media information.Results: There were 396 participants. Most of them were 20 years (52.6%), female (74.8%), and Muslim (93.7%). About 61.6% live outside the city and had insurance (77.3%). Half of the participants knew the COVID-19 symptoms (51.26%), some participants were hesitant (11.8%) and did not even know (0.76%). Almost all participants were aware of the COVID-19 vaccination program (99.2%), benefits (95.2%), side effects (84.1%), and knew the contents of the COVID-19 vaccine (62.1%). Most of them were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (77.8%). However, 17.93% were hesitant, and 4.29% were unwilling to participate. Most participants were not trusting vaccines (43.9%), did not feel the need (29.3%), and felt access was not easy (26.8%). Most of them used social media to get information about COVID-19 (89.1%).Conclusion: Generation Z has a good acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, even though there are still doubts and rejects. Accurately and sustainable information is needed.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the non-free plastic bag policy to reduce plastic waste in the community of Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Novia Wirna Putri ◽  
Septia Pristi Rahmah ◽  
Defriman Djafri ◽  
Irene Sandra Olivia ◽  
Ulfah Winanda Putri
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The People ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Processing Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The waste generation of Padang City at the Final Processing Site (TPA) is 495.50 tons/day, and the amount of unmanaged waste is 62.42 tons/day, of which 40% is plastic waste. Efforts to reduce the use of plastic bags have begun in Padang, referring to Perwaliko number 36 of 2018. Shopping centers and modern stores must use plastic shopping bags that meet SNI no later than December 31, 2020, especially in various retail and contemporary shopping centers. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the effectiveness of plastic use policies and the decrease in the use of plastic bags in people who shop at modern retailers in Padang City. This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples is 116 respondents who shop at modern shopping centers, namely Matahari Dept. Store, Food Mart Padang, Ramayana Padang and SPAR Padang. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that 46.6% of respondents stated that the plastic bag policy was not adequate, and 46.6% of respondents stated that there was no reduction in plastic bags. There is a significant relationship between the effectiveness of the plastic bag policy and the decrease in the use of plastic bags in the people of Padang City (p=0,029). With this paid plastic bag policy, government, retailers, and the public will be more concerned with the environment.

scholarly journals Profile of estimated glomerular filtration rate of children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Ezeh ◽  
Oluseyi Oniyangi ◽  
Iretiola B. Babaniyi ◽  
Vincent E. Nwatah ◽  
Felicia U. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Background: Kidney disease is more common in people of African descent in developed countries. Studies reporting estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in African populations and people living with HIV have been carried more frequently on adults than children. The study aimed to assess eGFR by use of the SCHWARTZ formula in HIV infected children seen at tertiary hospital.Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross sectional study of 221 children with HIV infection. Schwartz formula was used to determine eGFR. The main outcome measures were eGFR. The study population comprised HIV infected children attending Paediatric out-patients’ clinic and those admitted into the Paediatric wards, aged between 6 months and 15 years. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 and results presented in tables and figures. Results: The age range of the study subjects was 12 months to 15 years with the mean age and SD of 8.21±3.61 years. There were 129 (58.4%) male and 92 (41.6%) female children with male to female ratio 1: 0.7.  The mean age for males was 7.87±3.49 years while that for females was 8.70±3.71 years. The eGFR for the study as determined by Schwartz formula had a range of 49.21 to 463.67 ml/ min/ 1.73m2 with the mean of 159.56±59.04 ml/min. The mean eGFR for the males and females were 166.39±63.54ml/ min and 149.99±45.01 ml/ min respectively. Conclusion: The study, in comparison with other studies, observed a lower prevalence of CKD in HIV infected children. Detection of CKD in HIV infection children may be more optimal if combined methods are employed.

scholarly journals Total Pesticide Exposure Calculation among Vegetable Farmers in Benguet, Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinky Leilanie Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Integrated Program

This was a cross-sectional study that investigated pesticide exposure and its risk factors targeting vegetable farmers selected through cluster sampling. The sampling size calculated with was 211 vegetable farmers and 37 farms. The mean usage of pesticide was 21.35 liters. Risk factors included damaged backpack sprayer (34.7%), spills on hands (31.8%), and spraying against the wind (58%). The top 3 pesticides used were pyrethroid (46.4%), organophosphates (24.2%), and carbamates (21.3%). Those who were exposed to fungicides and insecticides also had higher total pesticide exposure. Furthermore, a farmer who was a pesticide applicator, mixer, loader, and who had not been given instructions through training was at risk of having higher pesticide exposure. The most prevalent symptoms were headache (64.1%), muscle pain (61.1%), cough (45.5%), weakness (42.4%), eye pain (39.9%), chest pain (37.4%), and eye redness (33.8%). The data can be used for the formulation of an integrated program on safety and health in the vegetable industry.

scholarly journals Levels of molecular angiogenic and antiangiogenic in pregnant women with risk of preeclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Diah Wulandari ◽  
Mohamad Sulchan ◽  
Syarief Thaufik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Plgf Ratio ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Angiogenic and antiangiogenic imbalances play a major role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Increased production of sFlt-1 by the placenta causes free circulating PIGF and VEGF concentrations to lower because it is bound by sFlt-1. Measuring levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins as biomarkers indicates placental dysfunction and distinguishes preeclampsia from other disorders. This study aims to analyze the levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules in pregnant women at risk for preeclampsia.Methods: The study with a cross-sectional design was carried out in 11-15 weeks gestational age whom had a risk of preeclampsia with 30 samples in primary health care starting April-August 2018. Blood serum was measured by molecular levels of VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1, and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio using the ELISA method. Data analysis used Pearson product moment test.Results: The mean of VEGF levels are 15.5±21.6, PlGF 89.7±55.5, sFlt-1 11519.4±5126.0 and the ratio sFlt-1/PlGF 166.7±102.1. Correlation value of risk factors for preeclampsia with molecular levels of VEGF r= -0.05; p = 0.76, PlGF r= -0.21; p = 0.26, sFlt r= 0.01; p =0.99 and ratio sFlt-1/PlGF r = 0.10; p = 0.58.Conclusions: The higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the lower the molecular level of VEGF and PlGF is. Moreover, the higher the total score of preeclampsia risk factor, the higher the molecular level sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is. There are no significant correlation between total score of preeclampsia risk factor and levels of molecule VEGF, PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio.

scholarly journals Does the Frequency of Watching Television Matters on Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Abdu Seid ◽  
Adnan Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background. Studies in developed countries have revealed an association of different magnitudes between watching television and the risk of being overweight and obese among reproductive age women. Even so, there is no evidence of such an association in the context of the Ethiopian population. Hence, the study aimed to assess the association between watching television with overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using secondary data analysis from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey among women aged from 15 to 49 years. The samples were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 10,074 women were included in the analysis. The outcome variables were both overweight and obesity, whereas the main exposure variable was the frequency of watching television. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for adjusting potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to declare a statistically significant association. Results. The study found that watching television at least once a week was significantly associated with both overweight (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.73) and obesity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.04–6.95). The study also divulged that the odds of overweight were higher among women aged 25–39 years (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.25–3.77) and 40–49 years (AOR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.45–5.00), urban residents (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI:1.17–2.65), attended higher education (AOR:2.11; 95% CI: 1.22–3.65), and richest in the wealth index (AOR: 2.83; 95% CI:1.71–4.68). Similarly, the odds of obesity were higher among women aged 25–39 years and 40–49 years, attended higher education, and the richest in wealth index. Conclusions. The results from this study demonstrated that watching television at least once a week is associated with obesity among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Therefore, a social behavioral change communication campaign needs to be taken to improve awareness regarding the harmful consequences of watching television for long hours. Further research studies should be conducted among men and adolescents to determine whether this positive association exists among that target population as well.

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