scholarly journals Leishmania major cause of a cutaneous leishmaniasis in a car driver from east Azerbaijan province: A case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi parsaei ◽  
Shalaleh Ganji ◽  
Majid Khanmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease and its the known as a health problem in all of the world. Case presentation: The patient, a 47-year-old man car driver from city of Bostan abad, with a history of traveling to cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic provinces last year, was referred to city health center with a 17 mm, no discharge and pus with necrotic appearance skin lesion. Biochemical, hematological parameters and urine culture and analysis were normal. Three smears was prepared with sterile vaccinostyle from the margins of wound and transferred to specific medium in sterile conditions. After staining the prepared smears from the wound, amastigotes with large nucleus and small kinetoplast in macrophages and active promastigotes in the liquid phase of medium were observed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using ITS-1 by specific primers. In the PCR product electrophoresis were compared with the marker bands and 350 bp band weight determined. With electrophoretic pattern and comparison with positive control band, isolates parasites belonged to Leishmania genus. In order to definitively diagnose the parasite species, sequencing method was used. The results showed 99% homology with Leishmania major. Finally, the patient with a diagnosis of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis was induction with Glucantime drug. Conclusion: Diagnosis of suspected cases with cutaneous leishmaniasis is the major importance. If an infected patient is diagnosed in the early stages of the disease, can be prevented the extent of the scar after recovery, as well as the possible complications of rural infection.

scholarly journals Complicated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by an imported case of Leishmania tropica in Japan: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kitano ◽  
Chizu Sanjoba ◽  
Yasuyuki Goto ◽  
Kazumasa Iwamoto ◽  
Hiroki Kitagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Imported Case ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is not endemic in Japan, and imported cases are rare. However, there are increasing concerns regarding imported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis from endemic countries to Japan. This report describes a case of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis that was diagnosed and treated in Japan. Case presentation A 53-year-old Pakistani man presented with skin lesions on both malleoli of his right ankle and the dorsum of the left foot. The skin lesions manifested as erythematous nodules surrounding an ulcer in the center of the lesion. The lesions of the malleoli of his right ankle each measured 3 × 3 cm, and the lesion on the top of his left foot measured 5 × 4 cm. He had been living and working in Japan but had a history of a visit to Pakistan for about 2 months in 2018. The skin lesions were biopsied. Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin staining of biopsy samples showed amastigotes of Leishmania in macrophages, and the presence of Leishmania was confirmed by skin tissue culture. Polymerase chain reaction using biopsy specimens identified Leishmania parasites, and DNA sequence analysis revealed that the species was Leishmania tropica. The patient was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 6 days. The erythema disappeared, and the erythematous nodules resolved within 3 weeks. Conclusion This is the first report of imported cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica from Pakistan, and it is interesting that all three testing modalities showed positive results in this case.

scholarly journals Cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Lebanon: re-emergence of an important neglected tropical disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima El Safadi ◽  
Sabah Merhabi ◽  
Rayane Rafei ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Mass Influx ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent neglected tropical disease among externally displaced people in the Middle East. In recent years, the Lebanese population has increased >30%, mainly due to a mass influx of Syrian migrants, thousands of them carrying CL, among other infectious diseases. Here we revisit the current CL prevalence among refugees in northern Lebanon. Methods This cohort study was conducted at the Al Bashaer Medical Center in north Lebanon between January and June 2017. A total of 48 randomly selected suspected CL patients were clinically diagnosed by dermatologists and samples were obtained for microscopic examination and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The treatment response to antimonials was assessed each week and was followed for up 6 months. Results Leishmania tropica was the predominant species (91.7%) followed by Leishmania major (8.3%). Confirmed cases were treated with one to two courses of antimonials and healing was usually achieved after receiving a second course of treatment. Importantly, we show evidence of possible local CL transmission by indigenous sandflies in three separate patients who had no history of recent travel to Syria. Conclusions This highlights the urgent necessity to implement preventive disease strategies to avoid further dispersion of L. tropica CL in north Lebanon.

scholarly journals Immune Responses in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: in vitro Thelper1/Thelper2 Cy-tokine Profiles Using Live Versus Killed Leishmania major

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Miramin-Mohammadi ◽  
Amir Javadi ◽  
Seyyed Ebrahim Eskandari ◽  
Mahmood Nateghi-Rostami ◽  
Ali Khamesipour
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Recovery from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) leads to protection against further lesion development. In contrast, vaccination using killed parasites does not induce enough protection; the reason(s) is not currently known but might be related to different immune response induced against live versus killed parasites. In this study, Th1/Th2 cyto-kine profiles of CL patients were evaluated against live versus killed Leishmania major. Methods: In this study peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the volunteers with active CL lesion (CL), history of CL (HCL) and healthy volunteers were cultured and stimulated with live or killed Leishmania major, the superna-tants were collected and levels of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 were titrated using ELISA method. Results: The results showed that IFN-γ levels in CL patients (p< 0.001) and HCL volunteers (p< 0.005) are signifi-cantly higher when stimulated with live than stimulated with killed L. major. IFN-γ production in PBMC volunteers with CL and HCL stimulated with live or heat-killed L. major was significantly (p< 0.001) higher than in unstimulated ones. The level of IL-5 in CL patients (p< 0.005) and HCL volunteers (p< 0.001) are significantly lower when stimulated with live than killed L. major. There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-10 in PBMC stimulated with either live or killed L. major. Conclusion: It is concluded that using live Leishmania induces a stronger Th1 type of immune response which justify using leishmanization as a control measure against CL.

First Autochthonous Case of Emerged Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran: kDNA-PCR Evidence Base

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Niksolat ◽  
Rabeeh Tabaripour ◽  
Lotfollah Davoodi ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Smear Preparation ◽  
History Of

: In the last decade, several cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) have been recorded by the provincial health center of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. However, there is no documented report of autochthonous CL in the province yet. The patient, a 59-year-old female, known case of diabetes mellitus, lived in rural area of Kiasar district (in eastern part of the Mazandaran) with 5 skin lesions suspected of having vasculitis, without history of traveling to the endemic areas of CL, was admitted to Imam Khomeini teaching hospital, Sari. To rule out CL, fine needle aspiration (FNA) procedure was used aseptically for the patient. Laboratory investigations showed Leishman bodies (amastigotes) by direct smear preparation and species identification confirmed Leishmania major (L. major) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular method. Accordingly, this is the first documented report of autochthonous CL in Mazandaran Province. Overall, due to the abundance of probable rodent reservoir hosts and confirmation of infection of sandflies (Phlebotomus papatasi) with L. major in the Kiasar district, where our patient was living there, it seems that CL emerged in the eastern part of the province. Therefore, further studies on rodents and sandflies fauna in terms of emerging leishmanial infection in the area is recommended.

scholarly journals Development of a Natural Model of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Powerful Effects of  Vector Saliva and Saliva Preexposure on the Long-Term Outcome of Leishmania major Infection in the Mouse Ear Dermis

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 (10) ◽  
pp. 1941-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Belkaid ◽  
Shaden Kamhawi ◽  
Govind Modi ◽  
Jesus Valenzuela ◽  
Nancy Noben-Trauth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne

We have developed a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major that seeks to mimic the natural conditions of infection. 1,000 metacyclic promastigotes were coinoculated with a salivary gland sonicate (SGS) obtained from a natural vector, Phlebotomus papatasii, into the ear dermis of naive mice or of mice preexposed to SGS. The studies reveal a dramatic exacerbating effect of SGS on lesion development in the dermal site, and a complete abrogation of this effect in mice preexposed to salivary components. In both BALB/c and C57Bl/6 (B/6) mice, the dermal lesions appeared earlier, were more destructive, and contained greater numbers of parasites after infection in the presence of SGS. Furthermore, coinoculation of SGS converted B/6 mice into a nonhealing phenotype. No effect of SGS was seen in either IL-4– deficient or in SCID mice. Disease exacerbation in both BALB/c and B/6 mice was associated with an early (6 h) increase in the frequency of epidermal cells producing type 2 cytokines. SGS did not elicit type 2 cytokines in the epidermis of mice previously injected with SGS. These mice made antisaliva antibodies that were able to neutralize the ability of SGS to enhance infection and to elicit IL-4 and IL-5 responses in the epidermis. These results are the first to suggest that for individuals at risk of vector-borne infections, history of exposure to vector saliva might influence the outcome of exposure to transmitted parasites.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Efficacy of Syzygium Aromaticum Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Comparison with Pentostam: دراسة تجريبية على فعالية عشبة القرنفل في مكافحة داء اللشمانيا الجلدية مقارنة بعقار البنتوستام

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Abdullah Alamri
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Different Doses

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by a kind of ‏ Flagellate (Mastigophora) that belongs to the Leishmania. This disease is transferred by sand flies. This research was conducted to study the effect of Syzygium aromaticum on the evolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis blister in mice infected with this disease. To study the effects of this herb on the evolution of cutaneous blister caused by Leishmania, the white mice of BALB/ c species were injected by a dose of 107 parasite\ml from the parasite farm of LON-4 Leishmania major in the sacrum. After three weeks, the blister begins to appear in the injected place like a small tumor (ulceration). It begins to grow into blister then to sore which is often accompanied with bacterial and fungal infection. Experiments were conducted into two parts. The first part includes experiments conducted on mice, while the second part includes the tissue test of cutaneous blister and making sure that it is parasite free. The study covered three groups: the negative control group which is formed from eight mice; positive control group (Pentostam group) and it is formed from eight mice injected by Pentostam drug, 120 mg\kg; Syzygium aromaticum group that was administrated different doses of 5, 10, 40, 60 mg\kg orally before treated directly by ointment of Syzygium aromaticum herb on the blister place. It was found that the infected mice treated by Syzygium aromaticum orally by a dose of 40 mg\kg and also treated by Syzygium aromaticum ointment directly on the blister place gives high percent of improvement reached 72%. Then it is followed by the group treated by Syzygium aromaticum orally by a dose of 60 mg\kg as the percent of improvement reached 52%. The results showed that the Syzygium aromaticum is the best to treat the cutaneous leishmaniasis amongst other herbs.

Aspergillus Spondylodiscitis After Spinal Stenosis Surgery: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 And 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Mohsen Aghapoor ◽  
◽  
Babak Alijani Alijani ◽  
Mahsa Pakseresht-Mogharab ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Background and Importance: Spondylodiscitis is an inflammatory disease of the body of one or more vertebrae and intervertebral disc. The fungal etiology of this disease is rare, particularly in patients without immunodeficiency. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to complications and even death. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old diabetic female patient, who had a history of spinal surgery and complaining radicular lumbar pain in both lower limbs with a probable diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, underwent partial L2 and complete L3 and L4 corpectomy and fusion. As a result of pathology from tissue biopsy specimen, Aspergillus fungi were observed. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the patient. The patient was treated with Itraconazole 100 mg twice a day for two months. Pain, neurological symptom, and laboratory tests improved. Conclusion: The debridement surgery coupled with antifungal drugs can lead to the best therapeutic results.

An Obscure Colon Dilatation and its Underlying Cause: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anton Stift ◽  
Kerstin Wimmer ◽  
Felix Harpain ◽  
Katharina Wöran ◽  
Thomas Mang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Idiopathic Megacolon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Introduction: Congenital as well as acquired diseases may be responsible for the development of a megacolon. In adult patients, Clostridium difficile associated infection as well as late-onset of Morbus Hirschsprung disease are known to cause a megacolon. In addition, malignant as well as benign colorectal strictures may lead to intestinal dilatation. In case of an idiopathic megacolon, the underlying cause remains unclear. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 44-year-old male patient suffering from a long history of chronic constipation. He presented himself with an obscurely dilated large intestine with bowel loops up to 17 centimeters in diameter. Radiological as well as endoscopic examination gave evidence of a spastic process in the sigmoid colon. The patient was treated with a subtotal colectomy and the intraoperative findings revealed a stenotic stricture in the sigmoid colon. Since the histological examination did not find a conclusive reason for the functional stenosis, an immunohistochemical staining was advised. This showed a decrease in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the stenotic part of the sigmoid colon. Discussion: This case report describes a patient with an idiopathic megacolon, where the underlying cause remained unclear until an immunohistochemical staining of the stenotic colon showed a substantial decrease of ICCs. Various pathologies leading to a megacolon are reviewed and discussed.

Leishmanicidal Activity of Plant Extracts from Sefrou, a Moroccan Focus of Leishmaniasis, against Various Leishmania Parasites in the Promastigote Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zeouk ◽  
A. Et-Touys ◽  
M. Balouiri ◽  
H. Fellah ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis remains a major worldwide public health problem. The province of Sefrou located in the center of Morocco is a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study aims at evaluating the antileishmanial potential of Berberis sp.,Crataegus oxyacantha, Cistus salviifolius, Ephedra altissima and Lavandula dentatafrequently used by the local population. Methanolic extracts were tested against the promastigote form ofLeishmania tropica, Leishmania majorandLeishmania infantumusing tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. The total phenol and flavonoids content of all extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and potassium acetate solutions respectively. The plant extracts exhibited antileishmanial activity with variability depending on the tested strain and the plant species compared to Glucantime® used as control (IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) > 1,000 μg/mL). The best inhibition was observed with Berberis sp., againstLeishmania major(IC50 = 394.40 ± 3.02 μg/ml), andEphedra altissima(reported for the first time) againstLeishmania infantum(IC50 = 490.84 ± 3.15 μg/mL).Leishmania tropicahas shown the same sensitivity behavior toward the five extracts (in average IC50 = 540 ± 11.20 μg/mL). The total phenolic content was higher forCrataegus oxyacanthaandCistus salviifolius(140.67 ± 3.17 μg eq Gallic Acid (GA)/ mg of Extract (E) and 133.83 ± 9.03 μg eq GA/mg of E respectively), while flavonoid was higher forCistus salviifoliusandLavandula dentata(57.92 ± 2.46 μg eq Quercetin (Que)/ mg of Extract (E) and 41.53 ± 1.74 μg eq Que/mg of E). All the tested extracts present some promising aspects that may cure cutaneous leishmaniasis in the center of Morocco; further bioguided assays are needed to isolate the fractions and the bioactive molecule.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation After Lobectomy On Pulmonary Aspergilloma: Case Report

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Andwi Setiawan Kokok ◽  
Selly Christina Anggoro ◽  
Siti Chandra Widjanantie
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postural Correction ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergilloma ◽  
Breathing Retraining

Introduction: Complete resection of aspergilloma in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), may has several health problem after surgery berupa sesak napas, batuk yang tidak efektif. Methods: A case presentation of 45 years old woman, after lobectomy on right upper of lung due to aspergilloma, with history of cough and haemoptysis for 3 months. Pulmonary Rehabilitation were breathing retraining exercise (BE), mobilization technique (MT), chest mobility exercise (CM), active cycle breathing technique (ACBT), postural correction exercise (PC) for three weeks. Results: There were dyspnea, peak flow rate (PFR:60-70-60), peak cough flow (PCF: 70-90-60 L/m), and abnormal chest expansion (CE: 2.5 – 3 – 2) cm. After three weeks of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there were no dyspnea, increased the PCF: 193L/m, and CE: 2.5-4 -3. Conclusion: Pulmonary Rehabilitation programs for three weeks were relieved dyspnea, increased cough capacity and CE.

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