scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MODELING IN THE QFORM VX 8.2 SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL COOLING SPEEDS OF RAILWAY RIMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Babachenko ◽  
Ganna Kononenko ◽  
Evgen Klemeshov ◽  
Rostislav Podolskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Structural State ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Thermokinetic Diagrams ◽  
Test Steel

The tests were performed on ER7 steel according to EN 13262. Based on the hardenability test (GOST 5657) by the method of end hardening (Jomen) the distance from the surface from which unilateral cooling was performed, where the hardness met the requirements of regulatory documentation for wheels of test steel, and the distance where the formation of needle structures, including bainite and otmanshtette, no longer took place. Simulation was applied in the software package QForm VX 8.2, as a result, a model was developed, for the adaptation of which the results of the experiment were used. Confirmed the high convergence of the results of the calculation and the experiment. At the same time, the model allowed to obtain an instantaneous cooling rate in a form that is more in line with the physical meaning of the process and to avoid the scatter of actual values associated with the discreteness of data capture. It is established that the instantaneous cooling rate changes in the process of continuous uniform supply of the cooler. The developed model can be used to build thermokinetic diagrams under continuous cooling and to develop recommendations for heat treatment modes to achieve the specified mechanical properties under a certain structural state.

scholarly journals Development of recommendations on cooling rates of railway wheels with the use of modeling in the software package qform vx 8.2 for the formation of a homogeneous ferritic-perlite structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (134) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Babachenko ◽  
Ganna Kononenko ◽  
Evgen Klemeshov ◽  
Rostislav Podolskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Thermal Section ◽  
High Set ◽  
Railway Wheels

The tests were performed on ER7 steel according to EN 13262. Based on the hardenability test (GOST 5657) by the method of end hardening (Jomen) the distance from the surface from which unilateral cooling was performed, where the hardness met the requirements of regulatory documentation for wheels of test steel, and the distance where the formation of needle structures, including bainite and otmanshtette, no longer took place. Simulation was applied in the software package QForm VX 8.2, as a result, a model was developed, for the adaptation of which the results of the experiment were used. Confirmed the high convergence of the results of the calculation and the experiment. At the same time, the model allowed to obtain an instantaneous cooling rate in a form that is more in line with the physical meaning of the process and to avoid the scatter of actual values associated with the discreteness of data capture. It is established that the instantaneous cooling rate changes in the process of continuous uniform supply of the cooler. The permissible range of cooling rates of the surface and central sections of the wheel rim during accelerated cooling of ER7 steel is determined. The data can be used to improve the heat treatment modes of railway wheels of current production in order to achieve a high set of mechanical properties both with the existing cooling technology and with differentiated cooling on the modernized equipment of the thermal section of the wheel shop. The developed model can be used to build thermokinetic diagrams under continuous cooling and to develop recommendations for heat treatment modes to achieve the specified mechanical properties under a certain structural state.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of K465 Superalloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 570-579
Author(s):  
Qiang Huang ◽  
Jin Xia Song ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Wei Peng Ren ◽  
Xin Guang Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Stress Rupture Life ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

The microstructures and mechanical properties of superalloy K465 under different heat treatment, including as as-cast, solution treatment and aging, were investigated. The results showed that γ' precipitates in as-cast condition exhibited two kinds of morphologies of fine regular cuboidal shape at dendritic arm and coarse irregular form in interdendritic region. MC carbides decomposed into M6C carbides partly after 1210°C/4h solution treatment. The high temperature stress-rupture life can be improved obviously with the increasing cooling rate. When cooling rate was lower than 70°C/min, the room temperature tensile elongation increased with cooling rate increasing. When cooling rate was higher than 90°C/min the room temperature tensile elongation decreased with cooling rate increasing. The proper cooling rate of 70oC/min~90oC/min is advantageous for the achievement of excellent comprehensive properties. When aging treatments continued the regularization of γ' resulted in the improvement of stress-rupture life and the reduction of tensile elongation. The mechanical property gap between the solution treatment and aging can be decreased with increasing cooling rate.

Research on Continuous Cooling Transformation Curve of a C-Si-Mn Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 404-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Wei Hu ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Hai Jiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Heat Treatment Technology ◽  
Cct Curve ◽  
Transformation Curve ◽  
Mn Steel

The CCT curve of a C-Si-Mn steel was investigated. The hot simulation tests at different cooling rates were conducted on Gleeble-1500 simulator and microstructures were observed. Based on transformation temperatures recorded by dilation curves and microstructures, the CCT curve diagram for tested steel was plotted. The effects of cooling rate on microstructure and transformation temperature were studied. The results provide the theoretical basis for determination of hot processing and heat treatment technology of C-Si-Mn steels.

Precipitation Strengthening in AA7449 Aluminium Alloy: Understanding the Relationship between Microstructure, Yield Strength and Strain Hardening

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fribourg ◽  
Alexis Deschamps ◽  
Yves Bréchet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Activation Volume ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Work Hardening Rate ◽  
Deformation Step ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Step Heat Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a detailed study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7449 alloy during the two step heat treatment leading to the industrial T7651 temper. It is first shown that reproducing the heat treatment without a deformation step as used in the T7651 industrial temper leads to 2-fold decrease of the precipitation kinetics due to the absence of dislocations, while the resulting mechanical properties (if this change in kinetics is accounted for) are very similar. The work hardening rate is shown to strongly evolve during the heat treatment, and this evolution has been correlated to the evolution of microstructure using a Kocks-Mecking-Estrin analysis. Finally, an analysis in terms of activation volume of the strain rate sensitivity allows for the determination of the dislocation / precipitate interaction in the overaged temper.

Study on Microstructures and Properties of 22Mn2SiVBS Steel on Different Cooling Rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 768-771
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Hong Xin ◽  
Shu Lan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Proeutectoid Ferrite ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

Abstract:The microstructures and mechanical properties of 22Mn2SiVBS steel after austenitizing at 1280°C and then cooling in air and piled up after rolled were studied in this paper .the results show that when 22Mn2SiVBS steel cooling in air it can obtain the fine grain granular bainte and remain austenite,and piled up after rolled it can obtain granular bainte and proeutectoid ferrite. After heat treatment the strength and hardness is higher than the sample piled up after rolled, but the toughness is lower.

Weldability Investigation of Temper-Grade Steels

2008 ◽  
Vol 589 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Gábor Lengyel ◽  
Béla Palotás
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cold Cracking ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Preheat Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

The mechanical properties of temper-grade steels can be modified in a wide range by heat treatment. The principle of heat treatment lies in the good hardenability, so when such steels are welded it is very likely that the heat affected zone is hardened. Considering the fact that in the case of design simplifications it may be needed to weld temper-grade steels, as well therefore it is of crucial importance to eliminate cold cracking. There are many methods available to determine preheat temperature. The applicability of methods for determination of preheat temperature was checked by experimental welding for both two and three dimensional heat conduction. According to our experience the different methods cannot be applied in general namely they are valid only under certain conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel (St 35)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jenan Mohammed Nagie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Media ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is aimed to study the effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties of Steel 35. Specimens prepared to apply tensile, torsion, impact and hardness tests.Many prepared specimens heat treated at (850ºC) for one hour and subsequently were cooled by three different media [Water-Air-furnace] to show the effect of Medias cooling rate on mechanical properties. Microstructures of all specimens examined before and after heat treatment by an optical microscopy.To figure the phases obtained after heat treatment and its effect on the mechanical properties Experimental results have shown that the microstructure of steel can be changed and significantly improved by varying line cooling rate thus, improving one property will effect on the others because of the relationship between all properties.In water media tensile, torsion and hardness improved while impact results reduced. Air media contributed in improving most of the mechanical properties because of grain size homogeneity. At furnace media ductility and impact improved

Influences of Hot Rolling Conditions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Hai Shen Sun ◽  
Guo Ping Li ◽  
Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Test Steel ◽  
Hot Rolling Conditions

The thermomechanical control processing (TMCP) was conducted through the adjustment of the rolling technological parameters to the test steel. The influence of the finishing temperature, cooling rate and alloying elements to the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by comprehensive utilization of grain refining strengthening and second phase strengthening.The results show that the microstructure was mainly composed of bainite, ferrite and second phase TiC; at the finishing temperature of 870°C, the yield strength was 596.7 MPa, the tensile strength reached 748.5 MPa, the elongation ratio was 20.17%; at high cooling rate of 16°C/s, the yield strength achieved 616.7 MPa, the tensile strength reached 785.5 MPa, the tensile ratio reduced for 0.78, and the elongation ratio enhanced to 20.92%. And the quantity of bainite increased with the raise of finishing temperature from 800°C to 870°C, which improved the hardness and wear resistance of the steel.

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