scholarly journals Interdisciplinary approach to the study of human trafficking as a social and psychological phenomenon

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Irina Ye. Churakova ◽  
Mariya V. Saporovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Theoretical Integration ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Psychological Phenomenon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Universal Definition

Human trafficking is a complex concept that not only lacks a universal definition but is conflated by a wide range of competing theories or models of explanation. As evidenced by the range of theoretical models, several issues have been identified which may serve to further advance our ability to explainhuman trafficking and better inform our responses. This can involve protection of victims, prosecution of perpetrators, prevention of human trafficking, partnership of agencies and organisations in combating human trafficking, etc. Although different classification models are used to categorise the range of theories, they are generally divided into macro or micro-level theories, and theoretical integration may represent a new line of explanation that might better capture the complexity and diversity of human trafficking.

Dynamics and Performance of a Harmonically Excited Vertical Impact Damper

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Ramachandran ◽  
George Lesieutre
Keyword(s):  
Loss Factor ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Coefficient Of Restitution ◽  
Numerical Continuation ◽  
Particle Impact ◽  
Impact Damper ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Particle impact dampers (PIDs) have been shown to be effective in vibration damping. However, our understanding of such dampers is still limited, based on the theoretical models existing today. Predicting the performance of the PID is an important problem, which needs to be investigated more thoroughly. This research seeks to understand the dynamics of a PID as well as those parameters which govern its behavior. The system investigated is a particle impact damper with a ceiling, under the influence of gravity. The base is harmonically excited in the vertical direction. A two-dimensional discrete map is obtained, wherein the variables at one impact uniquely dictate the variables at the next impact. This map is solved using a numerical continuation procedure. Periodic impact motions and “irregular” motions are observed. The effects of various parameters such as the gap clearance, coefficient of restitution, and the base acceleration are analyzed. The dependence of the effective damping loss factor on these parameters is also studied. The loss factor results indicate peak damping for certain combinations of parameters. These combinations of parameters correspond to a region in parameter space where two-impacts-per-cycle motions are observed over a wide range of nondimensional base accelerations. The value of the nondimensional acceleration at which the onset of two-impacts-per-cycle solutions occurs depends on the nondimensional gap clearance and the coefficient of restitution. The range of nondimensional gap clearances over which two-impacts-per-cycle solutions are observed increases as the coefficient of restitution increases. In the regime of two-impacts-per-cycle solutions, the value of nondimensional base acceleration corresponding to onset of these solutions initially decreases and then increases with increasing nondimensional gap clearance. As the two-impacts-per-cycle solutions are associated with high loss factors that are relatively insensitive to changing conditions, they are of great interest to the designer.

Viscosity Effect on Thermocapillary Rupture of Falling Liquid Films

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zaitsev ◽  
Andrey Semenov ◽  
Oleg Kabov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Liquid Films ◽  
Liquid Viscosity ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Generalize Data ◽  
Wide Range

Rupture of a subcooled liquid film flowing over an inclined plate with a 150×150 mm heater is studied for a wide range of liquid viscosity (dynamic viscosity μ = (0.91–17.2)x10−3 Pa·s) and plate inclination angle with respect to the horizon (Θ = 3–90 deg). The main governing parameters of the experiment and their respective values are: Reynolds number Re = 0.15–54, heat flux q = 0–224 W/cm2. The effect of the heat flux on the film flow leads to the formation of periodically flowing rivulets and thin film between them. As the heat flux grows the film thickness between rivulets gradually decreases, and, upon reaching a certain threshold heat flux, qidp, the film ruptures in the area between the rivulets. The threshold heat flux increases with the flow rate of liquid and with the liquid viscosity, while the plate inclination angle has little effect on qidp. Criterion Kp, which is traditionally used in the literature to predict thermocapillary film rupture, was found to poorly generalize data for high viscous liquids (ethylene glycol, and aqueous solutions of glycerol) and also data for Θ≤45 deg. The criterion Kp was modified by taking into account characteristic critical film thickness for film rupture under isothermal conditions (no heating), deduced from existing theoretical models. The modified criterion has allowed to successfully generalize data for whole ranges of μ, Re, Θ and q, studied.

scholarly journals Sustaining community-university partnerships

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Northmore ◽  
Angie Hart
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Partnerships ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
University Partnership

In recent years there has been a huge growth in the academic literature on community-university partnership working. However, much of this is practice based and the issue of how such partnerships can be sustained over time is not adequately reflected in the literature. This introductory chapter lays the foundations for the subsequent thirteen articles by first discussing notions of sustainability, in part by providing a brief overview of the Community University Partnership Programme (Cupp) at the University of Brighton, UK. After a period of rapid growth, we are increasingly concerned with how to sustain the reciprocal relationships that underpin long-term engagement, a situation exacerbated by potential looming funding cuts. Paradoxically, however, this article suggests that while funding is an important element of sustainability, the current economic challenges may help to generate sustainability as community-university partnerships are forced to examine what other factors contribute to lasting relationships. It is these ‘other factors’ that the articles in this collection fruitfully explore. Coming from the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, they examine the core research question that concerns us: how do we address the challenges of building sustainable community-university partnerships, especially with disadvantaged and excluded communities, at a time of diminishing resources? Despite the wide range of community needs and methodological diversity involved, the articles suggest that some common characteristics underpin sustainability. These include: genuine reciprocity; mutual learning; and a creative approach to partnership building that recognises the diverse purposes of partners. This introductory chapter concludes that there is a need to further refine our understanding of community-university partnerships through the development of more theoretical models of sustainability. Keywords: sustainability, partnerships, reciprocal relationships, mutual learning

scholarly journals Multilayer modelling of waves generated by explosive submarine volcanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Hayward ◽  
Colin N. Whittaker ◽  
Emily M. Lane ◽  
William Power ◽  
Stéphane Popinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underwater Explosion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Submarine Volcanism ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Source Models

Abstract. Theoretical source models of underwater explosions are often applied in studying tsunami hazards associated with submarine volcanism; however, their use in numerical codes based on the shallow water equations can neglect the significant dispersion of the generated wavefield. A non-hydrostatic multilayer method is validated against a laboratory-scale experiment of wave generation from instantaneous disturbances and at field-scale submarine explosions at Mono Lake, California, utilising the relevant theoretical models. The numerical method accurately reproduces the range of observed wave characteristics for positive disturbances and suggests a previously unreported relationship of extended initial troughs for negative disturbances at low dispersivity and high nonlinearity parameters. Satisfactory amplitudes and phase velocities within the initial wave group are found using underwater explosion models at Mono Lake. The scheme is then applied to modelling tsunamis generated by volcanic explosions at Lake Taupō, New Zealand, for a magnitude range representing ejecta volumes between 0.04–0.4 km3. Waves reach all shores within 15 minutes with maximum incident crest amplitudes around 4 m at shores near the source. This work shows that the multilayer scheme used is computationally efficient and able to capture a wide range of wave characteristics, including dispersive effects, which is necessary when investigating submarine explosions. This research therefore provides the foundation for future studies involving a rigorous probabilistic hazard assessment to quantify the risks and relative significance of this tsunami source mechanism.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Semantic Content of Subjects, Predicates, and Objects and Its Dependence on the Use Of Attributes and Adverbial Modifiers in Sentence Composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Malanov ◽  
◽  
Marina S. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers

In the article describes the influence of syntactic organization of speech utterances on peculiarities of actualization and reproduction of their subject-semantic content (meanings). There has been tested the hypotheses that the semantic content of subjects, predicates, and objects is reproduced more efficiently: 1) when attributes are used in the composition of statements with nouns (subjects and objects), and with verbs (predicates) – adverbial modifiers; 2) when there is a deliberate focus on highlighting the semantic content of nouns or verbs in the composition of statements. The methods of varying lexical and syntactic means in the text composition presented to respondents were used as independent variables. The language means respondents used to manifest fragments of semantic content were analyzed as dependent variables. The study involved 90 respondents (72 men, 18 women) aged 25-40. While the first hypothesis has been confirmed, the second still requires additional research. The results obtained indicate that in updating and reproducing the subject-semantic content of speech utterances it is the attribution of signs and properties to objects and processes that is of great importance.The experimental organization scheme used in the study reveals a wide range of patterns that can serve to confirm / refute various hypotheses and theoretical models in psycholinguistics.

scholarly journals Theoretical Models for Interpreting the Dielectric Behaviour of HF-doped Ice

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (85) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Camplin ◽  
J. W. Glen ◽  
J. G. Paren
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Electrical Conduction ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ice Lattice

AbstractTo understand the recent dielectric measurements made on HF-doped ice single crystals requires a full knowledge of the concentration of electrical defects present in ice and their subsequent interactions. Previous interpretations of the behaviour of HF-doped ice have concentrated upon specific features in isolation, whereas this paper presents analyses of a data set of 139 temperature and impurity combinations from 17 HF-doped ice single crystals. The interpretation of the behaviour of these crystals is in terms of several possible theoretical models. All models are based upon the common assumptions that HF molecules enter the ice lattice substitutionally and that excess Bjerrum and ionic defects can be formed at the HF sites. They also use the theory of electrical conduction in ice by Jaccard (1959) and the defect equilibria analysis in ice by Kroger (1974).All models yield values for the concentration, mobility, energy of formation and charges for the different types of electrical defect considered to be generated.From the model which assumes that only three fluorine centres exist, the approximate derived values of the mobility and charge for the L-defect and positive ionic defect are as follows: μL = 5 × 10-8 m2 V-1 s-1 at 273 K, eDL = 0.44e; μ+ = 2.7 × 10-8 m2 V-1 s-1 at 273 K, e± 0.73e.Finally, using the derived defect conductivities and the Jaccard theory of electrical conduction, the relaxation tune of HF-doped ice has been successfully predicted over a wide range of temperature and fluoride concentration.

scholarly journals Overall Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shi ◽  
Michael F. Goodchild ◽  
Michael Batty ◽  
Mei-Po Kwan ◽  
Anshu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Informatics ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Science ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractUrban informatics is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding, managing, and designing the city using systematic theories and methods based on new information technologies. Integrating urban science, geomatics, and informatics, urban informatics is a particularly timely way of fusing many interdisciplinary perspectives in studying city systems. This edited book aims to meet the urgent need for works that systematically introduce the principles and technologies of urban informatics. The book gathers over 40 world-leading research teams from a wide range of disciplines, who provide comprehensive reviews of the state of the art and the latest research achievements in their various areas of urban informatics. The book is organized into six parts, respectively covering the conceptual and theoretical basis of urban informatics, urban systems and applications, urban sensing, urban big data infrastructure, urban computing, and prospects for the future of urban informatics. This introductory chapter provides a definition of urban informatics and an outline of the book’s structure and scope.

scholarly journals Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the practice of endocrinologist

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Agunda V. Dzagaxova ◽  
Nino N. Katamadze ◽  
Ekaterina A. Pigarova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Inappropriate Secretion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water And Electrolyte Balance

Hyponatremia is the most common disorder of water and electrolyte balance encountered in clinical practice. Conditions associated with hyponatremia require hospitalization in 15–20% of cases. Hyponatremia is a predictor of poor outcome in a wide range of diseases and therefore requires an interdisciplinary approach. This problem leads to an increase in complications and the length of hospital stay and mortality. The review focuses on the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which accounts for approximately one third of all cases of hyponatremia and is more common in endocrinology than other fluid and electrolyte disorders along with central diabetes insipidus. The article presents modern approaches to the treatment of SIADH based on international clinical guidelines.

scholarly journals Polarimetry and Physics of Be Star Envelopes (Review paper)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
George V. Coyne ◽  
Ian S. McLean
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Intermediate Band ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Be Star ◽  
Polarization Studies

A review of the most recent developments in polarization studies of Be stars is presented. New polarization techniques for high-resolution spectropolarimetry and for near infrared polarimetry are described and a wide range of new observations are discussed. These include broadband, intermediate-band and multichannel observations of the continuum polarization of Be stars in the wavelenght interval 0.3–2.2 microns, high resolution (0.5 Å) line profile polarimetry of a few stars and surveys of many stars for the purposes of statistical analyses. The physical significance of the observational material is discussed in the light of recent theoretical models. Emphasis is placed on the physical and geometrical parameters of Be star envelopes which polarimetry helps to determine.

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