scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING COMPOSITE PAVERS OF CONTINUOUS ACTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sattarova ◽  
R. Safin ◽  
D. Prosvirnikov
Keyword(s):  
Wood Flour ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Continuous Action ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
High Polarity

Rational use of natural resources, and the involvement of wood waste generated in the logging and wood processing industry in the production of new products useful for society and the economy, is an urgent task of modern production. The use of wood flour of various fractions does not allow the most complete binding of the polymer to wood particles, since the cellulose polymer has a high polarity. This problem can be solved by soft contact thermal modification, as a result of which there is an increase in strength indicators and a decrease in the degree of water absorption. Thermomodification leads to a decrease in the hydroxyl groups of cellulose, which contributes to an increase in the binding with the polymer, its deeper penetration into the pores of the modified crushed wood particles. The paper presents a technology that allows to obtain composite paving stones from thermally modified flour, thermoplastic polymers with chemical additives and modifiers, continuous action.

scholarly journals The influence of irradiated wood filler on some properties of polypropylene - wood composites

2007 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Production

The problem of compatibility between the wood filler and thermoplastic matrix is of essential importance in composite production. Numerous methods have been developed for increasing this compatibility, which is still representing a challenging objective of composite research throughout the world. The research into these methods is primarily directed towards their efficiency from the viewpoint of the composite performance and their economical acceptability. The latter is of particular importance for the composite production in the developing countries with respect to the shortage of the corresponding funds. With this respect, the utilization of ionizing radiation might have considerable advantages. In this research, the beech wood flour was irradiated by a dose of 10 kGy of 60Co gamma rays for purpose of provoking the changes by the ionizing effect. The effects of ionizing radiation upon the properties of wood particles have been examined by IR spectroscopy and by determination of contents of hydroxyl groups in wood by acetylating as an indirect method. All these methods have been expected to reveal the chemical effects of the applied radiation treatment. The irradiated and the control wood flour were used in order to produce the samples of composite with polypropylene. The polypropylene-wood flour (PP-WF) composites were produced with 40% of wood particles having fraction size 0.3 mm. The melt-blended composites were modified with amido-acrylic acid (AMACA) as a new coupling agent synthesized for this propose in amount of 6 wt.% (based on wood filler) and successively with 0.05 wt.% (based on PP) of organic peroxide during mixing step. The composites containing coupling agents showed superior mechanical properties, compared to the untreated one. The highest extent of improvement of tensile was achieved in PP-WFl composites modified with AMACA coupling agent.

Research of Wood Thermal Modification Process in Flue Gases Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Ruslan R. Safin ◽  
P.A. Kaynov ◽  
Elena A. Beliakova
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Modes Of Processing ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate ◽  
Modified Wood

Thermal modification is a modern demanded technology allowing receiving natural environmentally friendly material with increased bioproofness and dimensional stability. However, the known technologies of heat treatment of massive wood are rather power-intensive therefore an urgent task is to decrease the energy consumption rate of this process. For this purpose the authors have suggested the technology at which the flue gases, received by gasification of waste of the wood processing industry, act as the agent of processing. The results of the research of this process are presented in the article, the rational modes of processing for concrete types of timber (oak, pine and birch, thickness from 30 to 60 mm) are defined and also the interrelation between the moist characteristics of the wood fuel used for receiving flue gas and the technological modes of processing of massive wood are established. It is also defined that the thickness and breed of material, namely the maintenance of pentosanes as a part of the modified wood exerts impact on the process of thermal decomposition of timber.

The Dimensional Characteristics of the Particles of Wood Dust of Selected Deciduous Trees Considering to Explosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Mračková ◽  
Ivana Tureková
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Means Of Measurement ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Jacaranda Mimosifolia

The article is dealing with wood dust particle size problem in consideration of their fire and explosion. The aim of the thesis is statistical evaluation of wooden particles of Palisander (Jacaranda Mimosifolia) and Oak (Quercus robur L.). The samples were taken from the operation of the production furniture, in which dust is formed during the technology. Measurement was carried out by laser analyzer. Measurements were carried out on samples in specific time interval. Values, which were acquired, were evaluated of characteristics of the Weibull Distribution and treated in statistical program. It has been found by means of measurement and evaluation that sample of Palisander (Jacaranda Mimosifolia) has finer grain than sample of Oak (Quercus robur L.), therefore the has greater assumption to the creation of fire and explosions in process at the wood processing. We note in comparison with other sizes of wood particles, that the percentages are comparable.

scholarly journals Obtaining a diesel fuel component from liquid products of oxidative pyrolysis of wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052040
Author(s):  
F A Buryukin ◽  
V A Safin ◽  
S S Kositcyna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxidative Pyrolysis ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Recycling and rational use of wood-processing industry waste is an urgent task for the economy and industry. On the basis of experimental studies on the oxidative pyrolysis of Siberian pine and Downy birch, a basic technological scheme for components of motor fuels obtaining is proposed. It is shown that the main components of liquid products of wood pyrolysis in water vapor are aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as oxygen-containing compounds that need to be hydrogenated.

Reduction of aldehydes and terpenes within pine wood by microbial activity

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Widhalm ◽  
Thomas Ters ◽  
Ewald Srebotnik ◽  
Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Wood Particles

Abstract Aldehydes and terpenes are the most frequently emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wood-processing industry. These emissions are classified as injurious to health and hazardous to the environment. To address this problem, the growth conditions have been identified under which bacteria extensively degrade both aldehydes and particularly terpenes in pine wood particles as a raw material for the production of particle boards. In this study, the focus was on pentanal and hexanal (aldehydes) as well as α- and β-pinene (terpenes). Bacterial strains were selected for their ability to metabolize α-pinene as single carbon source in liquid culture medium. α-Pinene degradation was then determined by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas showed the best results (98% degradation after 72 h). Comparably good results were also achieved with the thermophilic strain Bacillus pallidus (90% degradation) at 55°C. Furthermore, an adapted mixed culture of Pseudomonas species was inoculated onto wood particles and incubated at room temperature for 3 days. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) measurements of emitted volatiles and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated a complete removal (100%) of aldehydes and, even more importantly, α- and β-pinene. Pre-treatment of unsterile pine wood particles with Pseudomonas species may have potential for industrial application.

Comprehensive evaluation of the industrial processing effects on the fiber properties of the pulps from wood residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Kuizhong Shen ◽  
Gaiyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Fiber Separation

AbstractWood processing residue, as an essential forest resource, is underestimated in the industrial applications. With the development of pulping technology, fiber quality and cost control have become the important prospects. It is very crucial to investigate the influencing factors of pulping, designed to reveal the relationship between fiber separation and physical performances. In this study, a range of effect factors of large-scale pulping process, including wood species, pretreatment, mechanical conditions, and post-bleaching treatment, were comprehensively investigated. The results illustrated that the industrial pulping process affected the dimensions of the fibers, their surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability. The separated positions of the fibers were determined collectively by the mechanical temperature, time, and wood species. In addition, mild bleaching could effectively increase the crystallinity index, accessibility of the hydroxyl groups, and water retention values. However, it exerted a negative influence on the thermal stability. Further, chemical-assisted-refinement can replace higher temperature and prolonged ones to obtain pulp fibers with high quality while consuming less energy. Improved knowledge of how the industrial affects the fiber separation of a wood matrix and pulp quality is required as a basis for the development of the pulp and paper industry.

Anti-Fungal and Anti-Algal Performances of Biocides Filled PVC and Wood/PVC Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apisit Kositchaiyong ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Anti Fungal

The anti-fungal and anti-algal growth performances of wood poly (vinyl chloride) composite (WPVC) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) containing either fungicides or algaecides at various concentrations were quantitatively evaluated using biological standard tests. The commercial fungicides, namely Carbendazim and IPBC in range of 10,000-50,000 ppm, and algaecides, namely Terbutryn and Isoproturon in range of 250-1,500 ppm, were incorporated into PVC and PVC composites with a fixed wood flour content of 100 pph. Disk diffusion test and dry weight technique, usingAspergillus nigeras testing fungi, were used for anti-fungal evaluation while inhibition zone test usingChlorella vulgarisas testing algae, were utilized for anti-algal evaluation. The results suggested that IPBC exhibited better anti-fungal efficiency than Carbendazim for both PVC and WPVC composites, especially at the suggested IPBC concentrations of 30,000 ppm or higher. Terbutryn showed better anti-algal efficiency than Isoproturon. The recommended loadings of Terbutryn for complete algae killing were 1,000 and 500 ppm for neat PVC and WPVC composites, respectively. The wood particles added in PVC were found to improve the anti-fungal and anti-algal properties in PVC composites, which could be regarded as “anti-microbial promoter” under the commercial biocides used in this work.

scholarly journals Fire Retardancy, Water Absorption, and Viscoelasticity of Borated Wood—Polycarbonate Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Jingfa Zhang ◽  
Ahmed Koubaa ◽  
Dan Xing ◽  
François Godard ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Creep Properties

Demand for high-performance biocomposites is increasing due to their ease of processing, low environmental impact, and in-service performance. This study investigated the effect of boric acid modification of wood flour on polycarbonate (PC) wood composites’ thermal stability, fire retardancy, water absorption, and creep behavior. The composites’ fire retardancy increased with increasing wood flour content, and their char residue increased by 102.3% compared to that of pure PC. However, the water absorption of the resulting composites increased due to the hydroxyl groups of the wood flour. Wood flour also improved the composites’ anti-creep properties. The excellent fire retardancy and anti-creep properties of wood–PC composites expand their use in the construction sector.

scholarly journals Thermal modification of wood—a review: chemical changes and hygroscopicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum Hill ◽  
Michael Altgen ◽  
Lauri Rautkari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Oh Groups

Abstract Thermal modification is a well-established commercial technology for improving the dimensional stability and durability of timber. Numerous reviews of thermally modified timber (TMT) are to be found in the scientific literature, but until now a review of the influence of cell wall moisture content during the modification process on the properties of TMT has been lacking. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the hygroscopic and dimensional behaviour of TMT modified under dry (cell wall at nearly zero moisture content) and wet (cell wall contains moisture) conditions. After an overview of the topic area, the review explores the literature on the thermal degradation of the polysaccharidic and lignin components of the cell wall, as well as the role of extractives. The properties of TMT modified under wet and dry conditions are compared including mass loss, hygroscopic behaviour and dimensional stability. The role of hydroxyl groups in determining the hygroscopicity is discussed, as well as the importance of considering the mobility of the cell wall polymers and crosslinking when interpreting sorption behaviour. TMT produced under wet processing conditions exhibits behaviour that changes when the wood is subjected to water leaching post-treatment, which includes further weight loss, changes in sorption behaviour and dimensional stability, but without any further change in accessible hydroxyl (OH) content. This raises serious questions regarding the role that OH groups play in sorption behaviour. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Influence of chemical treatment on dimensional stability of narrow-leaved ash - part one: Tangential swelling

2012 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Jasmina Popovic ◽  
Milanka Djiporovic-Momcilovic
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment

Dimensional change in wood occurs with the change in hygroscopic moisture content, as a consequence of available hydroxyl groups in wood constituents, allowing for the hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Various pretreatments of wood material are being frequently applied in the wood processing industry. One of the main effects of such processes is the hydrolysis of hemicelluloses, which is the main carrier of the free hydroxyl groups in wood material. Hence, the influence of water treatment and the acetic acid treatment on dimensional stability of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. ssp. Pannonica So? & Simon) were examined in this paper. Duration of treatments was 1h, 2h, 3h and 4h for both solvents. In addition the acetic acid was separately used in concentrations of 3% and 6%. Dimensional stability of the control (referent) and treated sample groups were tested on oven dried samples which were consequently submerged in the distilled water during 32 days. The increase of dimensional stability of narrow-leaved ash was achieved with all of the three treatments (one treatment with water and the two with acetic acid solutions). Simultaneously, it was noticed that the results of water uptake and tangential swelling were not significantly affected by the duration (length) of the treatments.

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