scholarly journals Conflict and Reconciliation of Binary Opposition in a Passage to India and a Passage to England

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Mahmoda Khaton Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Anglo Indian

The well-known myth of binary- England and India creates a conflict for the contrastive attitude in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Nirad C Chaudhuri’s travelogue A Passage to England. The binary opposition of Anglo-Indian as colonizers and Indians as colonized leads to another set of binary, white-colored, and civilized-primitive in A Passage to India. This binary contradicts each other to form them in another set of binary, controller-controlled during the British imperial rule in India. The contrastive structure is in the form of conflict reflected in their outlook, behavior, and lifestyle in this novel. On the other hand, by an eight-week-journey in western countries, Chaudhuri, as an Indian in England, exposes what he observes in the west together with the reality of India in the travelogue. He recognizes the social binaries upholded by Jacques Derrida in A Passage to England. Chaudhuri in his book has executed this binary sense as England-India, British-Indians possessing two independent entities of the world. The two writers, through Hegel’s dialectic process, place the binary opposition implanting Derrida’s view. The article focuses on the nature of the conflict and tries to explore reconciliation of the conflicts based on the comparative analysis of two books.

Omar Noman. Economic and Social Progress in Asia: Why Pakistan Did Not Become a Tiger. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1997. 324 pages. Hardbound. Rs 575.00.

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Faisal Bari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Korea ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The West ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

Most people in Pakistan look towards the West for models of economic development, and some even look to the Islamic past. But in recent decades, the more spectacular cases have been much closer to home, and towards the East. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are already in the ranks of the developed, while China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand are making good progress. Despite the recent setbacks, their progress over the last three decades has been enviable. On the other hand, the countries in South Asia have lagged behind. Four decades ago there was little to choose between most of these countries, but by the seventies, the paths of some had clearly diverged, while others were beginning to diverge. Today, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are amongst the poorest in the world, and on certain measures, they are the poorest! What happened in the last four decades? This is the issue that Omar Noman tackles in this book.

Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shafieyan
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Studies

Jacques Derrida believed that metaphysics in the West has involved installing hierarchies, orders, and binaries in which one party enjoys the presence of a feature that the other party wants. Every succession relies on the idea of originariness, and thus the identity of the latter depends upon the former, for the presence of one element takes priority to its absence. This is how a binary opposition comes to being. Although basing his ideas on Saussure’s philosophy of language, Derrida objected to the latter’s “binary opposition” on the grounds that the interpretations predicated on this thought were called into question because there is no true opposition between a pair of notions. This protest led him to create binary pairs. This article reveals the problems accompanying the conception of the binary pair and offer alternatives. The researcher does not mean to reject the binary pair itself; however, underlining this idea in a way that obstructs other paths will be questioned and some supplementary notions for the binary opposition and binary pair will be proposed.

scholarly journals Automatic comparison of global children’s and adult songs supports a sensorimotor hypothesis for the origin of musical scales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichiro Sato ◽  
Joren Six ◽  
Peter Pfordresher ◽  
Shinya Fujii ◽  
Patrick E. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Integer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Children's Songs ◽  
The World ◽  
Musical Scales

Music throughout the world varies greatly, yet some musical features like scale structure display striking cross-cultural similarities. Are there musical laws or biological constraints that underlie this diversity? The “vocal mistuning” hypothesis proposes that cross-cultural regularities in musical scales arise from imprecision in vocal tuning, while the integer-ratio hypothesis proposes that they arise from perceptual principles based on psychoacoustic consonance. In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted automatic comparative analysis of 100 children’s and adult songs from throughout the world. We found that children’s songs tend to have narrower melodic range, fewer scale degrees, and less precise intonation than adult songs, consistent with motor limitations due to their earlier developmental stage. On the other hand, adult and children’s songs share some common tuning intervals at small-integer ratios, particularly the perfect 5th (~3:2 ratio). These results suggest that some widespread aspects of musical scales may be caused by motor constraints, but also suggest that perceptual preferences for simple integer ratios might contribute to cross-cultural regularities in scale structure. We propose a “sensorimotor hypothesis” to unify these competing theories.

scholarly journals MAQASHID AL-SYARIAH SEBAGAI KONSEP DASAR DALAM TEORI PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Alvan Fathony
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Divine Law

The majority of fuqoha 'has defined fiqh as a result of understanding, tashawwur and critical reasoning (al-idrak) of a mujtahid. But on the other hand, fiqh as a result of ijtihad teryata is often described as divine law (sharia). As Ijma '(consensus), there are many differences in defining it, but until now there are still many fuqoha' who regard ijma 'as qath'i propositions which are level with texts and are sariari-made propositions' and even claim that those who oppose ijma 'including infidels. Humans often traditionalize actions that are considered good and are their daily needs, so that Islam also still recognizes and contributes to maintaining the tradition (‘Urf) into a method of observation, not only maintaining it but because it pays more attention to the benefit of the people. Because Islam comes in the context of regulating the social order that is oriented towards achieving benefit and avoiding loss (madlarat), moreover the texts of the Shari'a itself do not provide a detailed solution to the diversity of problems of each community. Traditionally the implications of Urf are very limited to only space and time, while legal decisions continue to apply even in different situations and conditions. So the view of jurisprudence towards the world (jurist's worldview) is intended as the development of the Urf concept in order to achieve the universality of maqashid al-sharia.

M.M. Prishvin and B.A. Pilnyak: To the history of creative relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Svyatoslavsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability

The article considers the history of creative and personal relationships of M. Prishvin and B. Pilnyak from 1922 to the beginning of the 1930s, basing on epistolary and diary entries. In the presence of stable, largely friendly relations between the two writers, their character was complicated by Prishvin’s very critical attitude towards his fellow writer, expressed in a number of sharp assessments of some of Pilnyak’s works. On the other hand, it is noted that Prishvin appreciates the artistic talent of Pilnyak as a master of vivid sketchy images. The discussion on the comparative analysis of Pilnyak’s novel “The Naked Year” written on fresh traces of the revolution and Prishvin’s novel “The World Cup” with the involvement of A.K. Voronsky and L.D. Trotsky was separately considered. The author of the article sees some sort of paradox in the Prishvins’ negative position regarding Pilniak’s novel in the obvious genre-stylistic commonality of both works, marked by traits of expressionism and “ornamental prose”. The article also attempts to explain the reasons for the stability of relations between the two writers over the years through a certain commonality of their views in terms of the historical fate of Russia, which made them, by and large, allies in the difficult ideological struggle of the 1920s and 30s.

Wittgenstein and Social Science

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Roger Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

The work of the later Wittgenstein has had a vast influence in the field of social science. This is hardly surprising as the effect of that philosophy has been an emphasis on the priority of the social. Empiricist philosophy started with the private experience of the individual and from there built up an inter-subjective picture of the world. Wittgenstein, on the other hand, began with the rule-governed practices of a community. Both the nature of private experience, and of an objective world, was deemed to depend on concepts all could share. Society is the source of such concepts and thus becomes the key notion in our understanding of ourselves and our relation to the world.

Thou Shalt Not Enter the Bazaar on Rainy Days! Zemmi Merchants in Safavid Isfahan: Shiʿite Feqh Meeting Social Reality

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-185
Author(s):  
Sarah Kiyanrad
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
East And West ◽  
Rainy Days

Abstract Many Muslim and non-Muslim merchants from East and West were attracted to Safavid Isfahan, the new “center of the world,” a city that also played host to its own mercantile communities, among them many zemmi traders—Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians. As representatives of the newly-established Twelver Shiʿite theology, Safavid religious scholars felt the need to offer commentary on evolving issues on a theoretical level, sometimes writing not in Arabic but in New Persian. How did they regard the activities of zemmi merchants? Were zemmi traders subject to religiously-motivated restrictions? Or did they, on the other hand, enjoy exclusive rights? While my paper focusses on these questions, it will also compare the legal opinions of selected Safavid foqahāʾ on the social reality as reflected in travelogues and through historiography.

scholarly journals Conflict and Reconciliation Beween Orient and Occident in a Passage to India and a Passage to England

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Mahmoda Khaton Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India nourishes the facet of superiority and inferiority, self and other between occident and orient revealed in Orientalism. Through the character analysis and the development of the plot, the writer shows the conflicts of these senses. The novel narrates the colonial exercise-the English’s rule in India and the relationship between the Indians and the English. The perceived idea, misconception, and colonial politics prevail in the two races. The characters from the English and the Indians find the oriental concept a barrier in their integration for giving pre-eminence of everything occidental and representing the oriental as an inferior other. On the other hand, though Chaudhuri in his travelogue, A Passage to England rounds with a preconceived idea formulated by the west, he feels doubt to meet the west. But he feels home with the west after meeting them. The writer, through his experience, tries to find out the explanation of the west’s negative view on the East. The article tries to explore whether a proper reconciliation or harmony is possible in the conflict of orient and occident following thesis-antithesis-synthesis through the comparative analysis of these books.

Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shafieyan
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Studies

Jacques Derrida believed that metaphysics in the West has involved installing hierarchies, orders, and binaries in which one party enjoys the presence of a feature that the other party wants. Every succession relies on the idea of originariness, and thus the identity of the latter depends upon the former, for the presence of one element takes priority to its absence. This is how a binary opposition comes to being. Although basing his ideas on Saussure’s philosophy of language, Derrida objected to the latter’s “binary opposition” on the grounds that the interpretations predicated on this thought were called into question because there is no true opposition between a pair of notions. This protest led him to create binary pairs. This article reveals the problems accompanying the conception of the binary pair and offer alternatives. The researcher does not mean to reject the binary pair itself; however, underlining this idea in a way that obstructs other paths will be questioned and some supplementary notions for the binary opposition and binary pair will be proposed.

Cognitive Matrices of the HERO — ANTIHERO Conceptual Opposition: a comparative analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Anna S. Samofalova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Attitude

This article presents a comparative study of the cognitive matrices of the binary opposition HERO — ANTIHERO in the Russian and English conceptual spheres through the prism of anthropocentric approaches. The cognitive-matrix analysis helps to distinguish cognitive matrices of the binary opposition HERO — ANTIHERO in “Doctor Zhivago” by B. Pasternak and “Death of a Hero” by R. Aldington. The research points out that there are isomorphic and allomorphic features in the linguo­cognitive models. Isomorphic features express similar cognitive processes and both writers’ deep concern over the political situation during the war; on the other hand, allomorphic features depict heroes and authors’ certain culture-specific mentalities and visions of the world. The comparative analysis of language means and cognitive mechanisms of the binary opposition HERO — ANTIHERO reveals the antonymous nominations of the concepts representing the dialectical unity of opposites and reflects the authors’ individual attitude to the war and heroism in the works under consideration.

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