Development of Leather Cutting Board from Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitsum Etefa Ahmed ◽  
Rotick K. Gideon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
The Cost

Cutting is the process in which goods or garment material are cut and converted into pattern shapes of the goods or garment components. There are two methods of Leather cutting, which are hand cutting and machine cutting. Hand cutting is done with the use of hand knife, cutting board and cutting patterns. Machine cutting can be done using semi-automatic cutting machines or fully-automatic cutting machines. Currently, in Ethiopia, different local and foreign investors are participating in leather products manufacturing. Most of the leather product manufacturing industry and some Small and Medium enterprise’s (SME’s) in the country are using leather cutting machines in order to cut leather goods or garment parts. Most of the industry and SMEs are using imported cutting board made of plastics and rubbers. However, these cutting boards are expensive.   This research aimed at developing a cutting board made from HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) plastic waste as main material, calcium carbonate as a filler and glass fiber as a reinforcing material. Primary and secondary data gathering techniques were applied simultaneously. Primary data were collected through interview and field observation. Secondary data was gathered by reviewing different literature. The cutting board developed through collecting HDPE plastic waste, washing, shredding and melting the shredded plastic with filler and reinforcing material. The melted plastic poured in to cutting board mold and cooled. The developed cutting board was compared with HDPE cutting board available in the local market. The developed board showed relative compression and hardness properties with the HDPE cutting board available in the market. In the cost analysis, the developed cutting board is cheaper than the cutting board which available in the market. However, the cutting board in the market has better surface texture and quality than the developed cutting board. Melting HDPE plastic waste using metal or clay cooking pots and charcoal fire is a tedious task and smoke from the fire will cause human health problem and will affect environment. Consequently, manual plastic melting method is not feasible for mass production, because it is difficult to control the amount of heat (charcoal fire) during melting process. Based on this the authors recommend using machine based plastic melting and molding during HDPE and related plastic recycling.

scholarly journals Analisis Standar Belanja Kegiatan Penyediaan Alat Tulis Kantor Pada Pemerintah Kota Sungai Penuh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Rina Widyanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Performance Budgeting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simple Regression

Analysis of Expense Standards (ASB) is a guideline used to analyze the reasonableness of workload or cost of each activity undertaken by the Unit (SKPD) in one fiscal year. The purpose of this research is to develop ASB especially for activity provision of stationery (ATK). The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the DPA-SKPD Sungai Penuh City government. The primary data of interviews with leaders and some of the staff as well as the relevant officials. Data analysis method used is a simple regression. Simple regression analysis is a method of forecasting which will predict the cost standards for ATK activities. This activity is affected by the triggering factors (cost drivers) is the amount of activity. The results of this study in the form of equations where the standard shopping ASB ATK influenced by the activity of providing fixed expenditure and expenditure variables. Shopping variable for this activity is influenced by the amount of activity. To create a model for the analysis of expenditure standard ATK activity is grouped into nine (9) functions of government services consisting of the economic service./unction, the function of health care, educational services, protective services, public services, tourism services and security, public services and housing facilities, service districts, and village services. Verify the reasonableness of calculations based on the formulation of the model ASB shopping on 9 functions of government services shows that the value of expenditure contained in each DPA SKPD can be approved based on the criteria of fairness shopping. However, there are obstacles in the processing of data in the form of data on some SKPDs DPA form the basis of ASB which included incomplete and the allocation of its budget is too high thus affecting the results of the formulation ASB. It is hoped that this study provides an overview to the team of local government budgets to increase performance budgeting in the future.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USATANI KEDELAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Dedi Djuliansah ◽  
Trisna Insan Noor ◽  
Yosini Deliana ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Land Area ◽  
C Value ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planting Season

This study aims to identify the cost, revenue, and income of soybean farming, identify the feasibility of soybean farming, identify the breakeven point and change the break-even point due to changes in selling prices in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in this study is a survey method, while the data used consists of primary data and secondary data. Determination of sample farmers using the Two Stage Cluster Random Sampling method, with a sample size of 65 people with a proportion of 27 farmers in paddy fields and 38 farmers in land, from a population of soybean farmers as many as 185 people.            The results of this study indicate that the cost of soybean farming per hectare in paddy fields is Rp. 5,896,896.90 with receipts of Rp 8,478,139.53 and income of Rp. 2,581,242.63, while the cost of soybean farming per hectare on land is Rp. 4,163,487.48 with receipts of 8,342,774.57 and income of Rp. 4,179,287.09. Soybean farming in land is more feasible to be cultivated with an R / C value of 2.01 while the R / C value in paddy fields is 1.45. Minimum acceptance received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season of Rp. 63,911.14 in paddy fields and Rp. 668,378.02 in land, the minimum production volume received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season is 10.65 Kg in paddy fields and 111.40 Kg in land and minimum land area that must be processed by farmers so that no loss in one planting season of 0.01 ha in paddy fields and 0.08 ha on land. Decrease in output price of Rp. 1,000.00 (16.67%) causes the minimum acceptance received by farmers from soybean farming so as not to lose in one planting season of Rp. 100,196.38 in paddy fields and Rp. 767,384.61 on land. The margin value of safety on soybean farming is 90.53 in wetland and 82.40 in land area

scholarly journals Factors affecting the performance of Indonesian special food SMEs in entrepreneurial orientation in East Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hutahayan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to examine comprehensively the factors determining the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Design/methodology/approach This study is quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected from entrepreneurs in East Java, those producing Indonesian special food. Secondary data was obtained from the literature, literature study, journals, Central Bureau of Statistics and the office of industry, trade, cooperatives and SMEs in East Java. Areas selected for this study were Surabaya, Madiun, Malang, Pasuruan, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The population was small and medium entrepreneurs producing Indonesian special food in the selected cities. Based on the PLS sampling rule, the number of samples in each research area was 50, with total of 300 respondents (50 × 6). The methods of collecting primary data were interviews and questionnaire. Data analysis was done using GSCA. Findings The study firstly found the significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business strategies of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. SME managers have a high entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it found a significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Thirdly, the study found that government policy is not a moderating variable. Additionally, business strategies have a significant influence on the performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Finally, dynamics of the environment and business strategy have a significant influence on the performance of manufacturing industry in South Sulawesi. Originality/value To know the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, environmental dynamism, consisting of uncertainty of environment and intensity of competition, and business strategies toward business performance. Considering the findings of the previous studies, the authors would like to re-examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, which also compares the findings of previous studies, especially, the one by Lee and Tsang (2003) on SMEs in Singapore.

scholarly journals MOBILITAS SIRKULER DI DESA SEA SATU KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATEN MINAHASA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Simon Samuel A. Wales ◽  
Agnes E. Loho ◽  
Jean F. J. Timban
Keyword(s):  
Home Ownership ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Head Office ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Village

This study aims to determine the circular mobility that occurs in the Sea Satu Village, Pineleng Sub-district of Minahasa Regency, based on several aspects. The data needed to answer for the objectives is primary data and secondary data. Data were collected from direct interviews with respondents, as well as other data taken directly at the Village Head Office. The data were analyzed descriptively and described based on aspects related to circular mobility in this Sea Satu Village. The characteristics of circular mobility practitioners in Desa Sea Satu Village are due to aspects of age, gender, number of family members, education level, occupation type (TNI/POLRI), civil servant, private employee, entrepreneur, Honorer, Craftman, Driver and Ojek) , the number of dependents. The incentive factors are the types of transportation, mileage, and the towing factors are the status of home ownership, and the cost of living.*jnkd*.

scholarly journals Efficiency analysis of chilli pepper farming with proliga technology application in Batam City

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Khoiru Rizqy Rambe ◽  
Jonri Suhendra Sitompul ◽  
Sugeng Widodo ◽  
Ahmad Misbah ◽  
Annisa Dhienar Alifia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Double Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farming Efficiency ◽  
Planting Season

The existing cultivation pattern of chilli pepper in Riau Islands is unable to fulfilled all market demands. Dissemination of double production (Produksi Lipat Ganda or Proliga) technology was an effort to increase chilli pepper production in Riau Islands. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology application. This research was conducted in Mei 2019 until April 2020 at Maju Mandiri Farmer Group, Setokok Village, Bulang District, Batam City. The primary data obtained from interviews, and the secondary data obtained from related agencies. Data analysis was carried out by calculating costs, revenues, income, and farming efficiency. Based on analysis results, it can be concluded that chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology generates an income of IDR 699,000,000, and the cost incurred in one planting season (12 months) reached IDR 213,193,500. Therefore, the income obtained by farmers is IDR 485,806,500 / hectare. This chilli pepper farming is considered efficient and profitable for farmers, as indicated by the R/C ratio value of 3.27.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Penjadwalan Waktu Pada Proyek Pembangunan Rumah Tipe 30 Di Istana Tegal Besar Kabupaten Jember Dengan Metode CPM

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Firdaus Hidayatul Iman ◽  
Hadi Wahyono ◽  
Eka Bambang Gusminto
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Critical Path Method ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Time Critical ◽  
The Cost

This research was conducted to evaluate the scheduling of time in the project of building type 30 house in Tegal Besar Jember Palace. This research is an action research research using CPM method. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in this research is data about how long building type 30 housing and expenses incurred to build type 30 house in Tegal Besar Palace Jember. Based on the result of research known that building of type 30 house in Tegal Besar Jember Palace based on CPM method for 54 days. While the cost out to build a type 30 house based on the critical path CPM method of Rp 43.983403. In terms of cost, the completion of the projects is no different because PT. Kinansyah Adi Jaya Land uses wholesale system and housing type 30 subsidized by government.Keywords: Time, Critical Path, Critical Path Method (CPM)

scholarly journals PROFIL BUDIDAYA SERTA KELEMBAGAAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI UDANG VANAME DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI, JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Lathifatul Rosyidah ◽  
Risna Yusuf ◽  
Rismutia Hayu Deswati
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Processing Plant

Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan salah satu sentra penghasil udang vaname terbesar di Indonesia. Udang ini merupakan komoditas ekspor ke berbagai negara yaitu Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, Jepang, dan beberapa negara di kawasan Asia. Peluang pemanfaatan udang vaname di Kabupaten Banyuwangi masih perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius dari stakeholder terkait untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing udang vaname di kancah nasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengggambarkan profil budidaya udang vaname serta rangkaian sistem distribusi udang vaname dari hulu sampai hilir.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey pada lima kecamatan sentra budidaya udang vaname di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Survei dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur yang telah disusun. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk menggambarkan temuan-temuan selama di lapang. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) petambak udang vaname di Kabupaten Banyuwangi memiliki kapasitas usaha dan kondisi budidaya yang berbeda-beda tergantung pada luasan lahan yang dimiliki, jumlah lahan, waktu pemeliharaan, jumlah siklus pertahun, bahkan jumlah benur yang digunakan pada setiap siklus tebar, 2) pemasaran udang vaname di Kabupaten Banyuwangi melalui dua sistem yaitu dari pembudidaya langsung dijual ke supllier untuk dijual ke cold storage di Banyuwangi dan Surabaya, dan yang kedua dari pembudidaya dijual ke pedagang pengepul, selanjutnya dari pedagang pengepul dijual ke pasar lokal di wilayah Banywuangi Bali dan Situbondo. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini yaitu perlunya dukungan akses informasi dan perbaikan sarana dan prasarana dari pemerintah sehingga arus distribusi udang vaname dapat berjalan lancar, efektif, dan efisien.Title: Distribution System of Vannamei Shrimp in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province he distribution system influences the availability of vannamei shrimp in local market of Banyuwangi Regency. However, there is less information on shrimp stock availability. This study aimed to describe the profile of vannamei shrimp farming and to analyze its distribution system in Banyuwangi Regency. The study used qualitative approach with a survey method in Banyuwangi Regency during April 2019. The primary data were collected through interview and discussion with 40 respondents oftraditional shrimp farmers, semi-intensive and intensive farming methods, collectors, suppliers, fish processing plant, logistic services, government officers, and Indonesian Shrimp Club associations(SCI). Secondary data were collected through literature studies. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative to illustrate research findings. The findings showed that; 1) vannamei shrimp farmers in Banyuwangi Regency differ in business capacity and farming condition depending on the farm size, 2) vannamei shrimp in Banyuwangi were marketed in two systems; first, direct selling from the farmers to suppliers for cold storage in Banyuwangi and Surabaya; second, sales from the farmers tocollectors for local markets in Banyuwangi, Bali and Situbondo. Therefore, government need to provide information access and infrastructure to support the ease, effectivity and efficiency of vannamei shrimpdistribution.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN MARGIN PEMASARAN BERAS BERDASARKAN MUSIM PANEN DI KECAMATAN KAKAS BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Andriano R. Manoppo ◽  
Joachim N K. Dumais ◽  
Paulus A. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Channel Pattern ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Level 2

This research aimed to compare the marketing margin on farmers, traders, and retailers in the harvest of last season and the season now and see rice marketing distribution channels. As a very important sector, rice is still facing many problems, especially with regard to the welfare of peasant producers. Rice marketing issues, including low selling price at the level of farmers marketing channel pattern, margin and marketing efficiency. This research was conducted in the district of West Kakas in four villages namely Tountimomor, Passo, Panasen, Kalawiran, as the biggest producer in West Kakas and this research during the month of July until completed. The data obtained are primary and secondary data. Primary data sourced from the opinions and interviews with related parties are the subject of research. Secondary data is data obtained by researchers who comes from a document from the relevant authorities, such as: internet, literature sources or literature books and the Central Bureau of Statistics. This study uses a snowball to the rice marketing channel. Based on research conducted showed that the cost and the marketing margin level channel 1 at harvest 1 lower than the cost and the marketing margin level channel 1 for the season 2, also the cost and marketing margin on channel 2 at harvest level 1 is still lower than the cost and the marketing margin at the channel level 2 for the season 2. The greater the marketing margin, the more inefficient the marketing system.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI BUAH RAMBUTAN DI DESA TALAWAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Wa Ode Ariany ◽  
Gene H. M. Kapantow ◽  
Caroline B. D. Pakasi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) in the form of a tree with fruit that has skin hair resembles a fruit crop wooded meant in the family Sapindaceae. Talawaan village is a center of rambutan fruit producer in North Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted in January to April 2016 in the village Talawaan Talawaan District of North Minahasa regency. This study using purposive sampling technique using a sample of 15 people rambutan growers. Data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the respondents farmers for the production of rambutan Talawaan village average per farmer as much as 1237.73 kg while the average production per tree as much as 78.51 kg with the average price per kilogram of rambutan Rp 6,000. Rambutan farm receipts on average per farmer Rp 7.4264 million while for the average receipts per tree Rp 471 060. Farm production costs to the cost of production per farmer Rp 228.374.33 while the cost of production per tree Rp 161.56.78, so revenues are reduced by the cost of production, the rambutan farm income to average per farmer Rp 7,198,025.67 while for earnings per tree Rp 454,904.63.

scholarly journals Improving Financial Performance Using Capital Budgeting Method Towards Cleaner Eyewear Product: A Case Study of Nasho

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Mia Juliani ◽  
Raden Aswin Rahadi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this study was to know the factor that can be improved in the financial performance of Nasho. Nasho is a brand that focuses on offering products for eyeglass and helmet application that can be water, dew and dust repellent by utilizing the application of nanotechnology in the scope market of Bandung. However, to adapt the technology for Nasho is currently hampered by the limited capital to develop the technology itself. The company needs to manage the capital and minimize the cost to optimize the finance. The company needs to control the cost and expenses to avoid the high number of costs and expenses in terms of the development business stage. The research will use a qualitative approach by conducting interviews to Mr. Reza optics that will cooperate with Nasho to sell the product and use secondary data information from literature review, journal, books and primary data from financial history of Nasho and survey from the consumer of Nasho namely College student, Medical staff and Motorcycle riders and the components that are relevant to the conceptual framework. Survey used to get the consumer product and buying tendency information from Nasho’s consumer to validate the assumption of brand, price and buying intencity. Interview was conducted to get the suitable number of sales that are being used for cash flow forecasting scenario. The findings of this research is Nasho had low financial performance in the first two years of the business. After the evaluation, this can be improved by making a financial planning mix for short term and long term using the capital budgeting method in the form of three optimal scenarios of cash flow, Net Present Value (NPV), IRR and payback period that can be used as an optimal plan to run this business for the next five years.

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