scholarly journals Thermal Characterization and Pyrolysis of Waste Leather Treated with CoCl₂ And MnC₂

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bañón ◽  
A. Torró ◽  
A. N. García ◽  
M. León ◽  
A. Marcilla
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis

Leather tanned with different agents was pyrolyzed in the presence of CoCl2 and MnCl2 catalysts.  A bovine leather sample tanned with two inorganic tanning agents (chromium and titanium salts) and two organic tanning agents (glutaraldehyde and methylacrylic resin) has been used in this study. The samples were soaked in solutions of CoCl2 or MnCl2 of known concentration. The influence on decomposition temperature and the resultant pyrolysis compounds has been evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and flash pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). A multivariate analysis has been applied to the pyrolysis products obtained confirming the effect of the catalyst treatment on leather, 

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Seawater Aged Polypropylene Over HZSM-5, HY, and Al-MCM-41

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3971-3974
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Muhammad Zain Siddiqui ◽  
Sangjae Jeong ◽  
Eun-Suk Jang ◽  
Young-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Poisoning ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Mcm 41

The effect of seawater aging on the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Although the surface properties of PP were of the oxidized form by seawater aging, the decomposition temperature and non-catalytic pyrolysis products of PP were relatively unchanged largely due to seawater aging. The catalytic pyrolysis of seawater-aged PP over all the catalysts produced smaller amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons than that of fresh PP due to catalyst poisoning caused by the residual inorganics. Among the catalysts, microporous HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3:23) produced the largest amount of aromatic hydrocarbons followed in order by microporous HY(30) and nanoporous Al-MCM-41(20) from seawater-aged PP due to the high acidity and appropriate pore size for the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Chemical, Mineralogical, and Refractory Characterization of Kaolin in the Regions of Huayacocotla-Alumbres, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
L. M. Romero-Guerrero ◽  
R. Moreno-Tovar ◽  
A. Arenas-Flores ◽  
Y. Marmolejo Santillán ◽  
F. Pérez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polarization Optical Microscopy ◽  
Plagioclase Feldspar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability

In the present work, the chemical, mineralogical, refractory, and microstructural characterizations of kaolinites from the Huayacocotla-Alumbres region, which is between Veracruz and Hidalgo border, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarization optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), refractoriness proof (pyrometric cone equivalent), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out. The analysis by POM showed that the kaolinization degree in this region is variable due to the presence of primary minerals, such as plagioclase, feldspar, and quartz. Additionally, hydrothermal alteration of the epithermal type was determined by oxidation of sulfides (pyrite and galena) and chlorite association. With the X-ray diffraction technique, andalusite and kaolinite were identified as the majority phases in Huayacocotla and quartz was identified as the majority phase in Alumbres. The minority phases, such as dickite, kaolinite, and cristobalite, were observed in both zones. The SEM technique was useful in the determination of the morphology of kaolinite and impurities of Na, Mg, K, and Fe of the complex clay illite-andalusite-dickite group. Thermogravimetric analysis was useful to discover the decomposition temperature and reveal the significant difference between 400 and 800°C, which showcases the greatest mass loss due to dehydration and carbonates decomposition. The mullite phase was detected at approximately 1000°C in the kaolin samples. The refractoriness tests were important to determine the stability temperature of kaolin, which is between 1300 and 1600°C. This stability temperature makes it feasible to use the kaolin as a refractory material for both low and high temperatures. The variables that affect the kaolin stability temperature were determined by principal components with the XLSTAT free program.

scholarly journals Pachira aquatica fruits shells valorization: renewables phenolics through analytical pyrolysis study (Py-GC/MS)

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Augusto da Silva Correia ◽  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
Renata Martins Braga
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Phenolic Extract

ABSTRACT: This research valorized Pachira aquatica Aubl.’s fruit shells (PAS) through its energetic characterization and flash pyrolysis for biofuels or chemicals production. The characterization was performed through proximate and ultimate analysis, bulk density, higher heating value (HHV), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and absorption spectra in the infrared region obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique (FTIR). The analytical flash pyrolysis was performed at 500°C in a Py-5200 HP-R coupled to a gas chromatograph (Py-GC/MS). The PAS biomass presents potential for thermochemical energy conversion processes due to its low moisture and ash content, 76.90% of volatile matter, bulk density of 252.6 kg/m3 and HHV of 16.24 MJ/kg. Flash pyrolysis products are mostly phenols or light organic acids derived from the decomposition of polysaccharides. Results confirmed the potential of PAS to produce bio-phenolics, such as 4-methoxyphenol which is an important active ingredient for skin depigmentation used in drugs and cosmetics, and as phenolic extract that can be used as a precursor to resins, applications that convert this forest waste into bio products for industry into a green circular economy.

scholarly journals Deflagration-to-detonation transition in air mixtures of polypropylene pyrolysis products

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
S. M. Frolov ◽  
V. I. Zvegintsev ◽  
V. S. Aksenov ◽  
I. V. Bilera ◽  
M. V. Kazachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Deflagration To Detonation Transition ◽  
Pulsed Detonation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Detonation Transition ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Propane Butane

A new method for determining the detonability of fuel is proposed based on the measured values ​​of the detonation run-up distance and time in the standard pulsed detonation tube (PDT). Granulated polypropylene (GP) was used as a fuel. A test bench with the PDT and a gas generator was designed and manufactured for the preparation of the GP pyrolysis products at a decomposition temperature of up to 800 °C. Experiments on deflagration-to-detonation transition in air mixtures of pyrolysis products of the GP showed that such mixtures exhibit detonability close to that of liquefied hydrocarbon gas (LPG) of the propane-butane automobile brand in a stoichiometric mixture with air under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Structural and Thermal Characterization of Novel Organosolv Lignins from Wood and Herbaceous Sources

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Trubetskaya ◽  
Heiko Lange ◽  
Bernd Wittgens ◽  
Anders Brunsvik ◽  
Claudia Crestini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

This study demonstrates the effects of structural variations of lignins isolated via an organosolv process from different woody and herbaceous feedstocks on their thermal stability profiles. The organosolv lignins were first analysed for impurities, and structural features were determined using the default set of gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectroscopy, quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy and semi-quantitative 1 H- 13 C HSQC analysis. Pyrolysis-, O 2 - and CO 2 -reactivity of the organosolv lignins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and volatile formation in various heating cycles was mapped by head-space GC-MS analysis. Revealed reactivities were correlated to the presence of identified impurities and structural features typical for the organosolv lignins. Data suggest that thermogravimetric analysis can eventually be used to delineate a lignin character when basic information regarding its isolation method is available.

scholarly journals Preparation and Thermal Analysis of Blended Nanoaluminum/Fluorinated Polyether-Segmented Urethane Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chance Baxter ◽  
Jena McCollum ◽  
Scott Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Solvent Processing ◽  
Induced Reaction

The thermally induced reaction of aluminum fuel and a fluoropolymer oxidizer such as polytetrafluoroethylene (via C-F activation) has been a well-studied thermite event for slow-burning pyrolants among a multitude of energetic applications. Generally, most metallized thermoplastic fluoropolymers suffer from manufacturing limitations using common melt or solvent processing techniques due to the inherent low surface energy and high crystallinity of fluoropolymers. In this report, we prepared an energetic composite utilizing the versatility of urethane-based polymers and provide a comparative thermal characterization study. Specifically, a thermite formulation comprising of nanometer-sized aluminum (nAl) fuel coated with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oxidizer was solvent-blended with either a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PFPE-segmented urethane copolymer. Thermal data were collected with calorimetric and thermogravimetric techniques to determine glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature, which showed modest effects upon various loadings of PFPE-coated nAl in the urethane matrix. While our application focus was for energetics, this study also demonstrates the potential to expand the ability to broadly manufacture structural metallized composites to their consideration as coatings, foams, or fibers.

scholarly journals Structural and Thermal Characterization of Castor Oil Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767
Author(s):  
A. Chowdhury ◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
P. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In the present study, unsaturated polyester resins based on castor oil was synthesized. Structure elucidation of the synthesized unsaturated polyester resin was done by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal stability of cured unsaturated polyester resin. Thermogram plot was further utilized to calculate various other parameters such as statistic heat-resistant index (Ts) and the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT). Comparable properties with respect to commercial resins were reported for the synthesized polymers

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and post-polymerization modification of new fully bio-based poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate) and poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate-co-hexamethylene adipate) copolyesters

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Wan-Xia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Aliphatic Polyester ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Polymerization Conditions

AbstractA novel full bio-based ketone-containing aliphatic polyester was prepared by enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation of diethyl γ-ketopimelate (DEK) with 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). The influences of polymerization conditions such as temperature, time, enzyme amount, and solvent amount on the molecular weight of poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate) (PHK) were investigated. New fully bio-based poly(hexamethylene γ-ketopimelate-co-hexamethylene adipate) (poly(HK-co-HA)) copolymers with narrow polydispersity and well-defined composition were synthesized by copolymerization of DEK, HDO, and diethyl adipate. The structures of PHK and poly(HK-co-HA) copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, and their thermal characterization was examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation of PHK and poly(HK-co-HA) copolymers was studied. The post-polymerization modification of these polyketoesters via oxime click chemistry was further demonstrated.

Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Nonlinear Optic and Thermal Properties of Two Diiodocarbazole Derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Mei Tang ◽  
Rui-Hai Chi ◽  
Wen-Zhu Wan ◽  
Yong-Tao Wang ◽  
Yue-Zhi Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Nonlinear Optic ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Space Group

Two 3,6-diiodocarbazole derivatives were prepared from the iodination of the corresponding phenylcarbazole. 3,6-Diiodo-9-phenylcarbazole crystallises in the chiral space group P21 and shows good second-harmonic generation effects. Thermogravimetric analysis of the two compounds shows high thermal stabilities, in which the decomposition temperature for 1 and 2 are 273 and 308 °C, respectively.

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