scholarly journals Change of perspectives (News Performance)

10.34778/2j ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Online News ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Viewpoint Diversity ◽  
User Comments ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of change of perspectives are theoretically linked to the news performance and democratic function of the media (McQuail, 1992). This construct is related to viewpoint diversity and the normative expectation that different views should be presented in news coverage (Napoli & Gillis, 2008). In addition, more recent analysis focus on different perspective articulated in user comments, often linked to theories of deliberation (Baden & Springer, 2015). References/combination with other methods of data collection: Perspective change in news coverage is measured i) directly (e.g., by asking whether change of perspective is presented in an article) or i) indirectly by coding different perspective (e.g. statements including different viewpoints). Indirect measures can also be used in automated approaches (Möller et al., 2018).  Example studies: Baden & Springer (2014); Humprecht (2016)   Table 1. Study summaries Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reliability Baden & Springer (2014) Content type: Online news coverage on selected key events and user comments Outlet/country: 5 German newspapers (Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt, TZ, Die Zeit, Spiegel) Sampling period: Feb– July 2012 Sample size: 42 news articles, 384 user comments News article: max. 2 main interpretative frames (the text’s ‘central organizing idea’) User comments: main frame Object of problem definition Logic of evaluation: inspired (Good is what is true, divine & amazing) popular (Good is what the people want) moral (Good is what is social, fair, & moral) civic (Good is what is accepted & conventional) economic (Good is what is profitable & creates value) functional (good is what works) ecological (good is what is sustainable & natural)   Logic of (inter)action: believing (interactions between the mind & the world) desire (interaction btw the mind & objects) ought (interaction btw the mind & people) negotiation (interaction btw people & the social world) exchange (interactions btw people & objects) technology (interactions btw objects & the world) life (interactions btw people & the natural world)   Authors coded coverage consensually User comments: M(Holsti) = 0.78 Problem definition’s object: Holsti=0.60 Logic of Action: Holsti = 0.56 Evaluation logic: Holsti=1 Humprecht (2016) Content type: Political routine-period news Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 Sample size: N= 1660 Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual) News items are all journalistic articles mentioned on the front page (‘first layer’ of the website) that are linked to the actual story (on second layer of website) Only one perspective (because underlying topic is uncontroversial) One perspective (of a debated/controversial issue, no opposition voice) Different perspectives mentioned (different sides, voices, camps, perspectives mentioned but not elaborated) Co-presence of speakers with opposing views (expressed in separate utterances) in the same article. Story shows clear attempt at giving a balanced, fair account of debated/controversial issue by including diverse viewpoints and statements) Cohen’s kappa: M = 0.64   References Baden, C., & Springer, N. (2014). Com(ple)menting the news on the financial crisis: The contribution of news users’ commentary to the diversity of viewpoints in the public debate. European Journal of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114538724 Baden, C., & Springer, N. (2015). Conceptualizing viewpoint diversity in news discourse. Journalism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884915605028 Humprecht, E. (2016). Shaping Online News Performance. In Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56668-3 McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. Sage Publications. Möller, J., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & van Es, B. (2018). Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity. Information Communication and Society, 21(7), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076 Napoli, P., & Gillis, N. (2008). Media Ownership and the Diversity Index: Outlining a Social Science Research Agenda (No. 5; McGannon Center Working Paper Series).

scholarly journals Critical analysis and comment (News Performance)

10.34778/2k ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Online News ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probing Questions

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of critical analysis and comment are theoretically linked to the news performance and the watchdog function of the media (Donsbach, 1995; McQuail, 1992). This construct is related to the normative expectation that the news media should critically analyze and comment on cases of abuse of power, incompetence, failures and grievances in government institutions, non-profit organizations, or the private sector (Downie & Schudson, 2009). References/combination with other methods of data collection: The analysis of critical reporting and comment is complex and requires an understanding of the context and the references made by the journalist. Furthermore, it is empirically demanding to distinguish between critical reporting in the sense of the watchdog function and criticism in the sense of negativity or sensationalism (Humprecht, 2016). Due to this complexity, automated approaches have hardly been employed so far. Example studies: Benson (2010); Humprecht (2016)   Table 1. Study summaries Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reli-ability Benson (2010) Content type: immigration news coverage (all articles focused on broad immigration trends, policy making and politics, or individual immigrants) Outlet/ country: 14 newspapers from two countries (FR, US) Sampling period: 1991/1994; 2002/2004; 2006) Sample size: N= 1088 Unit of analysis: critical statements in news articles (from sources/ journalists) Critical statements are classified according to their target, substantive focus, and sources Target (government; dominant left parties; dominant right parties; minor political parties; civil society organizations; business; foreign or international organizations) Focus (administrative, character, truth, ideology, policy, and strategy) Administrative criticism (failure (e.g., corruption, incompetence, mismanagement) Truth criticism (e.g., evidence to demonstrate the falsity of claims) Character criticisms (e.g., attacks on personal characteristics of powerful individuals in public life) Policy criticism (e.g., logical coherence, feasibility, empirical justification, evidence supporting any pro- posed policy) Ideology criticism (e.g., criticisms of fascism, racism, sexism, other worldviews) Strategy criticisms (negative assessments of effectiveness of a particular idea/ action; normative criticisms of political strategies) Holsti M=0.85 Humprecht (2016) Content type: Political routine-period online news Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 Sample size: N= 1660 Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual) Story shows critical perspective towards authorities/power holders Story raises probing questions at actors responsible for a problem Story discovers new, previously unknown information about a problem of social/political relevance; story may unveil a ‘scandal’ Cohen’s kappa: critical perspective = 0.74 probing questions = 0.67 unveiling scandals = 0.81     References Benson, R. (2010). What Makes for a Critical Press? A Case Study of French and U.S. Immigration News Coverage. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 15(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161209349346 Donsbach, W. (1995). Lapdogs, Watchdogs and Junkyard Dogs. Media Studies Journal, Fall 1995, 17–30. Downie, L., & Schudson, M. (2009). The Reconstruction of American Journalism. Humprecht, E. (2016). Shaping Online News Performance. In Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56668-3 McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. Sage Publications.

scholarly journals Cause/antecedents/history (News Performance)

10.34778/2i ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Online News ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Media ◽  
June July

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses using the constructs cause/antecedents/history in news content are theoretically related to the news performance and democratic function of the media (McQuail, 1992). This construct is linked to professional standards and the normative assumption that the media should provide the audience with background information on current events and issues (Westerstahl, 1983). For example, news can be used to explain how a particular problem occurred, what happened beforehand and what the concrete reasons are for the current situation. References/combination with other methods of data collection: The analysis of reporting on the causes, background and history of events is complex and requires an understanding of the context and the relationships established by the journalist. As a result of this complexity, no automated measurement procedures have yet been developed. Example study: Humprecht (2016)   Table 1. Study summary Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reliability Humprecht (2016) Content type: Political routine-period news Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 Sample size: N= 1660 Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual) News items are all journalistic articles mentioned on the front page (‘first layer’ of the website) that are linked to the actual story (on second layer of website) Not mentioned Rudimental mention (e.g. reference to previous events without explanation) Mentioned in detail (e.g. explanation of historical events, causes, etc.)   Cohen’s kappa average ≥0.69   References Humprecht, E. (2016). Shaping Online News Performance. In Palgrave Macmillan. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56668-3 McQuail, D. (1992). Media Performance: Mass Communication and the Public Interest. Sage Publications. Westerstahl, J. (1983). Objective news reporting: General premises. Communication Research, 10, 403–424.

scholarly journals Actor diversity (News Performance)

10.34778/2l ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Online News ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political News ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
News Outlet ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Field of application/theoretical foundation: Analyses of actor diversity are theoretically linked to news performance and the democratic media function of integration (Imhof, 2010). This construct is related to the normative assumption that news content should represent society as a whole and thus cover a large variety of societal groups (Boydstun et al., 2014). More recent studies also focus on the influence of algorithms on news diversity (Möller et al., 2018). Analyses are often carried out in three steps. First, all actors are (inductively or deductively) identified. Second, actors are coded according to predefined lists. Third, the level of diversity is determined using diversity indices (van Cuilenburg, 2007). Diversity indices are calculated at article level (internal diversity) or at the organizational level (external diversity) to compare diversity between news articles of a single outlet or between different news outlets. References/combination with other methods of data collection: Studies on actor diversity use both manual and automated content analysis to investigate the occurrence of actors and in texts. They use inductive or deductive approaches and/or a combination of both to identify actor categories and extend predefined lists of actors (van Hoof et al., 2014). Example studies: Masini et al. (2018); Humprecht & Esser (2018)   Table 1. Summary of studies on actor diversity Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reliability Masini et al. (2018) Content type: news about immigration Outlet/ country: 2 news outlets in four countries (BE, DE, IT, UK) Sampling period: January 2013 to April 2014 Sample size: N=2490) Unit of analysis: news article No. of actors coded: max. 10 quoted or paraphrased actors per article Level of analysis: article and news outlet level Diversity measure: Simpson’s diversity index National politics, international politics, public opinion and ordinary people, immigrants, civil society, public agencies/ organizations, judiciary/police/military, religion, business/corporate/finance, journalists/ media celebrities, traffickers/smugglers Krippendorff’s alpha average ?0.78 Humprecht & Esser (2018) Content type: Political routine-period news Outlet/ country: 48 online news outlets from six countries (CH, DE, FR, IT, UK, US) Sampling period: June – July 2012 Sample size: N= 1660 Unit of analysis: Political news items (make reference to a political actor, e.g. politician, party, institution in headline, sub?headline, in first paragraph or in an accompanying visual) News items are all journalistic articles mentioned on the front page (‘first layer’ of the website) that are linked to the actual story (on second layer of website) No. of actors coded: Max. 5 main actors (mentioned twice) per news item measured Level of analysis: news outlet level Diversity measure: relative entropy Executive (head of state and national government), legislative (national parliament and national parties), judicial (national courts and judges), national administration (prosecution, regional government authority, and police or army), foreign politicians (foreign heads of state and other foreign politicians), and international organizations (supranational and international organizations) Cohen’s kappa average ?0.76   References Boydstun, A. E., Bevan, S., & Thomas, H. F. (2014). The importance of attention diversity and how to measure it. Policy Studies Journal, 42(2), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12055 Humprecht, E., & Esser, F. (2018). Diversity in Online News: On the importance of ownership types and media system types. Journalism Studies, 19(12), 1825–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1308229 Imhof, K. (2010). Die Qualität der Medien in der Demokratie. In fög – Forschungsbereich Öffentlichkeit und Gesellschaft (Ed.), Jahrbuch 2010: Qualität der Medien Qualität der Medien (pp. 11–20). Schwabe. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97101-2_1 Masini, A., Van Aelst, P., Zerback, T., Reinemann, C., Mancini, P., Mazzoni, M., Damiani, M., & Coen, S. (2018). Measuring and Explaining the Diversity of Voices and Viewpoints in the News: A comparative study on the determinants of content diversity of immigration news. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2324–2343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1343650 Möller, J., Trilling, D., Helberger, N., & van Es, B. (2018). Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity. Information Communication and Society, 21(7), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076 van Cuilenburg, J. (2007). Media Diversity, Competition and Concentration: Concepts and Theories. In E. de Bens (Ed.), Media Between Culture and Commerce (pp. 25–54). Intellect. van Hoof, A., Jacobi, C., Ruigrok, N., & van Atteveldt, W. (2014). Diverse politics, diverse news coverage? A longitudinal study of diversity in Dutch political news during two decades of election campaigns. European Journal of Communication, 29(6), 668–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114545712

The fierce urgency to create safe spaces for the heart in relation to sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Superiority ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Made In

Purpose The paper aims to rediscover the subtle heart and discuss its importance in relation to conversations regarding sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Based on the imaginal approach of the author’s doctoral research, this paper is informed by the discourse of transpersonal psychology, attempting to open a space through which it becomes possible to perceive the heart differently. Findings This paper discusses the idea that knowledge as generated through the heart has been rendered subservient to knowledge generated through the mind/brain through a dominant/medical narrative (Bound Alberti, 2012). This means that the heart’s wisdom and the heart’s benevolent qualities cannot gain traction at the level at which decisions are made in society. Research limitations/implications While the heart is not unproblematic, and can carry notions of moral superiority, this paper is written as an appeal to create safe enough spaces to bring the heart back into conversation at the level of political discourse. Practical implications This paper suggests that it is the approach of the heart, the qualities and characteristics that the heart embodies, and the different way of being in the world that the heart makes possible, which could play an important role in guiding us towards a more sustainable world. When taken seriously, the heart offers a way of engaging with, and thinking about, ideas of relationship, wholeness and interconnection – all of which have been identified as important by numerous scholars in relation to engaging with global challenges (de Witt, 2016). Social implications This paper suggests that it is the approach of the heart and the different way of being in the world that the heart makes possible, which could play an important role in guiding humanity towards a more sustainable world. Originality/value Since the late 1900s, scholars have been calling for creative thinking in relation to engaging with the myriad of issues facing our planet, and this paper is written as a response to that call – creating a platform for the heart to speak and making a case for its importance in conversations relating to sustainability.

City Brands and their Communication through Web Sites

2010 ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Fernández-Cavia ◽  
Assumpció Huertas-Roig
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

City marketing tries to position cities in the mind of the public, although the process of creating and communicating city brands is still at an early stage of its development. One of the main tools for the communication of these brands is now the World Wide Web. This chapter describes the results of two combined studies (qualitative and quantitative) that analyzes a sample of official city Web sites. The results show that official Web sites of cities give much attention to ease of navigation, but interactivity is much less implemented, especially between users. Furthermore, some lack of attention to the communication aspects of city brands can also be found. Finally, the chapter submits a number of improvement proposals.

1968 Olympic Dreams and Tlatelolco Nightmares: Imagining and Imaging Modernity on Television

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Gonzáález de Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Sources

Juxtaposing televised news coverage of the 1968 student movements and Olympics in Mexico City, the author examines the mass media's role during this politically volatile year for the country and the world. Through an analysis of news scripts located in Televisa's news archive, the article demonstrates that news executives and government officials pursued a similar goal——to portray the country as modern, orderly, and peaceful. At the same time, through the use of alternative sources of media, students delivered their messages to the public, telling a much different story.

The importance of information access of cultural values to the principles of sustainable development in climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Ike Iswary Lawanda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Control ◽  
Generation Gaps

Purpose This is a methodological proposal that describes the access to information as a starting point, and the importance of access to information as the backbone for the values of investment with the notion of culture as shared beliefs, supported by information to communicate and provide awareness about issues related to environmental policy that is consistent with sustainable development. Data collection is done from census data of Cikarawang population, observation and in-depth interviews with informants of community leaders. Constructive theory constructs to identify the diversity of existing construction of and placing in the consensus. The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improving continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the people of the community in Cikarawang village. The view of the importance of cultural institutions and traditional knowledge should not be ignored in reaching the target of practical dissemination of information regarding environmental policy should be conducted for further study the model of and the model for the construction of the constructed. The use of application in documenting myths and rituals of Cikarawang people is enabling the access of information of the people in learning the culture and language of Cikarawang. Moreover, it is the way to reach the goal of sustainable environment for the next generations. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this methodology is to produce an informed and knowledgeable construction of, which simultaneously improved continuously. Constructivists do not intend to predict and control the real world and divert it but to reconstruct the world at the point of its existence: in the mind of the constructor. In the process related to two aspects, : hermeneutic and dialectical. Aspects of individual construction of hermeneutic describe as compare and contrast to the dialectical aspects of individual construction of, so that each respondent was entered into the construction of another and entirely fused. Findings The access of information on asri to face global warming is to demonstrate the hybridity and syncretism of this everyday locality and to show how this global sense of place is a progressive sense of place which avoids defensive and exclusionary definitions of place and culture because they cannot be sustained in a world where understanding a place means understanding its connection to other places. However, the youths of Cikarawang are likely to self-identify, as liberals are also more supportive of progressive domestic social agenda than older generations. They are less overtly religious than the older generations. Research limitations/implications The access of information, is about trying to establish the existence of the collectivity by defining what makes it a community – isolating national characteristics, defining crucial historical moments or significant places. None of these implies that these meanings can be fixed. There might be useful to think of nations as projects which are never fully achieved. There are always alternative accounts which are being given, and alternative interpretations being made from different positions. Climate information needs to be made in accordance with the local context and activities of both of the content, format, timing and distribution (dissemination). Practical implications The undetermined that perceived lack of locals trying to understand the information about weather and climate change are delivered by using technology need to engage their participation to identify and develop adaptation and mitigation strategies. Knowledge about the weather and how to overcome it is also myths about the environment containing taboo and prohibition as well as the annual harvest ritual. Digital technology using application is the nearest object to individual youngsters to access information openly and individually. Access of information using apps and internet is bridging the issues of climate change, myths and rituals about environment, and generation gaps. Social implications The behavior of young people of Generation X are not heeding the ban in the experience of their ancestors. It is not only because of their belief in myth depleted but also in the absence of respected elders. Person figures which are respected as wise men or local leaders to be role models. In the past, knowledge and cultural information are presented, preserved, generated down to future generations. Nowadays, information about climate, weather, cultural knowledge in agriculture, irrigation, daily life, ritual, myth, and kinship is no longer simply rely on figures but the media that they believe in. Originality/value It is an interdisciplinary research of global knowledge, memory and communication. Digital technology-based application as the system to support access of information and the effort of documentation on community myths and rituals of remote people may affect on sustainable local wisdoms which protect and sustain the environment to be inherited to next generations. Web, private social networks, wikis and blogs are becoming important corporate tools for communication, collaboration and information-sharing. It is a way of young people in this Generation X most familiar in such as interactive, collaborative, managing knowledge, and managing global system and bridging generation gaps.

The evidence of compelling arguments in agenda building

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejoon Rim ◽  
Jin Hong Ha ◽  
Spiro Kiousis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Agenda Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Information Subsidies

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the links among health authorities’ public relations efforts, news media coverage, and public perceptions of risk during the H1N1 pandemic outbreak. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a triangulation of research methods by comparing public relations materials, media coverage, and public opinion. The data were collected from a federal government web site, national newspapers, and national polls. Findings – The data revealed a positive relationship between information subsidy attention and media attention to the H1N1 disease as well as the severity attribute. The salience of the severity attribute in information subsidies was linked with increased H1N1 salience in media coverage, extending the testing of the compelling-arguments hypothesis to an agenda-building context. However, there was no association between salience of the severity attribute and public risk perceptions. Research limitations/implications – The study provides evidence for public relations effectiveness. However, the limited influence of the severity frame on the public's risk perception suggests a gap between news coverage and the public's view. Framing that effectively empowers the public to engage in desired behavior should be further studied for the success of a public health campaign. The study is limited to examining the severity attribute. A future study should pay more attention to different issue attributes or other frames. The media sample was limited to newspapers and thus lacks generalizability. Originality/value – The study contributes to public relations scholarship by demonstrating how information subsidies influence media agendas and public opinion in a health communication context. The public health authorities’ role in influencing media agenda should be stressed.

scholarly journals From the Deeming Rule to JUUL—US News Coverage of Electronic Cigarettes, 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia A Wackowski ◽  
Jennah M Sontag ◽  
Binu Singh ◽  
Jessica King ◽  
M Jane Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online News ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction News media may influence public perceptions and attitudes about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which may influence product use and attitudes about their regulation. The purpose of this study is to describe trends in US news coverage of e-cigarettes during a period of evolving regulation, science, and trends in the use of e-cigarettes. Methods We conducted a content analysis of e-cigarette topics and themes covered in US news articles from 2015 to 2018. Online news databases (Access World News, Factiva) were used to obtain US news articles from the top 34 circulating newspapers, four national wire services, and five leading online news sources. Results The number of articles increased by 75.4% between 2015 and 2018 (n = 1609). Most articles focused on policy/regulation (43.5%) as a main topic, followed by health effects (22.3%) and prevalence/trends (17.9%). Discussion about flavor bans quadrupled (6.1% to 24.6%) and discussion of youth e-cigarette use was most prevalent (58.4%) in 2018, coinciding with an increase in coverage about JUUL. JUUL was mentioned in 50.8% of 2018 articles. Across years, articles more frequently mentioned e-cigarette risks (70%) than potential benefits (37.3%). Conclusions E-cigarettes continue to be a newsworthy topic, with coverage both reflecting numerous changes and events over time, and providing repeated opportunities for informing the public and policymakers about these novel products. Future research should continue to track how discourse changes over time and assess its potential influence on e-cigarette perceptions and policy changes. Implications E-cigarette news coverage in the United States increased between 2015 and 2018 and predominantly focused on policy and regulation. Notable spikes in volume were associated with some but not all major e-cigarette events, including the FDA’s deeming rule, Surgeon General’s report, and release of the National Youth Tobacco Survey data in 2018. Coverage of the 2018 National Academy of Medicine, Engineering, and Sciences report on the Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes received minimal news coverage. The high volume in 2018 was driven in large part by coverage of the e-cigarette brand JUUL; over half of news articles in 2018 referenced JUUL specifically.

Educational Thinking and the Conservation of the Revolutionary

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-508
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manuel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Little Rock ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Background Context ◽  
Educational Thinking

Background/Context Prior work on Hannah Arendt and education has focused on democratic education, multicultural education, and conservatism in education. Most of these studies have concentrated on her essay, “The Crisis in Education.” While this study extends that work, it does so by taking up the lesser studied but equally relevant piece, “Reflections on Little Rock.” Furthermore, sparse attention has been paid to Arendt's work on thinking in relation to work on education. This piece seeks to fill these gaps in the scholarship on Arendt and education. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Following Arendt, my inquiry is concerned with what we might call “the life of the student mind.” Two central questions guide this inquiry: What are students qua students doing that prepares them in advance for renewing a common world? How, as students, are they engaged with the world without being asked to take responsibility for it? Research Design This study is a comparative exegesis of Arendt, reading her early essays, “Reflections on Little Rock” and “The Crisis in Education,” through the lens of Thinking, the first volume of her final and posthumously published work, The Life of the Mind. The study is heavily supported by research conducted in the Arendt digital archives. Conclusions/Recommendations This exegesis reveals new insights into Arendt's mapping of the educational sphere and the principal activity taking place therein, namely, educational thinking. The close comparative reading of Arendt's early and later work produces a philosophical construction of the educational sphere as a liminal zone between past and future, a gap between the private sphere of the home, and the political sphere of the public realm. In turn, the primary result of this study is the articulation of a distinctly Arendtian conception of educational thinking as occurring in an existential space of solitude where students, withdrawn from the continuity of everyday life, engage in an activity that enables them to reflect upon and critically reimagine the world and thereby prepare for world-caring.

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