AGING AND COGNITIVE DISORDERS FROM THE SOMNOLOGY’S VIEWPOINT

Author(s):  
И.М. Мадаева ◽  
Н.В. Семенова ◽  
Л.И. Колесникова ◽  
С.И. Колесников

Высокое социальное бремя возрастзависимых заболеваний делает актуальным разработку и внедрение комплекса медицинских технологий донозологической диагностики, лечения и профилактики различных нарушений функциональных состояний жизнедеятельности человека в процессе старения. Возрастное снижение активности функционального состояния мозга и его взаимообусловленность с континуумом сон-бодрствование приводит к преждевременному (патологическому) старению с проявлениями нейродегенерации. Хотя нарушения функционирования цикла сон-бодрствование являются характерными для процесса старения, но возрастные изменения не всегда сопровождаются когнитивной дисфункцией. Сложная архитектура сна претерпевает выраженные изменения в течение всей жизни человека. В литературе активно дискутируется взаимосвязь нарушений циркадной ритмики при старении и развития когнитивной дисфункции. В то же время встречается достаточное количество исследований, посвященных изменениям организма на молекулярном уровне при возрастных нарушениях сна. Гетерогенность патогенетических механизмов старения, ассоциаций нарушений сна и процессов когнитивной дисфункции включает также изменение метаболизма. В регуляцию процессов сна вовлечены различные нейромедиаторы и другие биологически активные вещества, так называемые «sleep-promoting substances». Насущная необходимость дальнейших научных изысканий в поиске молекулярно-клеточных маркеров и диагностических паттернов нарушений сна при старении является перспективным и внесет значительный вклад в развитие прорывных технологий в профилактике патологического старения. Подход с позиции современной нейробиологии, сомнологии и медицины сна представляется крайне актуальным и своевременным. Этот обзор посвящен некоторым аспектам научных изысканий, посвященных возрастным изменениям сна и их молекулярно-клеточным маркерам. Age-dependent diseases high social burden makes relevant medical technologies development and implementation of human aging process functional state various disorders prenosological diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Age-related activity decrease of the brain functional state and its interdependence with the sleep-wake continuum leads to premature (pathological) aging with manifestations of neurodegeneration. Although disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle functioning are characteristic for the aging process, age-related changes are not always accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. There are sufficient number studies on the molecular level changes in age-related sleep disorders. Aging, sleep disorders and processes of cognitive dysfunction association pathogenetic mechanisms heterogeneity also include metabolism changes. Various neurotransmitters and other biologically active substances, so-called «sleep-promoting substances» are involved in the regulation of sleep processes. The urgent need for molecular-cell markers and diagnostic patterns of sleep disorders further scientific search in aging process is promising and will make a significant contribution to the breakthrough technologies development in the pathological aging prevention. The complex architecture of sleep undergoes pronounced changes throughout a person’s life. In the literature, the relationship of circadian rhythm disturbances during aging and the development of cognitive dysfunction is actively debated. Approach from the positions of the modern neurobiology, somnology and sleep medicine perspectives seems extremely relevant and timely. This review is devoted to some aspects of age-related in sleep and their molecular-cell markers changes modern scientific research and our own data analysis.

Author(s):  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
A. A. Petrov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
I. V. Berezkina ◽  
K. V. Shadrina

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Maximilian Haas ◽  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
David Framorando ◽  
Elissa El Khawli ◽  
Susanne Scheibe ◽  
...  

Abstract As the population ages, risks for cognitive decline threaten independence and quality of life for older adults. Classically, psychological assessment tools to evaluate cognitive functioning are administered in face-to-face laboratory sessions, which is time- and resource-consuming. With the aim of reducing such costs, the present study set out to develop and validate two new online tools, allowing a rapid assessment of general cognitive abilities and of prospective memory. We collected data from 250 participants equally spread across the adult lifespan (aged 18 – 86). Results suggest that performance assessed via these newly developed online tools is comparable to performance in face-to-face laboratory settings. Our findings thereby indicate that these online tools can reliably measure cognitive functioning across the lifespan at a reduced cost, which may help detect individuals at risk of developing age-related cognitive disorders.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Matúš Čoma ◽  
Veronika Lachová ◽  
Petra Mitrengová ◽  
Peter Gál

Estrogen deprivation is one of the major factors responsible for many age-related processes including poor wound healing in postmenopausal women. However, the reported side-effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have precluded broad clinical administration. Therefore, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed to overcome the detrimental side effects of ERT on breast and/or uterine tissues. The use of natural products isolated from plants (e.g., soy) may represent a promising source of biologically active compounds (e.g., genistein) as efficient alternatives to conventional treatment. Genistein as natural SERM has the unique ability to selectively act as agonist or antagonist in a tissue-specific manner, i.e., it improves skin repair and simultaneously exerts anti-cancer and chemopreventive properties. Hence, we present here a wound healing phases-based review of the most studied naturally occurring SERM.


Author(s):  
Brina Snyder ◽  
Stephanie M. Simone ◽  
Tania Giovannetti ◽  
Thomas F. Floyd

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihuan Zhao ◽  
Yuan Dai ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Jie wang ◽  
Tengyun Ma ◽  
...  

Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (Rutaceae), a homologous of medicine and foodstuff, has previously been demonstrated the potential prevention of age-related cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms and material basis remain elusively understood....


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinten S. Bernhold

The communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) examines how people’s language and communication surrounding the aging process (e.g., making age-related excuses) predicts successful aging. Using the CEMSA, this study examined how middle-aged U.S. American children’s and their parents’ age-related communication predicts children’s subjective perceptions of their own successful aging, via children’s aging efficacy. Three communication profiles emerged for children and their parents, namely engaged, bantering, and disengaged agers. Path analysis revealed that parents’ age-related communication predicted children’s successful aging, via children’s aging efficacy. Relative to children with disengaged parents, children with bantering parents were more likely to be efficacious with respect to their aging, which in turn positively predicted successful aging. The language and communication people observe from older family members may be consequential in shaping their aging trajectories for the better or worse.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Nocera ◽  
Thomas W. Buford ◽  
Todd M. Manini ◽  
Kelly Naugle ◽  
Christiaan Leeuwenburgh ◽  
...  

A primary focus of longevity research is to identify prognostic risk factors that can be mediated by early treatment efforts. To date, much of this work has focused on understanding the biological processes that may contribute to aging process and age-related disease conditions. Although such processes are undoubtedly important, no current biological intervention aimed at increasing health and lifespan exists. Interestingly, a close relationship between mobility performance and the aging process has been documented in older adults. For example, recent studies have identified functional status, as assessed by walking speed, as a strong predictor of major health outcomes, including mortality, in older adults. This paper aims to describe the relationship between the comorbidities related to decreased health and lifespan and mobility function in obese, older adults. Concurrently, lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, are described as a means to improve mobility function and thereby limit the functional limitations associated with increased mortality.


10.1186/gm90 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor I Simkó ◽  
Dávid Gyurkó ◽  
Dániel V Veres ◽  
Tibor Nánási ◽  
Peter Csermely

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