scholarly journals THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SEISMIC AND GEOMECHANICAL MODELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Darko Kostadinov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Geomechanical Parameters

The subject of research in this paper is the correlated relations between the seismic and geomechanical characteristics of the medium. A special interest of analysis is made on rocks, which cover a wide area in the Republic of Macedonia, especially in the western part. Field seismic tests are performed at specific locations that define Vp and Vs velocities. At the same locations, geomechanical and engineering-geological research is carried out. Presented dependence between Vp and Vs velocities and geomechanical parameters of the medium: Е - Young's modulus of elasticity, G - shearing modulus and ν - Poisson coefficient. Dependences of these paramform Vp and Vs velocities are calculated, or an attempt is made to assess the geomechanical parameters through analysis of seismic speeds. Qualitative assessment is made on the degree of dependence of seismic velocities Vp and Vs with RQD, RMR and Q parameters of carbonate massifs, as well as with φ - angle of internal friction and с - cohesion of material. Model of the rock masses is relatively simpler than the soil model, where significant influence has subsurface water and many other physical phenomena that are not present in the rock masses or their values are negligible. Any geophysical method is based on measurements of certain parameter, for example, gravity measures the force of gravity or appropriate earth acceleration, or geomagnetism measures the intensity of the magnetic field etc. Seismic methods are based on determination of the propagation velocity of longitudinal Vp and transversal Vs wave, or measurement of the velocity of propagation of the elastic waves in the ground. From engineering point of view, of interest is shallow seismic which exploring goes up to more than 100 m. The usage of geophysical methods, especially seismic, has an irreplaceable role in defining geomechanical parameters of the environment. The best results are obtained if geophysical methods are combined with research drilling and laboratory measurements of the taken samples, or geophysical methods define the locations for exploratory drilling. Based on the field research and laboratory testing, the conditions of the terrain as a natural environment are defined, the soil layers are defined according to the depth of the investigated location, ie the possible interactions between the natural environment and the future construction are predicted. In this phase of the research, the geological structure of the terrain was analyzed by defining the basic parameters of the separated lithological members required for the design phase. During the preparation of the work, a database of knowledge from the geological and geotechnical sciences was used, using modern methods of interpretation of data, own experiences from research on a range of objects and standardized methods of research and testing.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF KARST DANGEROUS TERRITORIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
S. Vyzhva ◽  
V. Onyshchuk ◽  
I. Onyshchuk ◽  
M. Reva ◽  
O. Shabatura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Native Sulfur ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Karst Processes

The article is devoted to the analysis of the methodological principles of applying geophysical research methods in the study of karst-hazardous territories. The tasks that are posed in specialized studies of karst and geophysical methods for their solution are given. Four stages of specialized studies of karst-hazardous territories are identified: reconnaissance-methodological, prospecting, reconnaissance and monitoring. The set of geophysical methods for the development of these stages are determined. It is noted that a rational set of geophysical methods in the study of karst processes is determined for each individual natural environment (individual site). The possibility of performing field research by a separate geophysical method in this area, the presence of differentiation in rocks according to their physical properties which are used by a specific geophysical method and economic efficiency of the application of this geophysical method were taken into account. As an example, some results of geophysical studies carried out in the framework of the Lyubensky field of native sulfur are given.

A LOOK INTO THE EARTH: EVALUATING THE USE OF MAGNETIC SURVEY IN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Magnavita ◽  
Norbert Schleifer
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
Present Case Study

In the last decades, geophysical methods such as magnetic survey have become a common technique for prospecting archaeological sites. At sub-Saharan archaeological sites, however, magnetic survey and correlated techniques never came into broad use and there are no signs for an immediate change of this situation. This paper examines the magnetic survey undertaken on the Nigerian site of Zilum, a settlement of the Gajiganna Culture (ca 1800-400 BC) located in the Chad Basin and dated to ca 600-400 BC. By means of the present case study, we demonstrate the significance of this particular type of investigation in yielding complementary data for understanding the character of prehistoric settlements. In conclusion, we point out that geophysical methods should play a more important role in modern archaeological field research, as they furnish a class of documentation not achievable by traditional survey and excavation methods, thus creating new perspectives for interpreting the past of African societies.

scholarly journals Tradisi Reresik Sendang Masyarakat Wonosoco dalam Perspektif Ekoteologi Islam

FIKRAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Ahna Soraya
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach

<p class="07KatakunciKeywords">This study aims to determine the perspective of Islamic eco-theology in the Reresik Sendang tradition in Wonosoco Village. How the people of Wonosoco Village carry out, interpret, and how the Reresik Sendang tradition is seen from the perspective of Islamic eco-theology. This research uses a type of field research using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques obtained through the results of observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings from this study indicate several important points: First, the tradition of Reresik Sendang is a form of effort by the people of Wonosoco Village in preserving the natural environment based on Islamic teachings. Secondly, in the implementation of the Reresik Sendang tradition, there are still rituals which are Hindu-Buddhist teachings. The community interpreted that the Sendang Reresik tradition is a form of gratitude to God Almighty, as well as a form of respect for the ancestors. Third, viewed from the perspective of Islamic eco-theology in the Reresik Sendang tradition in Wonosoco Village, there is a meeting point in it, which sees nature as a "sign" of God.</p>

Habituating field scientists

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lys Alcayna-Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Milieu ◽  
Free Ranging

This article explores the sensory dimensions of scientific field research in the only region in the world where free-ranging bonobos ( Pan paniscus) can be studied in their natural environment; the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic Republic of Congo. If, as sensory anthropologists have argued, the senses are developed, grown and honed in a given cultural and environmental milieu, how is it that field scientists come to dwell among familiarity in a world which is, at first, unfamiliar? This article builds upon previous anthropological and philosophical engagements with habituation that have critically examined primatologists’ attempts to become ‘neutral objects in the environment’ in order to habituate wild apes to their presence. It does so by tracing the somatic modes of attention developed by European and North American researchers as they follow bonobos in these forests. The argument is that as environments, beings and their elements become familiar, they do not become ‘neutral’, but rather, suffused with meaning.

scholarly journals Study of Rock Mass Stability Decrease due to Underground Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
V. I. Golik ◽  
S. A. Maslennikov ◽  
Alberto Martin Nunez Rodriguez ◽  
V. I. Anischenko
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Rock Mass Structure ◽  
Rock Mass Stability ◽  
Specific Metal

The optimization of underground mining processes is carried out based on rational use of energy for obtaining preset broken ore size. The effective optimization requires correct assessment of the properties of the rock mass to be broken. Energy management requires assessment of rock mass stability decrease due to impact of natural and technogenic stresses. To make adjustments to the general energy management model, information on the rock mass structure is required to be obtained by geophysical methods. To optimize broken rock/ore size (to minimize oversized or excessively crushed mineral fraction yield during breaking), blasting energy application should be regulated and smart. The study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of using geophysical methods for the prompt and correct assessment of rock and backfill mass condition during underground mining of mineral deposits. Decreasing stability of rock masses is assessed using the method of electrometric surveys in noncore exploratory boreholes. Rock mass stability study allowed revealing correlation and dependencies between the studied parameters. Effectiveness of using geophysical methods for differentiating natural and technogenic masses by degree of decreasing their stability due to geological and technogenic stresses. To determine the coefficient of decreasing rock mass stability based on rock apparent resistivity data, electrometric logging was used. This allowed to differentiate rock mass by the degree of decreasing rock mass stability based on the revealed dependency. The features of the geophysical survey components are described in details. The methodology and findings of the underground electric sounding using a sequential gradient electrode system at specific metal deposit are presented, including using theoretical curves and determining rock conductivity and the distance to workings. Besides, correctness of the geophysical method findings was assessed differentially. The assessment was prepared for decreasing rock mass stability based on electrometric logging data, and for advance outlining heterogeneity zones in rock masses by electric sounding along working walls. Based on findings of the conducted experimental work on revealing structural boundaries within rock mass, the method of electric sounding along working walls was recommended for application in practice. As for the studied borehole electric sounding application, the convergence of the experimental and theoretical curves is insufficient to recommend the method for practical application.

scholarly journals Improved characterization of alpine permafrost through structurally constrained inversion of refraction seismic data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Steiner ◽  
Florian M. Wagner ◽  
Adrian Flores Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Interpretation Errors ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Refraction Seismic

Abstract. Geophysical methods are widely used to investigate the influence of climate change on alpine permafrost. Methods sensitive to the electrical properties, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), are the most popular in permafrost investigations. However, the necessity to have a good galvanic contact between the electrodes and the ground in order to inject high current densities is a main limitation of ERT. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of refraction seismic tomography (RST) to overcome the limitations of ERT and to monitor permafrost processes. Seismic methods are sensitive to contrasts in the seismic velocities of unfrozen and frozen media and thus, RST has been successfully applied to monitor seasonal variations in the active layer. However, uncertainties in the resolved models, such as underestimated seismic velocities, and the associated interpretation errors are seldom addressed. To fill this gap, in this study we review existing literature regarding refraction seismic investigations in alpine permafrost permitting to develop conceptual models illustrating different subsurface conditions associated to seasonal variations. We use these models to conduct a careful numerical study aiming at a better understanding of the reconstruction capabilities of standard and constrained RST approaches. Our results demonstrate, that the incorporation of structural constraints in the inversion and the usage of constrained initial models help to better resolve the geometry and the velocity structure of the true models. Moreover, we present the successful application of this extended constrained approach for the inversion of refraction seismic data acquired at Hoher Sonnblick (Austria) by incorporating complementary information obtained from the modelling of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) signatures. In conclusion, our study shows the potential of an extended constrained RST to improve the reconstruction of subsurface units and the associated seismic velocities in a permafrost environment, permitting to reduce the uncertainties in the interpretation of the imaging results.

scholarly journals Back Analysis of Geomechanical Parameters of Rock Masses Based on Seepage-Stress Coupled Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Deng ◽  
Dongyang Yuan ◽  
Dongsheng Yang ◽  
Changsheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Back Analysis ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Inverse Model ◽  
Coupled Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Geomechanical Parameters ◽  
Relative Errors

Given that rock masses are complex, the geomechanical parameters of rock masses are hard to determine in underground engineering. In this paper, the inverse model and method are established to identify the parameters based on the coupled stress and fluid flow model combined with the finite element method and adaptive genetic algorithm. Moreover, the model and method are applied in the Lianghekou highway tunnel, and the initial permeability coefficients of the stratum and the lateral pressure coefficients of the initial ground stress are identified by the back analysis with relative errors of the measured and fitted values at measuring points below 5%. Results show that the inverse model and method are effective and sound.

METHODS TO FIND COORDINATES OF OIL WELLS – CONTAMINATORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Semchuk ◽  
H. D. Lialiuk-Viter ◽  
G. M. Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We have analyzed methods that are used to locate oil wells which pollute subsurface water. The main method to find coordinates is to run indicators in a well. It has been found out that a substance which would be absent in natural water should be selected among the range of chemical indicators. The selection of certain dyes is determined by physical and chemical properties of aquifers in order to eliminate sorption and dispersion processes. Two types of field research are recommended. The first scheme involves putting of the indicator into the well under conditions of natural flow, and the second scheme is the injection of substance into the well. The article points out the drawbacks of this method. It has also examined hydro chemical method to determine the coordinates which is based on the chemical analysis of samples taken from wells. We have also analyzed the method which uses hydrodynamic research to determine sources of contamination of aquifers. That is to disturb static equilibrium in the aquifer by intensive sample taking from the well which is the contamination source.

ARRANGEMENT WITH GARDENS AND PARKS IN COUNTRY HOMESTEADS OF KURSK CITY. PART II. COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND GARDENS AND PARKS ARRANGEMENT IN THE LARGE HOMESTEADS OF THE FIRST HALF OF XIX CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Elena Kholodova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Kursk Region

The study is based on the identified archival and published sources, field research of the author, which enable to reconstruct a more reasonably shaped, the material structure is lost in the nobility and merchant estates in the area of origin of horticulture and the natural border of Russia. The basis of the study is the study of topography and physical and geographical types of terrain characteristic of the Kursk region. The scientific novelty of the research is associated with the author's expeditions to identify signs of the existence of manor objects – landscapes and parks, full-scale survey of a number of preserved manor com-plexes, which did not attract the attention of researchers to a sufficient extent.. Of particular importance is the identification of archival and printed sources that allow more reasonably reconstruct the figurative and material structure of the lost elements of noble and merchant estates. The contribution to modern knowledge is systematic information about different types of management, their impact on the spatial structure of the estate and its natural environment, as well as about the features of garden and Park techniques that existed in the studied period of the history of the Kursk region.

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