scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERPROLACTINEMIA ON THE LEVEL OF ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
Mire Spasov ◽  
Verica Spasovа ◽  
Hristijan Spasov ◽  
Valjdrina Ajeti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Serum Estradiol Level ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Physiological Conditions

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone that is synthesized and secreted by specialized cells in the adenohypophysis called lactotrophs.Excretion of prolactin from lactotrophs is regulated by neurohormones or neurotransmitters who are secreted in the hypothalamus, and they have a stimulating or inhibiting role in its secretion.By maintaining a balance in the excretion of these factors, the level of prolactin concentration in the serum is within normal reference limits.Disruption of dopamine excretion as the strongest inhibitor of prolactin secretion increases the level of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinaemia. A prolonged increase in prolactin levels in serum, in the absence of pregnancy or lactation is referred to as pathological hyperptopectinemia, which is most common in women. Physiological conditions in which an increased level of prolactin appears, and which are not a disease, are pregnancy, breast-feeding, nipple stimulation, physical activity, stress condition, longer-term sleep, and more.The aim of the study was to determine the level of prolactin in the group of patients with confirmed hyperprolactinaemia, compared with the control group of patients, and at the same time to analyze the influence of hyperprolactinemia on the level of ovarian steroids, estradiol, and progesterone in the hyperprolactinemic group of patients,in relation to the control group. Patients aged 25-35 years with pre-established hyperprolactinaemia were examined. Prolactin, estradiol and progesterone were examined. Patients were divided into three groups, a control group of patients with values for prolactin within the limits of the reference, a group of patients with diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia,that is an elevated level of prolactin and a group under the therapy with Bromergon or Dostinex.Our results suggest that in hyperprolactinemia the concentration of prolactin in patients is significantly increased in relation to the control group, but after treatment with Dostinex or Bromergon in the treated group of patients, the level of prolactin significantly decreases to concentrations close to the control group. In hyperprolactinemic patients, the serum estradiol level was significantly reduced with respect to the control group, but with the application of antiprolactin therapy the concentration significantly increased to levels close or higher compared to the control group. The value of progesterone in hyperprolactinemic patients is significantly reduced in relation to the control group, but in the treated group of patients with Bromergon or Dostinex there is a significant increase in progesterone in the serum to levels that are slightly higher compared to the values for progesterone from the control group.

scholarly journals Peripheral Administration of RF9 Does Not Affect Hypothalamic-PituitaryGonadal Axis in Normal Fed Adult Male Macaque

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aalia Batool ◽  
Madiha Wazir ◽  
Rahim Ullah ◽  
Aalia Batool ◽  
Rabia Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Short Time

Stress represses hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG-axis) but RF9, a synthetic peptide, rescues such repression. To assess the role of RF9 in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in higher primates, RF9 was administered to intact adult male rhesus monkeys and response of the HPG-axis was examined by measuring plasma testosterone as an end parameter of the axis. Control group (n=4) received normal saline whereas the treated group (n=4) received RF9. On the first day of experiment, four bolus injections of normal saline (1ml/animal) were administered intravenously at 2-hr interval to the control monkeys. Similarly, on the second day of experiment, treated group received four iv bolus injections of RF9 (0.1mg/kg BW) at 2-hr interval. Serial blood samples were collected at 20 min interval during a 6-hr period which started just after first saline/RF9 injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by using a specific EIA. Overall means of plasma testosterone levels and plasma testosterone area under curve (AUC) and overall mean testosterone and mean testosterone AUC in short time windows following each injection of RF9 and saline were comparable between the groups. Our results demonstrate that RF9 has no role in regulating HPG-axis under normal physiological conditions in adult male monkeys.

Communication through Physical Activity for Learning Disabled Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hendry ◽  
Robert Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reading Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Integrated Program

To measure the extent to which an integrated program of motor and cognitive tasks might enhance the learning disabled children's motor and basic cognitive skills, a treated group of 8 had three ½-hr. sessions per week for 6 mo. 8 control subjects continued regular physical education and reading programs with their classroom teacher. All subjects were tested before and after 6 mo. Over-all the treated group showed greater improvement on tests of both motor and cognitive skills than the control group. This study suggests a physical activity program can influence basic cognitive skills as well as motor skills.

scholarly journals Analysis of correlation between estradiol and fracture of femur neck

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Davood Sharifi ◽  
Masoud Mohebbi ◽  
Mahmood Farrokhfar ◽  
Roohie Farzaneh ◽  
Hamideh Feiz Disfani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Estradiol Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Serum Estradiol Level ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Mean

Osteoporosis is a major public health challenge all over the world. Estrogen hormone was cited amongst other hormones to be an efficient hormone for the production and maintenance of bone density. This study was designed with the purpose of evaluating and analyzing the estradiol effect on fractures of femur neck in the Iranian society. This study evaluated men over 50 years of age suffering with mild trauma (falling off the same level height or lower) and with a fracture on their femur neck. Also, their serum level of estradiol was measured with an ELISA method. Using this procedure, the patients were assigned into groups with either normal estradiol serum level (10pg/ml and higher) or with lower than normal level (lower than 10 pg/ml). A control group including 50-year-old and older men without hip fracture, or its history, was chosen to access their estradiol serum level. Data collected from these two groups were statistically compared. A total of 120 patients were evaluated (60 in the control and 60 in the test group). The mean age of patients in the control and test groups were 67.9±10.22 and 69.5±8.84 years, respectively (p=0.376). Smoker patients’ percentages in the control and test groups were 35% and 31.7%, respectively (p=0.699). On the basis of the serum estradiol level, patients’ percentages with low estradiol level in control and test groups were 10% and 16.7%, respectively (p=0.283). The only significant factor in predicting serum estradiol level was smoking. In conclusion, in this study it was observed that fractures of the femoral neck following a mild trauma were not correlated to low level of serum estradiol.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERPROLACТINEMIA ON THE LEVEL OF FSH AND LH IN WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-916
Author(s):  
Mire Spasov ◽  
Verica Spasova
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

Prolactin as a hormone secreted by lactotrophs of the adenocyphosis primarily affects lactation in mammals, that is, on the production of milk (lactogenesis), the development and branching of the milk channels (mamogenesis) and the removal of milk through the nipples (galactopoezis). Other significant biological effects of prolactin include maintaining the internal homeostasis of the organism acting as an osmoregulatory hormone, as an luteotrophic hormone and has an immunological role in the body. Excretion of prolactin is regulated by the action of prolactin stimulating and prolactin inhibiting factors of the hypothalamus. By maintaining a balance in the excretion of these factors, the level of concentration of prolactin in the serum is in normal reference values. Disturbance in the excretion of dopamine as the strongest prolactin secretion inhibitor increases the level of prolactin, a condition known as hyperprolactinaemia, in which all hormones important for the normal menstrual cycle are inhibited, leading to reduced production of ovarian follicles and ovarian steroids, anovulation and sterility in women. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of prolactin in a group of patients with established hyperprolactinaemia in relation to the control group of patients and determining the level of gonadotrophic hormones FSH and LH in hyperprolactinemic patients in relation to the control group. The aim was also to see the effect of Bromergon or Dostinex in hyperprolactinemic patients on the level of FSH and LH after receiving the therapy. Patients aged 25 to 35 years with pre-diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia were examined. Prolactin, FSH and LH were examined from the parameters. Patients were divided into three groups, a control group of patients, a group of patients with diagnosed hyperprolactinaemia, and a group of patients treated with Bromergon or Dostinex. From the results obtained, it became clear that in the control group of patients, the levels of prolactin, FSH and LH were in normal reference values. In the hyperprolactinemic patients, prolactin has been significantly increased, but after the dose of Dostinex or Bromergon in the treated group, the level of prolactin significantly decreases to values close to the control group. It was noted that the concentration of FSH in hyperprolactinemic patients was lower in relation to the concentration of FSH in the control group, and the serum FSH level in patients treated with antiprolactin therapy was increased to a level higher than the concentration of FSH in the control group.The level of LH in the serum from hyperprolactinemic patients is less than LH level in the control group, but to a lesser extent compared to the level of FSH under the same conditions. In the treatment of patients with antiprolactin therapy there is an increase in serum concentrations of LH with values significantly higher than the control group.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Haemostatic Clot Formation at Anastomosis of Synthetic Venous Graft in Defibrinogenated Dogs: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishimaru ◽  
E Berglin ◽  
H-A Hansson ◽  
A-C Teger-Nilsson ◽  
G William-Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Vena Cava ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Fibrin Network ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryA segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/1 on the first postoperative day.Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation.The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Evaluation of anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-induced psoriasis in mouse tail model

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Jada Naga Lakshmi ◽  
A. Narendra Babu ◽  
Rama Rao Nadendla
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Objectives: To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. Materials and Methods: Anti-psoriatic activity of selected phytochemicals on UV-Induced psoriasis in mouse tail model. The animals were dividing into 05 groups and each group contain 5 animals. Disease control group did not receive any treatment only exposure to UV-light, vehicle control treated with simple ointment, standard group treated with salicylic acid (1%w/w) ointment, remaining group are treated 1% and 2% selective phytochemical at two concentrations of ointment to topically on the tail skin. And the data were analysed using one way ANOVA followed by two-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test). Results: There was significant decrease in epidermal thickness (P < 0.05) as compared with control group. In 2% phytoconstituents has shown a significant reduction in the total epidermal thickness 8.4****±0.748, 7.6**±0.6781 and 8*±0.8366 in geraniol, glycyrrhizic acid and ellagic acid treated group, when compare to the disease induced animal, there was no lesion of Munro’s microabscess, capillary loop dilation along with elongation of rete ridges in the section of skin of rats. Psoriasis Severity Index was reduced in test treated groups as compared with that of disease control group. It was slowly reduced to 2nd week, totally (55-70%) reduction in PSI is observed at the time of third week of treatment period. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the 2% of geraniol, ellagic acid, glycyrrhizicacid and hesperidin, exhibited significant activity on UV-induced psoriasis in rodents. The study implies that selected phytoconstituents are a promising research for further investigations to prove its anti-psoriatic activity.

Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Albrakati
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Kidney Function Tests ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

Soy milk and avocado juice: what is the best to reduce cholesterol among obesity children?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Agustin Purwaningtyas ◽  
Kustiningsih Kustiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Central Java Province

Children with obesity have high risk to have abnormal cholesterol rate. Obesity and high cholesterol rate can cause cardiovascular disease at a later time. Children have normal rate of cholesterol if the cholesterol rate in the blood is <170 mg/dL, the threshold category between 170-199 mg/dL, and high category is >200 mg/dL. Soy Milk and avocado juice are the ways of non pharmacological care that can be applied to reduce cholesterol rate. This study aims to compare Soy Milk and avocado juice giving toward cholesterol rate in children with obesity in State Elementary School 1 and 2 of Katerban, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The study used quasi experiment design with non-equivalent control group framework. Samples of the study were 30 children taken by use purposive sampling. Soy Milk and avocado juice effective to reduce cholesterol level in obesity children (p value=0,000, p<0,05), but neither soy milk and avocado juice there’re no one that more effective to decrease cholesterol level (p value=0,902, p>0,05). 60% of respondent were male student age 11 years (36,7%). Father education were high. Soya milk and avocado juice are able to reduce cholesterol rate. Parents must give attention to children’s dietary intake to reduce cholesterol and obesity, also motivate them to do physical activity.

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