scholarly journals POST-SOVIET RUSSIA: RISKS OF “THE EPOCH OF NOSTALGIA

PRIMO ASPECTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Nadezhda BAGDASARYAN ◽  
Marina KOROL
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Historical Past

The article considers the state of socio cultural reality of post-Soviet Russia, which carried out transit from socialism to capitalism. Transformation of Russia into a new capitalist country of the post-communist bloc during the reforms of the1990s was associated with privatization, as a result of which there was a rapid stratification of society, income polarization, wrongfully impoverishment of the population and with massive downward mobility. Over the past quarter-century, a new stratification model has emerged. This model cannot be considered as a stable connection of social life subjects not only by age characteristics, experience of socialization, attitude to property, but also because this structure is due to the entire socio cultural state of the post-Soviet space. In society, the mood of idealization of the Soviet past is growing to find protective mechanisms against the uncertain future. The critical optics of the "epoch of nostalgia" concept, which is dedicated to the posthumously published work of the outstanding British sociologist Z. Bauman "Retropia," permits to light up the risks and threats of the mood of the idealization of the past. The past must be seen not as a frozen ideological construct, but as a continuum that can help to understand the origins of the social contexts of the present and the prospects of the future. Memory culture is also the policy of a state that works subtly with its historical past in the information field of mass consciousness: gross manipulation of it in modern society can produce unpredictable results.

scholarly journals Predicting the Future: Art and Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-911
Author(s):  
Akos Rona-Tas
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predictive Algorithms ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Governance

Abstract Predictive algorithms are replacing the art of human judgement in rapidly growing areas of social life. By offering pattern recognition as forecast, predictive algorithms mechanically project the past onto the future, embracing a peculiar notion of time where the future is different in no radical way from the past and present, and a peculiar world where human agency is absent. Yet, prediction is about agency, we predict the future to change it. At the individual level, the psychological literature has concluded that in the realm of predictions, human judgement is inferior to algorithmic methods. At the sociological level, however, human judgement is often preferred over algorthms. We show how human and algorithmic predictions work in three social contexts—consumer credit, college admissions and criminal justice—and why people have good reasons to rely on human judgement. We argue that mechanical and overly successful local predictions can result in self-fulfilling prophecies and, eventually, global polarization and chaos. Finally, we look at algorithmic prediction as a form of societal and political governance and discuss how it is currently being constructed as a wide net of control by market processes in the USA and by government fiat in China.

scholarly journals Reception as a Unity of Cultural and Historical Memory, Oblivion, and Imagination

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 255-265
Author(s):  
N.A. Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
T.M. Shatunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
The University ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Outstanding Representative

This article is dedicated to the memory of Evgenii Aleksandrovich Chiglintsev, a brilliant historian, an outstanding representative of the university intelligentsia, and a wonderful comrade with the best human qualities. E.A. Chiglintsev’s works are interdisciplinary, useful for practically all humanities, and certainly important from the philosophical and socio-philosophical perspectives. The study aims to analyze and evaluate the phenomenon of cultural reception in the context of E.A. Chiglintsev’s writings. The main problematic field of the article is the meanings, boundaries, and prospects of the phenomenon of reception, which has become one of the main subjects of E.A. Chiglintsev’s research interest. E.A. Chiglintsev focused mostly on the universal meaning of reception, whereas this article also considers its historical backgrounds, as well as the possibilities and meanings of cultural and historical receptions in the modern culture and society. The research is relevant due to the practical need to develop an adequate attitude to the past in the modern society, i.e., because of the need to distinguish what and in what forms should be remembered, what and how to forget, how to take fire from the past, not ashes. Today, every person who considers himself or herself modern must constantly undergo the path of rethinking his or her historical past, and thus participate in the reception of past cultures. The conclusion is made about the historicity of reception, the classical forms of which are developing in the modern culture, about the problematic nature of this phenomenon in the postmodern culture. The problem of further development of the meaning of reception in the modern culture and its limits is posed.

scholarly journals Global intercultural conflicts between East and West and their reflection in the Turkish press

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Bazdyreva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
East And West ◽  
Intercultural Conflicts ◽  
Further Development

Turkey, which has a certain status due to its special geographic and geopolitical position, once again faces a choice of further development path. A country that positions itself on the world stage as a connecting link between the regions of East and West today, at the end of two hundred years of Westernization, is again putting forward the thesis of the sacred foundations of social life — the spiritual values ​​of Islam. The situation is complicated by the fact that over the past decade, phenomena (extremism, terrorism, Islamophobia) have become widespread throughout the world, which in the minds of modern society are associated with the internal problems of Islam

scholarly journals Knowledge From Vice: Deeply Social Epistemology

Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (515) ◽  
pp. 887-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Levy ◽  
Mark Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Agency ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology ◽  
Human Social Life

Abstract In the past two decades, epistemologists have significantly expanded the focus of their field. To the traditional question that has dominated the debate — under what conditions does belief amount to knowledge? — they have added questions about testimony, epistemic virtues and vices, epistemic trust, and more. This broadening of the range of epistemic concern has coincided with an expansion in conceptions of epistemic agency beyond the individualism characteristic of most earlier epistemology. We believe that these developments have not gone far enough. While the weak anti-individualism we see in contemporary epistemology may be adequate for the kinds of cases it tends to focus on, a great deal of human knowledge production and transmission does not conform to these models. Furthermore, the dispositions and norms that are knowledge-conducive in the familiar cases may not be knowledge-conducive generally. In fact, dispositions that, at an individual level, count as epistemic vices may be epistemic virtues in common social contexts. We argue that this overlooked feature of human social life means that epistemology must become more deeply and pervasively social.

IDEOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN ALBANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040
Author(s):  
Roland Lami
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

In this paper, ideological confusion is explained based on the structural-functionalist perspective. Analysis of the phenomenon in question focuses mainly on the interdependence created between the “deeply-social” factors of and political discourse. This analysis is undertaken to better understand the circumstances that condition political parties on representing social categories in different social contexts and on showing the implications of political identity building based on the type of discourse used by the political actors. For this reason, while Almond (1968), Easton (1865), Luhmann (1981) analyze the ideology, they pay attention directly to the way of society structuring, and not as much to the political discourse. According to them, no partial aspect of social life and no isolated phenomenon can be understood unless it is linked with historical integrity and social structure conceived as a general unit. In this study, macro analysis focuses on the identification and treatment of several important indicators in terms of influences in structuring the political identity as important elements even for the empirical testing to the solutions this paper proposes. In this article the political discourse of Democratic Party and Socialist Party is analyzed in three different time periods, 1992 - 1996, 1997 - 2001 and 2002 - 2012. In the first period, on the one hand, the government of the right wing undertook many structural reforms, while on the other hand it does not neglect social assistance for certain groups affected by these reforms. During this period, the Socialist Party is focused more on dealing with itself in terms in order to break with the past than to create a particular profile in an ideological sense - in relation to the opponent. This approach makes political parties differ little from one another. The only difference between them in this period is the discourse: “anticommunism” and “antiberishism”. Democratic Party refers to the origin of Socialist Party to attack it for its relation with the past, while Socialist Party denounces the whole Democratic Party for its leadership qualities. More specifically, each attitude of SP in opposition was labeled as a reminiscence of the former Labour Party, while for the SP every each attitude of the government manifested authoritarian, provincial and tribal tendencies of Berisha.

scholarly journals WAYANG WAHYU : HIBURAN DAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Aquinas Gutama
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Entertainment Media ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

<p><em>The life of modern society offers a variety of entertainment media, so traditional entertainment such as wayang is no longer interesting. Some religious institutions open themselves so that their religious teachings can be learned through the wayang wahyu revelation. The purpose of this study is to examine the wayang Ngajab Rahayu revelation which was chosen as a medium for planting the values of community life, and the community's response to the wayang wahyu revelation and understanding and implementing it in social life. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted on the audience of Wayang Wahyu Ngajab Rahayu, dhalang Wayang Wahyu Ngajab Rahayu, a Christian religious figure in Surakarta. Data analysis techniques using an interactive analysis model with the Functional Structural Theory of Parsons. The results showed that Wayang Wahyu is not just a spectacle that is used as a guide, but rather a guidance that is exhibited and realized by Christians. So that Wayang Wahyu is seen from an artistic point of view as an entertaining spectacle with its jokes, while from the point of view of preaching it is a model for learning the Christian faith. Wayang Wahyu provides an example of good deeds, which is a learning process for Christians to "ground" the teachings of Christ in the past for modern life. After people become acquainted with religion, their adherents often make it an exaggerated difference. For that we need wisdom in dealing with differences. There needs to be a "dialogue" that expresses what is taught by a religion, so that other religions can know and understand it. Wayang Wahyu can be an example of dialogue between religious communities.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>P</em><em>uppet Wahyu</em><em>;</em><em> Entertainment</em><em>;</em><em> Learning Media</em><em>.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kehidupan masyarakat modern banyak menawarkan berbagai media hiburan, sehingga hiburan tradisional seperti wayang tidak menarik lagi. Lembaga agama ada yang membuka diri agar ajaran agamanya bisa dipelajari melalui pentas wayang wahyu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji wayang wahyu Ngajab Rahayu yang dipilih sebagai media penanaman nilai-nilai kehidupan bermasyarakat, dan tanggapan masyarakat terhadap pertunjukkan wayang wahyu dan memaknai dan mengimplementasikannya dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini dilakukan terhadap penonton Wayang Wahyu Ngajab Rahayu, dhalang Wayang Wahyu Ngajab Rahayu, tokoh agama Kristiani di Surakarta. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif dengan teori Struktural Fungsional dari Parsons. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Wayang Wahyu bukan sekedar tontonan yang dijadikan tuntunan, melainkan suatu tuntunan yang dipertontonkan dan diwujudkan oleh para pemeluk agama Kristiani. Sehingga Wayang Wahyu dilihat dari sudut kesenian merupakan suatu tontonan yang menghibur dengan leluconnya, sedangkan dari sudut pewartaan merupakan model pembelajaran iman Kristiani. Wayang Wahyu memberikan contoh perbuatan baik merupakan suatu pembelajaran bagi pemeluk agama Kristiani untuk “membumikan” ajaran Kristus pada jaman yang lampau untuk kehidupan modern ini. Setelah orang mengenal agama, pemeluknya sering menjadikannya suatu perbedaan yang terlalu dibesar-besarkan. Untuk itu perlu kearifan dalam menyikapi perbedaan. Perlu adanya suatu “dialog” yang mengungkapkan apa yang diajarkan oleh suatu agama, sehingga agama lain dapat mengetahui dan memahaminya. Wayang Wahyu dapat menjadi contoh ajang dialog antar umat beragama. <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci : </strong>Wayang Wahyu; Hiburan; Media Pembelajaran.</p>

scholarly journals Znaleźć miłość w telewizji. Alternatywne metody poszukiwania partnera życiowego w dobie społeczeństwa ponowoczesnego. Casus telewizyjnych programów randkowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021(42) (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Patryk Barszcz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
The Past

This article presents the phenomenon of dating game shows discussing selected examples of shows in the context of transformations taking place in different spheres of social life and characteristic of the current post-modern society. The said transformations are also affecting romantic relationships, which are marked by a growing interest of singles in alternative methods of searching for a life partner. One of these methods involves participating in dating game shows that have recently enjoyed a rising popularity. The article also presents and compares the ways of establishing romantic relationships between women and men both in the past centuries and today. The aim of the article is to present dating game shows as one of the modern alternative methods of searching for love and establishing romantic relationship in the 21st century.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

Book Review: Toshchenko Zh.T. Trauma Society: Between Evolution and Revolution (The Experience of Theoretical and Empirical Analysis). Moscow: Ves’ Mir, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Trauma Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

The review reveals the basic conceptions elaborated by one of the major Russian modern sociologists Zh.T. Toshchenko in his new research. The reviewer argues that the book’s author thoroughly examines the various methodological grounds for identifying the essential characteristics of social dynamics. At the same time, the reviewer focuses on the further development of the theory of modern society, proposed by the book’s author. Thus, Zh.T. Toshchenko, who spent many years researching social deformations, formulates an important concept – the concept of a society of trauma as the third modality of social development along with evolution and revolution. The book offers a fundamentally new view of social life, there is a holistic, systematic approach to all its processes and phenomena. The reviewer concludes that the new book of the social theorist Zh.T. Toshchenko is a significant contribution to sociological theory, since it develops ideas about the state and prospects of Russian society, gives accurate assessments of all social processes.

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