Kirgizistan gazetelerinde karaçay sürgünü

Author(s):  
Zalina Adobaşeva

Özet. Bu çalışma Kırgızistan’daki Karaçayrın Kırgızistan gazetelerindeki sürgün olayını incelemeyi amaçlayan ve Ocak 2019- Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Kırgızistan Milli Kütüphanesi’nde ve Kırgızistan’daki Karaçayların ''Ata Curt'' Uluslararası Derne- ği’nde bulunan gazetelerden derleme, inceleme sonucunda gerçekleştirilen bir araştır- manın ürünüdür. Yapılan ilmi çalışmanın temel amacı, Sovyet devletinin gizli bir sır olarak sakladığı trajik ve az bilinen tarihi sayfalarında yer alan sürgün olayını anlatmak ve aydınlatmaktır. 1944’dan başlayarak toplu şekilde Kırgızistan’a sürgün edilmiş olan ve yarım yüzyıldan fazla burada oturan Karaçaylar ve Karaçayların sürgünü başlı başına bağımsız bir araştırma konusudur. Hele ki Kırgızistan’daki Karaçay halkı azınlık grubu oluşturduğu için bunların temel hak ve özgürlüklerin korunması, barış ve hoşgörü içinde yaşaması ülkenin demokrasiye geçişi bakımından da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Böyle bir demokratik bir devlette herhangi bir insan sosyal değer olarak sayılacak mı? Bunun için her bir halkın dilinin, kültürünün korunması ve eskiden yaşanılan acıların gelecekte bir daha yaşatılmaması ve bu acıların halka yansıtılmaması açısından önemlidir. Anahtar Sözcükler: SSCB dönemi, Kafkasya, Karaçay-Çerkes Cumhuriyeti, Kırgı- zistan, vatan, Karaçaylar, Karaçayların sürgünü, Milli Kütüphane, Kırgızistan gazeteleri, hak, özgürlük vs. Аннотация: Данная работа посвящена изучению событий депортации карачаевцев Кыргызстана в киргизских газетах и является продуктом исследования, проведенного в период с января 2019 года по март 2019 года в результате изучения и обзора газет, находящихся в Национальной библиотеке Киргизии и Международной ассоциации карачаевцев Кыргызстана "Ата Журт". Основная цель проделанной научной работы – рассказать и осветить трагическое и малоизвестное историческое событие, которое советское государство долгое время хранило в тайне. Карачаевцы и депортация карачаевцев, массово депортированных в Киргизию с 1944 года и проживающих здесь более полувека, само по себе является самостоятельным предметом исследований. В силу того, что карача- евский народ в Кыргызстане является меньшинством, то и сохранение основных прав и свобод меньшинств, а также мир и толерантность в межнациональных отношениях имеют большое значение в условиях развития демократического общества. Будет ли каждый человек в таком демократическом государстве считаться социальной ценностью? Для этого важно сохранить язык, культуру и не забывать историю каждого народа, чтобы эта страшная трагедия, произошедшая ранее, не имела будущего и не оказала влияния на народ в целом. Ключевые слова: период СССР, Кавказ, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика, Кыргызстан, Родина, карачаевцы, депортация карачаевцев, Национальная библиотека, газеты Кыргызстана, право, свобода и др. Abstract: This study is a product of a study which was carried out at the Kyrgyz National Library and Kyrgyzstan Karachays International Association’s "Ata Curt" In- ternational Association between January 2019 and March 2019. The main purpose of this scientific study is to explain and illuminate the event of exile on the tragic and lit- tle-known historical pages of the Soviet state, which is hidden as a secret. The Karachays and the exile of Karachays, who have been exiled to Kyrgyzstan since 1944 and have lived here for more than half a century, are an independent research topic. Especially because the Karachay people in Kyrgyzstan constitute a minority group, their protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, living in peace and tolerance are of great importance for the transition of the country to democracy. In such a democratic state, will any human be regarded as social value? For this reason, it is important to preserve the language and culture of each people and to ensure that the sufferings of the past are not kept alive in the future and that these sufferings are not reflected to the people. Key Words: USSR period, Caucasus, Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Karachays, Exile of Karachays, National Library, Kyrgyzstan newspapers, identity, homeland, rights, freedom etc.

Author(s):  
Nina Zaitseva

The paper is a brief account of the events of the past 20 years, which have been essential for the fate of the Veps, and brought the author, who found herself in the very heart of the processes of Vepsian language and culture revival, to the idea of creating the epic. Can one create an epic in the language of a people (Vepsians in our case) whose memory has preserved no epic-style pieces of literature, no large oral literary forms, whose folklore heritage is not so rich, the nation itself is a minority, and its language is already red-listed? Or should one? Writing the work was a chance to retrieve from the people’s memory many facts, real or imaginary events, rituals, customs and legends, melodious idioms and sayings, which might help revitalise the people, its language and culture. The paper demonstrates the folklore and mythological background of the epic, represents and substantiates the key aspects of the style poetics, its folk heritage roots.


2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Parvana Bayram Babaeva ◽  

The Constitution is the fundamental law not only of the state, but also of society, expressing the will of statehood and the sovereignty of the people. The Constitution establishes the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, socio-political institutions of power and a system of self-government of the people and acts as a legal basis for the formation and development of civil society. The constitution can be viewed as a micromodel, a legal symbol of society. It is within its borders and on its basis that the mechanism of state power operates, the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected, the directions of social development are determined. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a fundamental legal document establishing sovereignty, independence and supremacy of state power. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan covers not only the structure of the state, but also non-state spheres - the foundations of the socio-economic structure, the cultural life of society, the rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen. Key words: constitution, right, state, law, society, fundamental law, regulation, human rights and freedoms


1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hatchard

“We the people of South Africa declare that … there is a need to create a new order in which all South Africans will be entitled to … enjoy and exercise their fundamental rights and freedoms.” (Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa)


1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hatchard

A constitution enjoys a special place in the life of any nation, for it regulates not only the exercise of political power, but also the relationship between political entities and between the state and persons. Being the supreme law, it helps to shape the organisation and development of society both for the present and for future generations, and sets objective standards upon which the people and the international community can judge government performance, thus providing a measure of accountability and transparency in national and local affairs. Further, a constitution sets out the rights and duties of the citizens, and provides mechanisms to enable them to protect their interests. Overall a constitution can contribute to the development of a politically active civil society as well as promoting good governance, accountability and the rule of law.Prior to the 1990s the history of constitutions and constitutionalism in Commonwealth Africa, as elsewhere on the continent, was bleak. The newly independent states started life with the Westminster export model constitution bestowed upon them by the British. There was little or no opportunity for public debate on the document, and the nationalist leaders themselves had no genuine choice as to its structure and contents. The futility of forcing the model on the newly independent states, in the words of Karugire ‘a triumph of hope over experience’, inevitably led to constitutional instability and a round of constitution-making and amendment wholly designed to enhance executive power, remove checks and balances, and undermine the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms.


Author(s):  
Artem Arturovich Serdyukov

The purpose of the research was to study the fundamental provisions of the Constitution of India and the amendments made to it, which regulate the constitutional foundations and principles of the formation of a sovereign, secular, and democratic state. In addition, the article discusses the constitutional provisions relating to the acquisition of independence, the freedom of India, the formal establishment and consolidation of the fundamental rights and freedoms of its citizens and the abolition of the institution of untouchability. The study of the role and importance of the political and legal views of the leader of the national liberation movement, the philosopher and jurist Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in shaping the constitutional foundations and state structure of India is of some interest. The author used a complex of scientific methods to achieve the objective. It is concluded that the achievement of India's political independence, the declaration of equal rights and freedoms and the abolition of the untouchable caste in the state Constitution, is a significant contribution to the development of this country and a rapid step in increasing India's importance in the world.


Author(s):  
Jacques Hartmann

Contemporary populism is antagonistic towards human rights. As a result, the challenges now facing the human rights movement are fundamentally different from those of the past. Yet, proposed remedies to this malaise often seem ill-conceived. Populists tend to claim that the institutions charged with the protection of fundamental rights not only limit the capacity of the people to exercise their rightful power but are also the source of a growing discontent with the system itself. This narrative is often uncritically accepted and leads to suggestions that human rights must be fundamentally reformed. Although intuitively appealing, such suggestions commonly lack support from empirical evidence. In addition, much of the debate seemingly starts from the premise that the public is fully informed. Using Denmark as a case study, this Note shows that existing assumptions may be questioned. It further suggests that it may be dangerous to propose a cure before the malaise has been properly diagnosed.


Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens Schlebusch ◽  
Naseema B.M. Vawda ◽  
Brenda A. Bosch

Summary: In the past suicidal behavior among Black South Africans has been largely underresearched. Earlier studies among the other main ethnic groups in the country showed suicidal behavior in those groups to be a serious problem. This article briefly reviews some of the more recent research on suicidal behavior in Black South Africans. The results indicate an apparent increase in suicidal behavior in this group. Several explanations are offered for the change in suicidal behavior in the reported clinical populations. This includes past difficulties for all South Africans to access health care facilities in the Apartheid (legal racial separation) era, and present difficulties of post-Apartheid transformation the South African society is undergoing, as the people struggle to come to terms with the deleterious effects of the former South African racial policies, related socio-cultural, socio-economic, and other pressures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zachary Nowak ◽  
Bradley M. Jones ◽  
Elisa Ascione

This article begins with a parody, a fictitious set of regulations for the production of “traditional” Italian polenta. Through analysis of primary and secondary historical sources we then discuss the various meanings of which polenta has been the bearer through time and space in order to emphasize the mutability of the modes of preparation, ingredients, and the social value of traditional food products. Finally, we situate polenta within its broader cultural, political, and economic contexts, underlining the uses and abuses of rendering foods as traditional—a process always incomplete, often contested, never organic. In stirring up the past and present of polenta and placing it within both the projects of Italian identity creation and the broader scholarly literature on culinary tradition and taste, we emphasize that for so-called traditional foods to be saved, they must be continually reinvented.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Masubelele

 The telling of stories forms an integral part of human activities. It dominated pre-modern cultures and is still a human preoccupation today. All aspects of human life may be turned into a story, which may take one of many forms. Stories may be original creations in the language and culture in which they are told, or they may be derived—that is, they may be taken from another language and culture. Whatever the case, the people who are telling or retelling the story pattern the language they use in a manner that will arouse interest in their audience. It is against the backdrop of retelling stories that this article examines Ntuli’s use of elements of folklore in his translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom. The elements to be explored in Ntuli’s translation include proverbs and idioms. Gottschall’s notion of The storytelling animal underpins the discussions in this article. Accordingly, the article demonstrates how the use of the elements of folklore helped the translator to adorn his work in order to assert his presence in the text and to relate the receptor to modes of behaviour relevant to their culture. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Muhammad Eko Atmojo ◽  
Helen Dian Fridayani

Kulon Progo Regency is one of the districts that has many innovations, one of which is community empowerment in collaboration with a modern shop abbreviated as the shop name owned by the people (tomira). This research was motivated by the achievements of the Kulon Progo district government in carrying out development and innovation in the development of the Kulon Progo region by fully involving the Kulon Progo district community through community empowerment. This initiative was taken by the government of Kulon Progo Regency to improve community empowerment and protect the people of Kulon Progo Regency from various economic threats. Considering that in the past few years many modern shops have mushroomed in each district/city, so this is what makes Kulon Progo Regency move quickly to empower the community by collaborating between MSMEs or cooperative with modern shops. This study uses a qualitative method which case study approach. With the empowerment that has been done, the original products of Kulon Progo Regency or local products can be traded in modern stores so that local products in Kulon Progo Regency can compete with national products in these modern stores. The existence of such cooperation will indirectly improve the image of Kulon Progo Regency and lift the original products of Kulon Progo Regency. The lifting of the original products of Kulon Progo Regency will have a positive impact on the community, where indirectly the economy of the community will increase so that there will be prosperity for the community. Kabupaten Kulon Progo adalah salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki banyak inovasi, salah satunya adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat bekerja sama dengan toko modern disingkat nama toko yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat (tomira). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pencapaian pemerintah kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam melakukan pengembangan dan inovasi dalam pengembangan wilayah Kulon Progo dengan melibatkan sepenuhnya masyarakat kabupaten Kulon Progo melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat. Inisiatif ini diambil oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan melindungi masyarakat Kabupaten Kulon Progo dari berbagai ancaman ekonomi. Menimbang bahwa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir banyak toko-toko modern telah menjamur di setiap kabupaten/kota, jadi inilah yang membuat Kabupaten Kulon Progo bergerak cepat untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dengan berkolaborasi antara UMKM atau bekerjasama dengan toko-toko modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, dengan metode yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi. Dengan pemberdayaan yang telah dilakukan, produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo atau produk lokal dapat diperdagangkan di toko modern sehingga produk lokal di Kabupaten Kulon Progo dapat bersaing dengan produk nasional di toko modern ini. Adanya kerjasama tersebut secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan citra Kabupaten Kulon Progo dan mengangkat produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Pencabutan produk asli Kabupaten Kulon Progo akan berdampak positif bagi masyarakat, di mana secara tidak langsung perekonomian masyarakat akan meningkat sehingga akan ada kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat.


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