The Relationship of Knowledge and Parents’ Attitudes with Children’s Potty Training in Gampong Ujong Drien

One of the ideals of a nation is to produce a healthy and smart generation. Good generations in the future are formed from the first 1000 days of life to the age of 5 years. An important stimulus is to foster a child's independence in urinating and defecating in the toilet. The strategy that can be done by parents in teaching their children BAB and BAK is through potty training. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of knowledge and attitudes with potty training in under three years child’s. This research is analytic with cross sectional design. A sample of 40 toddler parents were taken using the total population technique. Chi Square test the relationship of parental knowledge with potty training obtained P Value 0.002 <0.05 so that parental knowledge with the implementation of potty training has a significant relationship. Chi Square test the relationship between parental attitudes with potty training obtained P Value 0.004 <0.05 so that parental attitudes with the implementation of potty training have a significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that knowledge and attitudes have a significant relationship with potty training in under three years child’s. It is recommended to the Puskesmas to make an introduction to potty training programs for parents so that the implementation of potty training can be achieved optimally.

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, JENIS KELAMIN DAN PERSEPSI GAMBAR KEMASAN ROKOK DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.38165/jk.v11i1.200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1454-1461

Author(s):

Ucu Wandi Somantri

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Statistical Test ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAKRokok atau gulungan tembakau yaitu salah satu produk yang peringkat konsumsinya relative banyak di masyarakat. Rokok juga masih menjadi masalah dan prioritas nasional daripada upaya untuk mengatasinya karena melibatkan berbagai aspek masalah dalam kehidupan, yaitu aspek ekonomi, sosial politik dan terutama aspek kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, Jenis Kelamin dan persepsi gambar kemasan rokok dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa Madrasah Aliyah RM Fatahillah. Penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional yang melibatkan 45 responden dengan menggunakan total sampling, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam satu bulan pada bulan Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square, dengan membagikan angket dalam bentuk kuesioner. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan p value = 0,025, pada α = 0,05 (p ≤ α) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan tentang bahaya merokok dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh p value = 0,832, pada α = 0,05 (p > α) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin tentang bahaya merokok dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh p value = 0,014, pada α = 0,05 (p ≤ α) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara persepsi tentang gambar kemasan rokok dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa.Kata kunci : Tingkat pengetahuan, Jenis Kelamin, Persepsi ABSTRACTCigarette or tobacco rolls are one of the products whose consumption ranking is relatively much in the community. Cigarette is also still a problem and national priorities rather than efforts to overcome it because it involves various aspects of problems in life, namely economic aspects, socio-political and especially health aspects. This research aims to determine the relationship of knowledge level, gender and the perception of cigarette packaging image with smoking behavior in students of Madrasah Aliyah RM Fatahillah. The study used cross sectional methods involving 45 respondents using total sampling, this study was conducted in one month in August 2019. This study used sufficient analysis with Chi-Square test, by distributing questionnaires in the form of a questionnaire. Statistical test results show P value = 0.025, at α = 0.05 (P ≤ α) it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between knowledge about the danger of smoking with smoking behavior in students. The results of the statistical test obtained p value = 0.832, at α = 0.05 (> α) It can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between gender about the danger of smoking with smoking behavior in students. Statistical test result obtained p value = 0.014, at α = 0.05 (P ≤ α) it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the perception on the cigarette packaging image with the smoking behavior in the students.Keywords : level of knowledge, gender, perception

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HUBUNGAN PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN DAN KETIDAKTERATURAN SIKLUS HAID DENGAN PENGGUNA KB SUNTIK PADA AKSEPTOR KB DI PUSKESMAS PEMBINA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2018

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v8i1.122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bina Aquari Bina Aquari

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Hormonal Contraception ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Monthly Period ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAK Kontrasepsi Hormonal sebagai salah satu alat Kontrasepsi meningkat dan tajam. Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) 2014, Pengguna alat kontrasepsi suntik yaitu 35,3%, pil yaitu 30,5%, IUD yaitu 15,2%, Implant 7,3%, dan 11,7% Kontrasepsi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan peningkatan berat badan dan ketidakteraturan siklus haid dengan KB suntik pada akseptor KB di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang Tahun 2018.Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah hubungan antara umur dan pengetahuan akseptor tentang KB Suntik di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang Tahun 2018.Penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan dengan kuesioner.Uji Statistic yang dipakai adalah Uji Chi-Square. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 62 orang dan seluruh Populasi dijadikan sampel. Dari hasil analisa univariat responden yang memakai KB Suntik lebih besar yaitu sebanyak 36 orang (58,1%), dan 26 orang (41,9%) yang tidak memakai KB Suntik. Responden yang berat badannya meningkat memakai kontrasepsi sebanyak 33 orang (53,2%), sedangkan responden yang berat badannya tidak meningkat sebanyak 29 orang (46,8%) dibandingkan dengan responden yang siklus haidnya tidak teratur adalah sebanyak 32 orang (51,6%). Hasil analisa statistik dengan menggunakan Uji Chi-Square dengan df = 1 ada hubungan yang bermakna peningkatan berat badan dengan KB Suntik pada akseptor KB diperoleh p value (0.006) lebih kecil dari (0,05) dan ada hubungan yang bermakna ketidakteraturan siklus haid dengan KB suntik pada akseptor KB diperoleh p value (0,011) lebih kecil dari (0,05). Saran agar petugas kesehatan meningkatkan kinerja dan sistem informasi mengenai masalah yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian KB Suntik. ABSTRACT The hormonal contraception as becoming on of the contraceptions tools which is increasing sharply. Based on world Health Organitation (WHO) the user of injected contraception is 35,3%, pill 30,5%, IUD 15%, implant 7,3%, and 11,7% for another contraception. The purpose of this research is for knowing wheter there is the increasing of weight and the irregular of monthly period with injected contraception for the acceptor at Puskesmas Pembina Palembang in 2014. The main case of this research is the relationship between the increasing of the weight and the irregular monthly period at Puskesmas Pembina Palembang in 2014. This research using analytic survey with cross sectional closing yhat was done by using questioner, the statistic test which take is Chi-Square test. The population in this reseacrh are 62 peoples, and all off them as becoming the sample from the result of respondent univariat analyze whom using the injected contraception in bigger that is exactly 36 people (58,1%) and 26 people (41,9%) whom do not using it. The respondent with their weight is increasing because of using contraception is 33 people (53,2%), while the respondent whom the weight do not increasing is 29 people (46,8%), when we compare with the respondent whom the monthly period is irregular are 32 people (51,6%). The result for statistic analyze by using the Chi-Square test with the df = 1 says that there is a significant relationship between the weight increasing with the injected contraception for the acceptor we get p value (0,006) is smaller than (0,05) and there is significant relationship between the injected contraception for the acceptor we get p value (0,011) with is smaller than (0,05). The sugestion of the health workes to increasing the performance the information sistem about the problem that is connected with the inject contraception using

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HUBUNGAN ASAP ROKOK TERHADAP TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI PADA IBU HAMIL DI DESA BRANGKAL BOJONEGORO

IKESMA ◽

10.19184/ikesma.v15i1.14411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Astri Meidah Setiawati

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

P Value ◽

Increase Blood Pressure ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The City

Cigarette exposure is one factor in the occurrence of hypertension and can increase blood pressure both for pregnant women and not. Hypertension is a fairly high disease problem in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of cigarette smoke to the occurrence of hypertension in pregnant women in Brangkal Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro City. This study is an observational analytic study and uses a quantitative approach. The design of this study uses cross sectional. The location of this study was conducted in Brangkal Village, Kepohbaru District, Bojonegoro City, from July to August 2018. The sample in this study used a total sampling of the population of all pregnant women in Brangkal Village, namely 10 pregnant women. The results of the study here are from the calculation of the chi-square test above indicating that the root problem of cigarette smoke in hypertension has P Value <α so that the results obtained are Ho accepted or not significant (p = 0.857). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship to exposure to cigarette smoke in the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. This occurs due to several factors such as a husband who is working outside the city so that exposure to cigarette smoke is not as often as possible. Supporting factors are such as diet, knowledge and the amount of parity can affect hypertension in pregnant women.

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HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IMUNISASI DENGAN KELENGKAPAN PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI POSYANDU KELURAHAN PANIKI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS ONDONG KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SIAU TAGULANDANG BIARO

e-NERS ◽

10.35790/ens.v1i1.1767 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martha Revy Sarame ◽

A. Y. Ismanto ◽

Abram Babakal

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

The Body ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Maternal Knowledge ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Immunization is the vaccine into the body in the form of weakened germs that cause the body to produce antibodies but not cause disease, even children become immune. The research objective was to determine the relationship of maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants at IHC Health Center Village Paniki working area Ondong Tagulandang Biaro Siau Islands District . The study design was cross sectional method and using Chi-Square test on the value of the Fisher Exact Test. The study was conducted on 32 mothers of infants aged 9-12 months. Sampling with a total sampling instrument in the form of a questionnaire study to determine the motherʾs knowledge and KMS (Card Towards Health) to determine the completeness of immunization. The analysis shows there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about immunization with complete basic immunization in infants (p = 0,000). Conclusion that mothers with a good knowledge of immunization will do complete basic immunization in children compared to mothers with less knowledge about immunization. Keywords: Knowledge mother, Completed Basic Immunization. Abstrak: Imunisasi adalah pemberian vaksin ke dalam tubuh berupa bibit penykit yang dilemahkan yang menyebabkan tubuh memproduksi antibodi tetapi tidak menimbulkan penyakit, bahkan anak menjadi kebal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Posyandu Kelurahan Paniki wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ondong Kabupaten Kepulauan Siau Tagulandang Biaro. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross Sectional dan menggunakan uji Chi-Square pada nilai Fisher Exact Test. Penelitian dilakukan pada 32 ibu yang memiliki bayi berusia 9-12 bulan. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dan KMS (Kartu Menuju Sehat) untuk mengetahui kelengkapan imunisasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi dengan kelengkapan pemberian imunisasi dasar pada bayi (p=0.000). Kesimpulan yaitu ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang baik akan melakukan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap pada anaknya dibandingkan ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang imunisasi yang kurang. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan ibu, Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar.

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HUBUNGAN KONDISI OVERCROWDED DENGAN KETEPATAN PELAKSANAAN TRIASE DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RSU GMIM PANCARAN KASIH MANADO

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN ◽

10.35790/jkp.v7i1.22880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vianthy Kundiman ◽

Lucky Kumaat ◽

Maykel Kiling

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Short Time ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: Triage is a patient sorting activity based on the severity of trauma or illness that iscarried out immediately in a short time. Overcrowded conditions by patients in the ED due tothe incompatibility of patients with the number of overcrowded nurses have an impact on theaccuracy implementation of triage in patients aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality.Thepurpose was to identify the relationship of overcrowded conditions and the accuracyimplementation of triage at ED of Pancaran Kasih GMIM Hospital Manado. The design studyis analytic survey with cross sectional.Samples 105 respondents with a Non Probabilitysampling technique namely Consecutive sampling. Results used the Chi square test with asignificance level of 95% so that the value of p value is 0,000 smaller than the significant valueof 0.05.Conclusion there is a relationship of overcrowded conditions and the accuracyimplementation of the truage at Emergency Department of Pancaran Kasih GMIM HospitalManado..Keywords: Triage, Overcrowded, AccuracyAbstrak: Triase merupakan kegiatan pemilahan pasien berdasarkan berat dan ringannya traumaatau penyakit yang diderita yang dilakukan segera dalam waktu yang singkat. Kondisiovercrowded oleh pasien di IGD disebabkan karena tidak sesuainya jumlah pasien denganjumlah perawat Overcrowded berdampak pada ketepatan pelaksanaan triase pada pasien yangbertujuan menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubunganantara kondisi overcrowded dengan ketepatan pelaksanaan triase di IGD RSU GMIM PancaranKasih Manado. Metode menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel terdiridari 105 responden dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel Non Probability sampling yaituConsecutive sampling. Hasil menggunakan uji Chi square dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95%sehingga didapatkan nilai p value yaitu 0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai signifikan 0,05. Kesimpulanterdapat hubungan antara kondisi overcrowded dengan ketepatan pelaksanaan triase di IGDRSU GMIM Pancaran Kasih Manado.Kata Kunci: Triase, Overcrowded, Ketepatan

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Citra Tubuh, Kecukupan Gizi, Status Gizi, dan Status Anemia pada Wanita Pranikah

Jurnal Gizi ◽

10.26714/jg.10.2.2021.42-52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Aanisah Ardiyanti ◽

Vitria Melani ◽

- Nadiyah ◽

Laras Sitoayu ◽

Yulia Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Ideal Body ◽

The One ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Health is the one of readiness factors in marriage. Towards the wedding, usually thebody image will be a concern. A diet to get the ideal body is often to found. The results showedthat the percentage of anemia in WUS who were not married was greater than WUS who werealready married. This study aimed to determine the relationship of body image, level ofnutritional adequacy, nutritional status, and anemia status in premarital women. An observational study with cross sectional approach. A number of 65 respondents wereselected by accidental sampling. The data were obtained through interviews usingquestionnaire (respondent characteristics, body shape questionare-34), anthropometricmeasurements (weight, height, body mass index, nutritional status), and blood sampling(hemoglobin levels). The data were analyzed using Chi-Square Test. The results showed a significant relationship between body image and anemia status(p<0,05). There was no significant relationship between the level of energy sufficiency,protein, fat, iron, zinc, and vitamin C with anemia status (p>0,05). There was no significantrelationship between nutritional status and anemia status (p>0,05). The conclusion is thatonly body image has a significant relationship to anemia status.Key words : anemia, body image, nutrition

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE SUPPORTS AND FEARS OF HOSPITALIZED SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN PKU MUHAMMADIYAH HOSPITAL, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 376-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Istinengtiyas Tirta Suminar ◽

Indria Laksmi Gamayanti ◽

Lely Lusmilasari

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

School Age Children ◽

P Value ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Background: Being hospitalized is usually related to the fear, especially for children. Nurse supports should be able to help the children to deal with the fears related to nurse and medical services. Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between nurse support and the fear of school-age children being treated in the PKU Muhammadiyah hospital, Yogyakarta.Methods: This study employed a cross sectional correlation design, which was conducted from October to December 2016 in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital. The samples of the study were 49 mothers and school-aged children who were admitted to the children ward. A consecutive sampling was applied to determine sample size. The instruments used in this study were nurse support and CMFS-R (Child Medical Fear Survey-Revised) questionnaires. Chi square test was performed with significance level p = 0.05 and level of trust = 95% for data analysis. Results: Findings showed 42.9% of respondents had medical fear and 36.7% of them had medical fear related-behavior responses. The nurse support was in a high category (73.5%). Chi square test showed p-value 0.038 (>0.05), which indicated that there was statistically no significant relationship between nurse support and children fear. There was only age of the children had a significant relationship with fear with p-value 0.035 (<0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant association between nurse support and fear of school-age children.

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Obedience of iron tablet consumption reduces risk of anemia among Indonesian female adolescents

Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery ◽

10.31101/jhtam.1345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Anjarwati Anjarwati ◽

Siti Ruqoiyah

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

P Value ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Menstrual Disorders ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Female adolescents have more risks to experience anemia when they have prolonged menstruation, frequent consuming tea, have inadequate iron consumption, have menstrual disorders. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of iron tablet consumption obedience with the incidence of anemia among female adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research used cross sectional study. Sampling techniques was using random sampling. Analysis method with Chi square test. The results showed that majority of female adolescents were lack of obedient in consuming iron tablets of 47%. The number of female adolescents were suffered from anemia i.e. 59%. It can be concluded that there was a correlation between the consumption obidience of iron tablets and the incidence of anemia in female adolescents with P value 0.000.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA JENIS INSISI KATARAK DENGAN KEJADIAN SINDROMA MATA KERING PADA PASIEN PASCA OPERASI KATARAK DI RUMAH SAKIT MATA BALI MANDARA

Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional ◽

10.37294/jrkn.v1i1.38 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

I Nyoman Widiadnyana ◽

I Kadek Nuryanto ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Made Kusuma Negara

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dry Eyes ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Background: Cataract surgery is a surgery for cataract patients. This surgery has some complications, such as the occurrence of dry eyes syndrome. There are two techniques of cataract surgery; they are Phacoemulsification and SISC with different type of incision. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the types of cataract incision with the incidence of dry eyes syndrome. Methods: This study used descriptive correlation design with cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling technique. The total sample used in this study were 78 respondents, in which 51 respondents had undergone Phacoemulsification incision and 27 respondents had undergone SICS incision. The data collection tool used was the OSDI questionnaires. Results: 10 respondents who had the SISC and 5 respondents who had the Phacoemulsification experienced dry eyes syndrome. The result of Chi Square test showed that p-value was 0.009; which means there was a significant relationship between the types of cataract incision with the incidence of dry eyes syndrome. Conclusion: The types of cataract incision had a significant relationship to the occurrence of dry eyes syndrome. Therefore, nurses are expected to be able to provide care and give CIE (communication, information, and education) to reduce the complications. Keywords: cataract, dry eyes syndrome, type of incision

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Faktor perilaku meningkatkan resiko keputihan

Jurnal Kebidanan ◽

10.26714/jk.9.1.2020.7-14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Umi Salamah ◽

Djati Wulan Kusumo ◽

Desi Nurlaela Mulyana

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Well Being ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Great Achievement ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Reproductive health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. Cleanliness of the female area for women is very important because it can make women feel comfortable and can prevent infectious diseases and infections. This research to determine the relationship of behavioral factors (urinary habits, use of irritants, habits during menstruation, use of underwear), and environmental factors (toilet hygiene) with the occurrence of vaginal discharge in students of the Great Achievement Midwifery Academy. This research uses analytic type with cross sectional approach. The sample of this research is 190 students of the Great Achievement Midwifery Academy, bivariate analysis using chi square. It was found that 134 (70.5%) respondents experienced vaginal discharge, there was a significant relationship between the use of irritants and vaginal discharge (p value = 0,000 and OR = 27.7), there was a significant relationship between the habit of urination and vaginal discharge (p value = 0,000 and OR = 34) , there is a significant correlation between the use of underwear with vaginal discharge (p value = 0.002 and OR = 36), there is a significant relationship between menstrual habits and vaginal discharge (p value = 0.006 and OR = 2.9). The use of irritants, urinary habits, underwear and voiding habits are risk factors for vaginal discharge.

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