scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN HAMA DAN MUSUH ALAMI PADA TANAMAN PALA (Myristica fragrans HOUTT.) DI ACEH SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeinika Fitria Lizmah ◽  
Agustinur Agustinur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Insect Sampling

The diversity of insects, both pests and natural enemies in each place differently is influenced by environmental factors and technical culture of cultivation. This study aims to determine the diversity of pests and natural enemies in nutmeg plants in South Aceh. Insect sampling was carried out at nutmeg plantations in South Aceh, followed by identification in the Faculty of Agriculture laboratory, Teuku Umar University. Methods of data collection using purposive sampling, using light traps, pit fall traps, yellow traps. The Parameters of this study are number of individuals, families, and insect diversity obtained. The results showed that the abundance of pests and natural enemies in Meukek was higher compared to Samadua. The Shannon-Wiener index shows a variety of pests in Meukek high (H'=3.029) and moderate in Samadua (H'=2,788). While the diversity of natural enemies in both Meukek and Samadua is relatively low, namely H'= 1.230 and H' = 1.049. Planting patterns and crop management affect the abundance and diversity of both pests and natural enemies in both locations. Plantations in Meukek tend to be heterogeneous which are planted with a variety of plantation crops (polyculture) while nutmeg plants in the same two are relatively homogeneous (monoculture of nutmeg). Keywords: diversity, pests, parasitoids, predators, nutmeg

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Tanaman Padi pada Lahan Lebak di Tiga Desa Kecamatan Sungai Pandan Kabupaten HSU

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-399
Author(s):  
Farida Adriani ◽  
Nur Hafizah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Traps ◽  
Paddy Crop

       Utilization of insect diversity is useful in overcoming pest in the field, by using parasitoids and predators to control pests, can prevent the use of toxic chemicals in the field, while providing a safe haven for other species to live and play its role in maintaining the health of the ecosystem. Insect diversity in South Kalimantan, especially paddy fields in swampy areas largely unknown, and therefore need to be examined. The aim of this study is to identify and assess the diversity of natural enemies in paddy crop in swampy areas, especially in the three villages in the district of  Sungai Pandan, Hulu Sungai Utara. This study was conducted from February - June 2015. The method used in this research is survey method with direct observation with an area of rice fields has been determined, and sampling arthropod natural enemies by using a swinging nets, water traps and light traps. Results from this study are: (1) The number of arthropod natural enemies found in shallow swamps is 20 species from seven orders, mid swamps and in each of the 16 species of seven orders; (2) The highest predator arthropod population in the shallow swamp area is Micraspis sp., The middle swamp is Paederus fuscipes, and the deep swamp is Micraspis sp. ; and (3) the diversity index of natural enemies of arthropods on the third mainland is low

scholarly journals Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Polychaeta pada jenis mangrove yang berbeda di Tahura Ngurah Rai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Luh Pt Priyandayani ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan ◽  
Widiastuti Karim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Mangrove at Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali contributes the organic material into environment. Polychaeta is one of the main benthic macrofauna that has important role in accumulating organic material to mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to explain the abundance and diversity of Polychaeta such as Rhizophora mucronata, mix mangrove and Sonneratia alba at Tahura Ngurah Rai. The sampling of Polychaeta using corers with diameter 17 cm and height 18 cm those sink in the substrate. The abundance was analyzed by the Krebs and diversity was analyzed by Shannon Wiener index. There were five genus of Polychaeta, such as Heteromastus, Marphysa, Laeonereis, Nereis, and Paranaitis. The highest abundance of Polychaeta was found in mixed stations (432 ± 57,37 ind/m2), and the lowest abundance was in R. mucronata (414 ± 79,93 ind/m2). The abundance of Polychaeta in the three stations did not differ significantly because it was influenced by the dominant substrate of sandy clay. The highest Polychaeta diversity was found in S. alba (0,704), followed by the mixed station (0,642), and the lowest was in R. mucronata. The value of Polychaeta diversity on the three stations differed significantly because of the comparison between the type and total number of individuals in each station that varied. The Polychaeta diversity index in the three stations is low, while the Polychaeta abundance value in each station is quite abundant. The result showed that the stability of the Polychaeta community in the mangrove ecosystem is unstable.

scholarly journals Studies on insect diversity in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477
Author(s):  
U. Pirithiraj ◽  
◽  
R.P. Soundararajan ◽  
C.G.L. Justin ◽  
V. Lakshmanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Aim: Study was carried out to record the abundance and diversity of insects in jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) ecosystem. Methodology: To determine insect pests, natural enemies and non-insect diversity, fortnight observations were taken from second fortnight of September'19 to March'20 on insect population at three adjacent locations. Abundance and diversity indices were computed using mean data. The management practices, presence of weeds and adjacent cropping systems were also recorded at three locations to determine the reasons for variation in the diversity of organisms. Results: A total of 3335 individuals arthropods belonging to 55 species, which included 32 species of herbivores and 23 species of natural enemies were recorded throughout the study period. Location 3 had perennial crops in the vicinity, un-weeded ecosystem with no chemical inputs. Among various diversity indices calculated, Margalef Richness Index of herbivores was higher at location 3 (1.67) than location 1 (1.17) and 2 (0.76). Interpretation: The abundance and diversity of insects in different jasmine ecosystem depends on the chemical inputs and adjacent cropping system.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Raghavendra ◽  
Kumar Arvind ◽  
G. K. Anushree ◽  
Tony Grace
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Butterfly Assemblages ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Butterflies are considered as bio-indicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately in large plantations of Kasaragod district, Kerala which had caused serious threats to the ecosystem. In this study, we surveyed the butterflies for their abundance and diversity in three differentially endosulfan-affected areas viz., Enmakaje—highly affected area, Periye—moderately affected area, Padanakkad—unaffected area, carried out between the end of the monsoon season and the start of the winter season, lasting approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly abundance (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), the exponential of the Shannon–Wiener index (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) and species evenness (D/S), related to species diversity were estimated, followed by the one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p < 0.001) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 22.59, p < 0.001). Results A population of three different butterfly assemblages comprised of 2300 butterflies which represented 61 species were encountered. Our results showed that Enmakaje displayed significantly lower butterfly diversity and abundance, compared to the other two communities. Conclusion So far, this is the first study concerning the effect of endosulfan on the biodiversity of butterfly in the affected areas of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. This study may present an indirect assessment of the persisting effects of endosulfan in the affected areas, suggesting its long-term effects on the ecosystem.

scholarly journals The The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHLUL IKHSAN ◽  
HIDRAYANI ◽  
YAHERWANDI ◽  
HASMIANDY HAMID
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Ikhsan Z, Hidrayani, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2020. The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1020-1026. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders and it plays a vital role in human life as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important as agents of biological control of pest. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Samplings were conducted in 3 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang and Reteh, using four trapping techniques (i.e. insect net, malaise trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap). Shannon diversity index (H '), Krebs evenness index (E), and Jaccard similarity index (Is) were calculated. We found 4,701 individuals consisting of 39 families and 319 species of Hymenoptera at the three studied areas. Tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir District had a high species diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids and Hymenoptera predators, but a moderate species diversity of Hymenoptera pollinators. Species diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoids and predators were higher in Keritang than in Batang Tuaka and Reteh. The families of Formicidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae had the highest number of species, while Formicidae, Scelionidae, Diapriidae, and Braconidae had the highest number of individuals. Based on these findings, the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insects in Indragiri Hilir District have the potentials to be developed as biological agents to control pests on tidal swamp rice in this area.

Relationship Between the Distribution and Biodiversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) With the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Foci of Golestan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774
Author(s):  
Aioub Sofizadeh ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Allah Kalteh ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is prevalent in Golestan Province, Iran. The current study determined the relationship between the distribution and biodiversity of sand flies with cutaneous leishmaniasis at 14 villages in plain and hillsides areas. In each village from July to September 2017, 60 sticky traps and 2 CDC light traps were laid. Spearman and Mann–Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of different species of sand flies. Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness, and Margalef indices were calculated to estimate the diversity of species. A total of 5,295 phlebotomine sand flies were collected, comprising 10 species of the genus Phlebotomus (3,947 flies) and 7 species of genus Sergentomyia (1,248 flies). The abundance of sand flies and incidence of ZCL in plain areas were greater than that of hillsides areas (P = 0.013, P = 0.002). There was a significant correlation between the incidence of ZCL and the abundance of Phlebotomus papatasi (r = 0.72, P = 0.004) and P. caucasicus groups (P = 0.006; 0.022). In the Shannon-Wiener index, the rest of the biodiversity indices were reduced in higher-altitude areas. Increasing Shannon-Wiener index showed higher diversity of sand flies in higher-altitude areas. Data of the reported cases of leishmaniasis in plain areas can reveal the relationship between less diversity index (Shannon-Wiener), higher dominant diversity index (Simpson), and incidence of leishmaniasis in these areas.

New Mosquito Collection Records for Southern Georgia

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Smith ◽  
Thomas G. Floore
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Southern Georgia

Twenty-nine species representing eight genera, numerous new county records and one state record, Mansonia titillans (Walker), were collected in a surveillance project conducted in 20 southern Georgia counties during the summer of 1997. A detailed report of species abundance and diversity is presented. Overall, as sampled by CO2 light traps, Culex quinquefasciatus Say was the most widely distributed species and Aedes vexans (Meigen) was the most abundant species followed closely by Aedes atlanticus Dyer and Knab.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of mollusks at three zones of mangrove in Pejarakan, Bali, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
I KETUT GINANTRA ◽  
I KETUT MUKSIN ◽  
IDA BAGUS MADE SUASKARA ◽  
MARTIN JONI
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Morisita Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Ginantra IK, Muksin IK, Suaskara IBM, Joni M. 2020. Diversity and distribution of mollusks at three zones of mangrove in Pejarakan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4636-4643. The diversity of mangrove species in mangrove zonations on the coast of Pejarakan plays an important role in the existence of faunal diversity, including those from mollusks. Mollusks are the dominant phylum associated with mangrove habitats, in addition to the species of the Crustacean subphylum. This research aimed to determine the diversity of mollusks and their distribution patterns in three mangrove zones in Pejarakan, Buleleng District, Bali Province, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted by establishing sampling plots across three mangrove zones, i.e. seaward zone, middle zone, and landward zone. There were 23 sampling plots in total with size of each plot was 1x1m. The species and number of individuals of each species of mollusks were recorded in each quadrat plot. The diversity of mollusks was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and dominance index, while the pattern of distribution of mollusks was measured using the Morisita index. The results of the study found 27 species of mollusks, consisting of 19 species from Gastropods group, 7 species from Bivalvia group and 1 species from Polyplacophora (chiton). The seaward zone showed the highest species diversity, while the landward zone had the lowest. Terebralia palustris had the highest abundance with 217 individuals/m2 and was distributed in the three mangrove zones. Planaxis sulcatus showed the highest abundance (87 ind./m2) in the seaward zone, and Telescopium telescopium showed a fairly high abundance and were distributed in the mid zone and the landward zone. In general, mollusks in the mangrove area of Pejarakan was distributed in a group/clustered pattern. The data from this research can serve as a reference in mangrove forest conservation efforts and mangrove forest used for ecotourism.

scholarly journals Leaf beetles attracted to light in a tropical dry forest of northern Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Dugesiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Sara López Pérez ◽  
◽  
Geovanni M. Rodríguez-Mirón ◽  
Magdalena Ordóñez Reséndiz ◽  
Santiago Zaragoza Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Temporal Abundance ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Determining Factor

This is the first study of the composition of leaf beetles attracted to light in Mexico. We analyze the richness, temporal abundance and similarity between four localities of tropical dry forest in Sierra de San Javier, Sonora. A total of 3217 individuals belonging to 45 morphospecies, 31 genera and 10 tribes within five subfamilies of Chrysomelidae were collected in light traps in the tropical dry forest of Sierra de San Javier, Sonora. Galerucinae was the subfamily with the greatest number of genera and species. The genera with the highest number of species were Pachybrachis Chevrolat and Alagoasa Bechyné. Eight genera were represented by two species and 21 genera by only one species. Metrioidea rugipennis (Blake) was the species with the highest number of individuals (80% of the abundance recorded). According to the taxonomic and species similarity analysis, the sites San Javier and La Barranca had the highest similarity, while the lowest values were recorded at Rancho Las Peñitas and Cañón de Lo de Campa. The low similarity between sites cannot be explained by the geographic distance since it was not a determining factor to explain the low similarity in Sierra de San Javier.

scholarly journals Loss of dominant caterpillar genera in a protected tropical forest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Salcido ◽  
Matthew L. Forister ◽  
Humberto Garcia Lopez ◽  
Lee A. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Tropical Diversity ◽  
Primary Consumers ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Weather Anomalies

ABSTRACTReports of biodiversity loss have increasingly focused on the abundance and diversity of insects, but it is still unclear if substantive insect diversity losses are occurring in intact low-latitude forests. We collected 22 years of plant-caterpillar-parasitoid data in a protected tropical forest and found reductions in diversity and density of these insects that appear to be partly driven by a changing climate and weather anomalies. The decline in parasitism represents a reduction in an important ecosystem service: enemy control of primary consumers. The consequences of these changes are in many cases irreversible and are likely to be mirrored in nearby forests; overall declines in the region will have negative consequences for surrounding agriculture. The decline of important tropical taxa and associated ecosystem function illuminates the consequences of numerous threats to global insect diversity and provides additional impetus for research on tropical diversity.

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