scholarly journals RELATION OF POSTMORTEM CHANGES DEVELOPMENT AND EXACT POSTMORTEM INTERVAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
E. Grygorian ◽  
V. Olkhovsky ◽  
M. Gubin
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Body Score ◽  
Total Body

RELATION OF POSTMORTEM CHANGES DEVELOPMENT AND EXACT POSTMORTEM INTERVAL Grygorian E., Olkhovsky V., Gubin M. Purpose: Precise postmortem interval’s evaluation is crucial in cases when violent types of death are suspected by forensic medical examiner. There are different factors that could affect results of postmortem interval (PMI) evaluation by forensic medical expert. The aim of this study was to study connections between the known postmortem time interval and the degree of particular postmortem changes’ development. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 116 forensic medical examinations of deceased persons (of female persons n = 58, of males n = 58), in cases of non-violent death, was performed. Data about time of death was obtained from police preliminary records provided to the examination - only cases with known time of death prescription were included to study. Postmortem changes were evaluated by Total Body Score (TBS) [1] at equal time interval after death (48 hours ± 3 hours). Interconnection between postmortem changes degree and PMI was estimated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Difference between sexes was evaluated using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: “Thickness of clothes” criterion reached the highest positive correlation coefficient, “ambient temperature” criterion had also a significant positive correlation. The rest of studied criteria had very weak correlation with the development of postmortem changes. Conclusions: Several criteria had significant (p < 0.05), yet week, impact on the postmortem changes’ development. The other criteria were statistically insignificant. Keywords: forensic medicine, forensic medical examination, postmortem interval, thanatology.   Резюме. ЗВ’ЯЗОК РОЗВИТКУ ПОСТМОРТАЛЬНИХ ЗМІН І ДАВНОСТІ НАСТАННЯ СМЕРТІ Григорян Е.К., Ольховський В.О., Губін М.В. Мета: Точна оцінка терміну, що пройшов з моменту настання смерті, має вирішальне значення у випадках, коли судово-медичний експерт підозрює насильницькі види смерті. Існують різні фактори, які можуть вплинути на результати оцінки давності настання смерті (ДНС) судово-медичним експертом. Метою даного дослідження було вивчення зв’язку між відомою давністю настання смерті і ступенем розвитку конкретних посмертних змін. Матеріали та методи: Було проведено аналіз 116 судово-медичних експертиз померлих осіб (жінок n = 58, чоловіків n = 58) у випадках ненасильницької смерті. У дослідження були включені тільки випадки з відомим терміном давності настання смерті, дані про час настання смерті були отримані із супровідної документації правоохоронних органів, наданої на експертизу. Посмертні зміни оцінювали за методом Total Body Score (TBS) [1] через однаковий проміжок часу після настання смерті (48 годин ± 3 години). Взаємозв’язок між ступенем посмертних змін і ДНС був оцінений з використанням рангової кореляції Спірмена. Різниця між статями була оцінена з використанням U-критерію Манна-Уїтні. Результати: Критерій «товщина одягу» мав найвищий позитивний коефіцієнт кореляції, критерій «температура навколишнього середовища» також мав значну позитивну кореляцію. Решта вивчених критеріїв мали дуже слабку кореляцію з розвитком посмертних змін. Висновки: Кілька критеріїв мали значний (р <0,05), але слабкий вплив на розвиток посмертних змін. Решта критеріїв були статистично незначущими.  Ключові слова: судова медицина, судово-медична експертиза, давність настання смерті, танатологія.   Резюме. СВЯЗЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОСТМОРТАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ И ДАВНОСТИ НАСТУПЛЕНИЯ СМЕРТИ Григорян Э.К., Ольховский В.А., Губин Н.В. Цель: Точная оценка срока, прошедшего с момента наступления смерти, имеет решающее значение в случаях, когда судебно-медицинский эксперт подозревает насильственные виды смерти. Существуют различные факторы, которые могут повлиять на результаты оценки давности наступления смерти (ДНС) судебно-медицинским экспертом. Целью данного исследования было изучение связей между известной давностью наступления смерти и степенью развития конкретных посмертных изменений. Материалы и методы: Был проведен анализ 116 судебно-медицинских экспертиз умерших лиц (женщин n = 58, мужчин n = 58) в случаях ненасильственной смерти. В исследование были включены только случаи с известным сроком давности наступления смерти, данные о времени наступления смерти были получены из сопроводительной документации правоохранительных органов, предоставленной на экспертизу. Посмертные изменения оценивали по методу Total Body Score (TBS) [1] через одинаковый промежуток времени после наступления смерти (48 часов ± 3 часа). Взаимосвязь между степенью посмертных изменений и ДНС была оценена с использованием ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Различие между полами было оценено с использованием U-критерия Манна-Уитни. Результаты: Критерий «толщина одежды» имел наивысший положительный коэффициент корреляции, критерий «температура окружающей среды» также имел значимую положительную корреляцию. Остальные изученные критерии имели очень слабую корреляцию с развитием посмертных изменений. Выводы: Несколько критериев оказали значительное (р <0,05), но слабое влияние на развитие посмертных изменений. Остальные критерии были статистически незначимыми. Ключевые слова: судебная медицина, судебно-медицинская экспертиза, давность наступления смерти, танатология.

scholarly journals FORENSIC MEDICAL ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AT DIFFERENT POSTMORTEM INTERVAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
E. Grygorian ◽  
V. Olkhovsky ◽  
M. Gubin ◽  
V. Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Purpose: The postmortem interval (PMI) evaluation is one of priorities while performing a forensic medical examination of corpse. To date, there is lack of information of morphological postmortem changes of some internal organs. Considering the persistent need to develop the method for a precise assessment of PMI, postmortem changes in these potentially informative organs were evaluated. The aim of study was to analyze morphological postmortem changes in prostate and uterus. Materials and Methods: histological samples of 40 prostate tissues and 40 uterus (n=80) from corpses of deceased aged 18-75 years. Only cases with known time of death were included to study, the time of death was taken from police reports. Exclusion criteria were cases of violent death, cases of death with massive blood loss, tumors of studied internal organs, cases when diagnosis was not made by a forensic medical examiner. The PMI of studied cases ranged from 1 to 6 days. Histological slides were made with a staining by hematoxylin and eosin, x200 magnification, using Olympus ВХ41 and Olympus ВХ46 microscopes, Olympus SC50 camera. Postmortem morphological changes were evaluated by a calculation of blank spaces percentage in microscopical structures using a JS-based program. Connection between PMI and morphological changes was calculated by the Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: the average percentage of blank spaces in uterus tissues was smaller than in prostate tissues (1,99 and 9,65 relatively). The slower growing of blank spaces was in uterus. In prostate samples, a notable increase of blank spaces was observed between 48 and 72 hours after the death. After this period, the increase slowed down and then an increase was observed again between 120 and 144 hours after the death. In uterus samples, a slight acceleration observed between 72 and 120 hours after the death and then slowing down between 120 and 144 hours after the death. Blank spaces in evaluated histological slides were increasing directly proportional to the PMI, a statistically significant interconnection was defined (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The morphological postmortem changes in prostate and uterus were developing at certain time frames. Blank spaces percentage, in studied histological slides, were increasing directly proportional to the PMI increase, a statistically significant interconnection was defined. Therefore, the results of study show the possibility of the evaluation of a postmortem time interval by assessing such morphological changes in these organs, which could be used in forensic medical cases.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF D-DIMER SERUM LEVELS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aditi Jaiswal ◽  
Kiran Godse
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
D Dimer

Aims: To evaluate D-Dimer serum levels in patients with chronic urticaria and its correlation with disease activity. Settings and Design: Single centre Cross sectional prospective observational age & sex matched case-control study at Dermatology OPD of a tertiary referral centre. Methods and Material: This study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019. We in-cluded 33 patients with CU and 30 controls . They were recruited from urticaria clinic. All cases were subjected to history taking, general and dermatological examination. The serum levels of D-Dimer were measured by Semiquantitative, immunofiltration kits. Statistical analysis: Data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ver-sion 21.0. Tests used were Independent t test/Mann-Whitney Test, Chi-Square test/Fisher’s Exact test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test.. Results: Patients with active CU had elevated D-Dimer serum levels (p<0.0001) when com-pared with the control group (papulo-squamous disorder). Of 33 CSU patients, D-dimer level was elevated in 19 patients (57.58%). There was statistically significant positive correlation between disease severity (UAS7) and plasma D-dimer level (p <.0001, r =0.935). Conclusions: This study showed elevated D-dimer levels in more than half of Indian patients with CSU. There was a positive correlation between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of disease activity. Investigation for plasma D-dimer level may be an alternative objective way to evaluate disease severity in patients with CSU. Limitations: Low sample size . Semi quantitative method was used instead of ELISA for D-Dimer.

scholarly journals A STUDY TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS COVID-19 AMONG FRONTLINE WORKERS OF A NORTH INDIAN DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Chintu Chaudhary ◽  
Mohd Najmul Aqib Khan ◽  
Sania Parveen ◽  
Uma Sharma ◽  
Veena Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ABSTRACTFrontline workers have been fighting hard since the novel coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, was declared a global pandemic by the WHO on March 12th, 2020.  This study assessed the level of knowledge of frontline workers, attitudes of frontline workers, and how well the frontline workers of the area adapted to the ongoing epidemic. This study used a cross-sectional research design conducted among 440 frontline workers Palwal district in Haryana. Information regarding knowledge, attitude, practice, and socio-demographic characteristics was obtained using semi-coded and pretested questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s rank correlation test, and multivariate linear regression were used. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The mean of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 79.67 (SD = 1.81), 27.4 (SD = 0.98), and 22.47 (SD = 1.4), respectively. 94.8% of frontline workers had excellent knowledge, 68.6% had excellent attitude, and 57.7% had reasonable practice with significant positive correlation between the three. Knowledge score varied significantly with occupation (p = 0.003). Regression analysis showed that attitude score varied significantly with age, gender, and occupation (p<0.05). Practice score varied significantly with age (p<0.05). The majority of the HCWs had had excellent knowledge and attitude, but moderate practice towards COVID-19 with a significant positive correlation between them. Knowledge appeared to be significantly associated with profession; attitude with age, gender, occupation, source of information; and practice with age alone. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were using less authentic sources for information, which is an important aspect that needs immediate correction as ultimately it affects knowledge and can be reflected in attitude and practice. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, attitude, practice, frontline workers 

scholarly journals Feasibility of Total Body Score (TBS) and Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) in the Estimation of Postmortem Interval for Forensic Murder Casework

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Young Sam Kim ◽  
Jong Hee Kim ◽  
Kwang Sang Yoon ◽  
Bong Soo Kweon ◽  
Young Sik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Total Body Score ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Accumulated Degree Days

Normal Reference Values of Fetal Atrioventricular (AV) and Ventriculoatrial (VA) Time Intervals and VA:AV Ratio Assessed by Pulse Wave Doppler

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-786
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Reference

Objective: To identify the normal reference ranges of the atrioventricular (AV) time interval, ventriculoatrial (VA) time interval, and VA:AV ratio in fetuses between 18 and 37 weeks of gestational age (GA) and to establish the relationship between AV and VA time intervals and VA:AV ratio with GA and fetal heart rate (FHR). Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Rajavithi Hospital between December 2019 and June 2020. AV and VA time intervals and VA:AV ratio were obtained by pulse wave Doppler over inflow and outflow tract of left ventricle. The correlation of the measurement values with GA and FHR were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Three hundred seventy pregnant women were enrolled in the present study with 343 participants included in the analysis. The average values of AV and VA time intervals and VA:AV ratio, along with their 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were calculated from the measurement values. A correlation between each measurement value and GA was demonstrated to be linear [AV time intervals = 91.74+1×GA(weeks) (R²=0.516, p<0.001); VA time intervals = 2.58E2+1.39×GA(weeks) (R²=0.151, p<0.001); and VA:AV ratio = 2.74–8.99E–3×GA(weeks) (R²=0.063, p<0.001)]. A correlation between each measurement value and FHR was also linear [AV time intervals = 1.79E2–0.41×FHR (R²=0.181, p<0.001); VA time intervals = 6.21E2–2.23×FHR (R²=0.811, p<0.001); and VA:AV ratio = 3.9–9.64E-3×FHR (R²=0.150, p<0.001)]. Conclusion: Both AV and VA time intervals are positively correlated with GA but VA:AV ratio is negatively correlated with GA. All measurement values have negative correlation with FHR. The normal reference values of AV, VA time intervals, and VA:AV ratio from the present study may be useful for diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia. Keywords: normal reference value, atrioventricular time intervals, ventriculoatrial time intervals, VA:AV ratio

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO DETERMINING POST-MORTEM INTERVAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Olkhovsky ◽  
E. Grygorian ◽  
M. Myroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Postmortem Changes ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Laser Polarimetry ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Medical Examiners

The main approaches and problems that arise when evaluating postmortem interval are defined, ways to avoid such problems are suggested. According to the results of scientific papers analysis on that topic, it was established that in the context of post-mortem changes studies such changes developed differently during a specific period of time passed from the time of death, they also appeared in a variety of forms as a result of environmental factors influence. The factors having a significant impact on postmortem changes were specified. A review of modern methods for determining post-mortem interval was conducted and methods for further improvement of the assessment of postmortem interval were proposed. The use of methods for assessing the PMI by means of the cadaveric phenomena does not always provide for investigating authorities necessary information due to the relatively large time interval in methods based on such changes. Researchers also note the presence of certain shortcomings in the use of existing methods. Current research using laser polarimetry methods have made it possible to establish post-mortem interval with relatively high accuracy. However, high prices and limited availability of equipment used in laser polarimetry methods preclude from using them in everyday practice of forensic medical examiners. When conducting studies on histological and biochemical changes in tissues of internal organs, certain morphological (decrease in optical density) and biochemical (changes in the levels of biochemical markers) changes in the early post-mortal period were identified, which will enable the development of specific tables where such changes would be linked to a specific post-mortem time period during certain short periods of time. Although changes in the conducted research were recognized only in the early post-mortem period and only in muscle tissue, further research on other tissues that are more resistant to post-mortem changes are likely to provide results that would be less affected by ambient temperature, exposure of a corpse to the sun rays, amount of clothing on a corpse, etc.) and also would be more accurate than most existing methods.

Adolescent characteristics and parenting style as the determinant factors of bullying in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Krisnana ◽  
Praba Diyan Rachmawati ◽  
Yuni Sufyanti Arief ◽  
Iqlima Dwi Kurnia ◽  
Aria Aulia Nastiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Parental Interactions

Abstract Background The incidence of adolescents bullying in Indonesia has increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation of demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style as the potential determinants of bullying behavior in adolescents. Method The research design used was cross-sectional. The study population consisted of adolescents in Indonesia who accessed the Google form, and adolescents who study at a junior high school and a vocational high school in Surabaya. The study sample totaled 705 adolescents based on consecutive sampling with a study period of 3 months. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style, while the dependent variable was bullying behavior. The data collection method used was a questionnaire filled in by the adolescents through a Google form and a questionnaire sheet. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test for the adolescent’s characteristics and Spearman’s rank correlation with α = 0.05. Results The results showed that the characteristics of the adolescents, namely age and place of residence, were related to bullying behavior. A permissive and authoritarian parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying perpetrator, while only permissive parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying victim. Conclusion Adolescents experience bullying behavior as both the perpetrators and victims. Adolescents living in rural areas are more likely to commit bullying as the perpetrators. A parenting style that is either too rigid or too free has a high risk of being a bullying behavior factor as the perpetrator. Parents are expected to apply an authoritative parenting style in order to prevent the risk of bullying in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between personality traits and self-care behaviors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing outpatient chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Takei ◽  
Harue Arao ◽  
Sena Yamamoto ◽  
Keiko Tazumi ◽  
Masao Mizuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Outpatient Chemotherapy ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Purpose Practicing self-care behaviors is important for patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. Knowledge of personality traits may be useful in providing individualized support that can improve self-care behaviors. Therefore, we assessed the association between personality traits and self-care behaviors in these patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients who received intravenous chemotherapy at a designated regional cancer hospital between June 2020 and October 2020. A self-administered survey was conducted among these patients using the Japanese version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory and a 29-item questionnaire to assess self-care behaviors. Association between the scores of the personality traits and frequency of each self-care behavior was analyzed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results In total, 53 responses were obtained from 57 participants, of which 52 valid responses were included in the analysis. Openness and conscientiousness were personality traits significantly associated with multiple self-care behaviors. High degree of openness, characterized by the ability to tackle new situations, had a moderately significant positive correlation with adjustment of exercise (ρ = 0.49, p<0.01) and activities for a change of mood (ρ = 0.40, p<0.01). High degree of conscientiousness, characterized by the ability to take a health action, had a significant positive correlation with acquisition of information on disease and treatment (ρ = 0.30, p=0.03) and confirmation of inspection results (ρ = 0.39, p<0.01). Conclusion Openness and conscientiousness are associated with self-care behaviors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing outpatient chemotherapy and may be useful in explaining and predicting individual self-care behaviors.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA PERAWAT DENGAN KELENGKAPAN PENGISIAN DOKUMENTASI ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Etlida Wati ◽  
Ulva Arini
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Hospital Room ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Nurse Workload

<p>Documentation is an activity of recording, reporting or recording an event and activities carried out in the form of providing services that are considered important and valuable. One factor that can influence documentation is the nurse's workload. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nurses' workload and the application of documentation in the Hj. Anna Lasmanah Banjarnegara. This  research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach descriptive correlation design. Samples were taken with a total sampling of 65 nurses. Instruments to measure documentation using observation sheets. While the nurse workload instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique uses Spearman Rank correlation. Based on the research results of the workload of a nurse in the hospital room , most of them are in the weight category, as many as 46 respondents (70.8%). Application of nursing care documentation in the hospital room Hj. Anna Lasmanah Banjarnegara, most of them are respondents in the incomplete category as many as 63 respondents (96.9%). There is a significant relationship between nurse workload with the application of documentation, this is evidenced by the results of the Spearman Rank correlation bivariate analysis, which is r = 0.688 with p = 0.000 &lt;0.05. It is hoped that management will motivate nurses to complete the documentation of nursing care</p>

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