BEHAVIOUR ASSESSMENT OF TRIDIMENSIONAL MULTILAYER FIBROUS STRUCTURES AS RESPIRATORY PROTECTION SUBSTRATES

Despite the growing appearance of new solutions for social masks, there are still few aimed for the use by professionals in frequent contact with the public, since depending on the of the functions they perform, still have special needs regarding thermophysiological comfort, high protection level and reusability, such as firefighters and police officers. Aiming at the development of a multilayer filtration system combining threedimensional and planar fibrous structures, the present study intends to verify the feasibility of applying warpknit spacers as diffuser filters for nano and micro particles. Therefore, three different spacer structures performance was studied, and then combined with planar knit structures to enhance the comfort characteristics and its bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). The diffusion filtration performance of the samples, due to the particle size, it was found a direct relation between the outer layer density and porosity with its filtration capacity of microparticles. Moreover, the increase in the spacer thickness revealed more problems diffusing water vapor molecules. To achieve the standard requirements, the samples Techno_1 and 2 were developed and tested. The addition of a new fibrous structure increased substantially the filtration efficiency without damaging the comfort characteristics of the Spacers. Considering the BFE standard tests for facemask certification, despite it was possible to achieve filtration rates above 70% for the samples Techno_1 and 2. In addition, its washability and performance durability were tested and stated as viable to be applied as a social facemask with level III of protection for at least 25 washing cycles, despite having noticed a decrease in the filtration efficiency, in both samples, in the order of 10%, due to the unbalance of mechanical properties of the fibrous structures in the multilayer systems.

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The Ultra Fit Community Mask - Toward Maximal Respiratory Protection via Personalized Face Fit

10.1101/2021.07.01.21259428 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chulho Hyun ◽

Mark Martin Jensen ◽

Kisuk Yang ◽

James C Weaver ◽

Xiaohong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Common Type ◽

Public Access ◽

Respiratory Protection ◽

The Public ◽

Automated Production ◽

Design Changes ◽

And Performance ◽

N95 Respirators ◽

Respiratory Droplets

Effective masking policies to prevent the spread of airborne infections depend on public access to masks with high filtration efficacy. However, poor face-fit is almost universally present in pleated multilayer disposable face masks, severely limiting both individual and community respiratory protection. We developed a set of simple mask modifications to mass-manufactured disposable masks, the most common type of mask used by the public, that dramatically improves both their personalized fit and performance in a low-cost and scalable manner. These modifications comprise a user-moldable full mask periphery wire, integrated earloop tension adjusters, and an inner flange to trap respiratory droplets. We demonstrate that these simple design changes improves quantitative fit factor by 320%, triples the level of protection against aerosolized droplets, and approaches the model efficacy of N95 respirators in preventing the community spread of COVID-19, for an estimated additional cost of less than 5 cents per mask with automated production.

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Effectiveness of Different Cellulose-Based Filtration Materials against Inhalation of SARS-CoV-2-Like Particles

Nanomanufacturing ◽

10.3390/nanomanufacturing1020006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Alyne R. de Araújo ◽

Lívio C. C. Nunes ◽

Karla C. B. F. Oliveira ◽

Maria G. F. M. Carvalho ◽

Juliana C. Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Filter Material ◽

Face Mask ◽

Filtration Efficiency ◽

Testing Time ◽

Respiratory Protection ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Public ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Retention Testing

The respiratory protection equipment (RPE) used by health professionals consists of an essential device to prevent infectious diseases, especially those caused by biological agents such as the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The current epidemiological panorama is worrying, and the context of creation and production of the mask has emerged as an alternative to RPE to face the public health crisis worldwide. The aim of this work is to present a low-cost alternative as an FFP2-like filter for a reusable respirator face mask. This study presents the comparison of different cellulose-based filtering materials performed by retention testing, time saturation testing, aerosol penetration testing, nanoparticle (~140 nm) filtration testing, bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), analysis of material morphology and usability. The reusable respirator face mask used in this study is an open-source innovation, using 3D printing. Cotton disc proved to be the best filter material for the reusable mask, with satisfactory results and a performance similar to that shown by the N95-type mask. The cotton disc ensured effectiveness over 6 h of use, and after that, the reusable respirator face mask (here, Delfi-TRON®) needed to be sanitized and replenished with a new cotton disc. Upon preliminary analyses of filtration efficiency, the selected filter was shown to be a low-cost biodegradable and biocompatible alternative.

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The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide

10.1093/oso/9780190697211.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua M. Sharfstein

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Police Officers ◽

Health Agency ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Strong Response ◽

Popular Imagination ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Public ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Critical Skills

Firefighters fight fires. Police officers race to crime scenes, sirens blaring. And health officials? Health officials respond to crises. There are infectious disease crises, budget crises, environmental health crises, human resources crises—and many more. At such critical moments, what happens next really matters. A strong response can generate greater credibility and authority for a health agency and its leadership, while a bungled response can lead to humiliation and even resignation. Health officials must be able to manage and communicate effectively as emotions run high, communities become engaged, politicians lean in, and journalists circle. In popular imagination, leaders intuitively rise to the challenge of a crisis: Either they have what it takes or they do not. In fact, preparation is invaluable, and critical skills can be learned and practiced. Students and health officials alike can prepare not only to avoid catastrophe during crises, but to take advantage of new opportunities for health improvement. The Public Health Crisis Survival Guide provides historical perspective, managerial insight, and strategic guidance to help health officials at all levels not just survive but thrive in the most challenging of times.

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Using Aerial and Vehicular NFV Infrastructures to Agilely Create Vertical Services

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1342

Author(s):

Borja Nogales ◽

Miguel Silva ◽

Ivan Vidal ◽

Miguel Luís ◽

Francisco Valera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Network ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Network Services ◽

Network Function Virtualization ◽

Mobile Environments ◽

Network Resources ◽

The Public ◽

Network Function ◽

And Performance

5G communications have become an enabler for the creation of new and more complex networking scenarios, bringing together different vertical ecosystems. Such behavior has been fostered by the network function virtualization (NFV) concept, where the orchestration and virtualization capabilities allow the possibility of dynamically supplying network resources according to its needs. Nevertheless, the integration and performance of heterogeneous network environments, each one supported by a different provider, and with specific characteristics and requirements, in a single NFV framework is not straightforward. In this work we propose an NFV-based framework capable of supporting the flexible, cost-effective deployment of vertical services, through the integration of two distinguished mobile environments and their networks: small sized unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAVs), supporting a flying ad hoc network (FANET) and vehicles, promoting a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). In this context, a use case involving the public safety vertical will be used as an illustrative example to showcase the potential of this framework. This work also includes the technical implementation details of the framework proposed, allowing to analyse and discuss the delays on the network services deployment process. The results show that the deployment times can be significantly reduced through a distributed VNF configuration function based on the publish–subscribe model.

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The Enhancement of Pre-Storage Filtration Efficiency for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Malaysia

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815202015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 02015

Author(s):

Yoong Sion Ong ◽

Ken Sim Ong ◽

Y.k. Tan ◽

Azadeh Ghadimi

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Filtration Efficiency ◽

High Flow ◽

High Flow Rate ◽

Water Tank ◽

Filtration System ◽

Filter Screen ◽

Water Piping

A conventional design of rainwater harvesting system collects and directs the rainwater through water piping from roof of building to the water storage. The filtration system which locates before the water tank storage and first flush bypass system is the main focus of the research. A filtration system consists of a control volume of filter compartment, filter screen (stainless steel mesh) and water piping that direct the water flow. The filtration efficiency of an existing filter “3P Volume Filter VF1” by industrial company is enhanced. A full scale filter design prototype with filter screen of 1000 μm stainless steel metal mesh is tested to compare with the original filter system design. Three types of water inlet setups are tested. Among the proposed water inlet setups, the 90° inlet setup with extension provides the best filtration rate per unit time, following by the 45° inlet setup. The 45° and 90° inlet setup has similar filtration efficiency at low to medium flow rate while 45° inlet setup has better efficiency at high flow rate. The filtration efficiency with the 90° inlet setup with extension is observed to maintain at highest value at medium to high flow rate. The overall filtration performance achieved by the 90° inlet setup with extension at low to high flow rate is between 34.1 to 35.7%.

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Do Body-Worn Cameras Change Law Enforcement Arrest Behavior? A National Study of Local Police Departments

The American Review of Public Administration ◽

10.1177/0275074020982688 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 027507402098268

Author(s):

Sunyoung Pyo

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

National Study ◽

Behavior Changes ◽

Police Departments ◽

The Public ◽

Black And White ◽

High Profile ◽

Local Police ◽

Disparate Treatment ◽

High Crime

Controlling police officers’ discretionary behavior during public encounters has been an important issue in U.S. policing, especially following several high-profile police-involved deaths of racial minorities. In response, body-worn cameras (BWCs) were introduced to enhance police accountability by providing police managers an opportunity to monitor police–public encounters. Although many U.S. local police departments have now implemented BWC programs, evidence of program effects on daily police behavior has been limited. This study therefore focuses on whether officers’ arrest behavior changes when they perceive that BWCs are recording their interactions with the public. By conducting a difference-in-differences analysis using 142 police departments, I found that BWCs have negative and small treatment effects on arrest rates and null effects on the racial disparity between numbers of Black and White arrests. These findings imply that officers may become slightly more cautious in the use of arrests after wearing BWCs, but BWCs do not change their overall disparate treatment of Black versus White suspects. The results further indicate that the effects of BWCs on arrests are prominent in municipalities with high crime rates or a high proportion of non-White residents, which suggests that BWC programs demonstrate different effects according to the characteristics of communities served.

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Development and Performance Evaluation of a Filtration System for Washing Machines to Reduce Microfiber Release in Wastewater

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-021-05342-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 232 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Francesca De Falco ◽

Emilia Di Pace ◽

Maurizio Avella ◽

Gennaro Gentile ◽

Maria Emanuela Errico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Washing Machines ◽

Filtration System ◽

And Performance

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Quality Management Practices and Performance of Public Secondary School Heads in Pangasinan, Philippines

International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research ◽

10.11594/ijmaber.01.01.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

Jeger P. Paragas

Keyword(s):

Quality Management ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary Schools ◽

Management Practices ◽

Department Of Education ◽

The Public ◽

Quality Management Practices ◽

Public Secondary School ◽

And Performance ◽

School Heads

This is a descriptive study which determined and analyzed the quality management practices of public secondary school heads. The study included the school heads and teachers in all Schools Division in Pangasinan. The identified quality management practicesare based on the parameters of APPES Manual. Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient was utilized to identify the significant relationship in the quality management practices of public secondary school heads to the performance of their respective schools. The researcher used questionnaire, interview and google form to gather the needed data. Same set of questionnaire was utilized for the teachers and school heads as respondents of this study. Findings of the study revealed that stakeholders were truly a great agent in improving the public secondary schools. Therefore, school heads must be eager to do this to have a strong partnership and participation of the stakeholders in the school. They contribute a lot for the direction leading to greater learning outcomes. Also, it was found out that weak correlation was hardly related to the quality management practices of the school heads with regard to the performance of their respective schools. Further, a proposed plan of action with regard to the indicators that were found out moderate would be presented to public secondary schools for them to better identify the risk and opportunities so to attain and maintain quality management practices of school heads and school perfomance in the Department of Education.

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ANALYSIS AGAINST ARREST SUSPECT IN POLICE REGULATION NO. 14 YEAR 2012 ON THE CRIME INVESTIGATION MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY IN NORTH BOGOR POLICE)

DE RECHTSSTAAT ◽

10.30997/jhd.v1i2.414 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 76-92

Author(s):

Dadang Suprijatna ◽

Indralis Wardana ◽

Fahrul Siregar

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Criminal Offense ◽

Arrest Warrant ◽

The Public ◽

The North ◽

The Republic ◽

Search For Information ◽

Management Case Study

ABSTRACTThe method used in this thesis is a normative juridical research that is the approach that uses the concept of positive legality which states that the law is identical with the norms made written and enacted by institutions or authorities. In addition this concept also saw law as a normative system that is autonomous, closed and detached from public life. For the purposes of the investigation, investigators at the behest of investigators authorized to make arrests also for the sake of the investigation, the investigator and the investigator maid authorities make arrests. Arrest order made against a person who alleged a criminal offense based on sufficient preliminary evidence. Execution of tasks arrests were made by police officers of the Republic of Indonesia by taking into account the Letter of Assignment and gives an arrest warrant that lists the suspect's identity and mentions the reason for arrest and brief descriptions of crimes that presupposed and place in check, in which case caught arrests made without warrants, provided that the catcher should be immediately handed caught and existing evidence to the investigator or the investigator's closest aides, ransom arrest warrant should be given to the family immediately after the arrest is done, can be done for a maximum of one day. The conclusion of this study are 1) The arrest of the perpetrators of the process by members of the police force North Bogor Police first is the start of the search for information, arrest / raids, searches of perpetrators, confiscation of evidence to facilitate the examination of the offender. 2) Barriers experienced by members of the North Bogor Police in the execution of the arrest of a criminal offense (a) Lack of cooperation between the police (investigators) to the public; (b) Perpetrators of the crime of removing traces of the crime; (c) Limited facilities and prasarana.yang owned by North Bogor Police; (d) .Terbatasnya human resources (police) to uncover a crime. 3) Efforts by the North Bogor Police to overcome the obstacles in the process of the arrest of perpetrators of criminal acts as follows: (a) Fix yourself to socialize paradigm shift to community policing. (b) Provide an opportunity for the whole society to provide input to the North Bogor Police. (c) Guidance personnel are able to provide persuasive measures. (d) Propose to the City Police Bogor on procurement operational support facilities.

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Work Ethics, Values, Attitudes and Performance In The Nigerian Public Service: Issues, Challenges and The Way Forward

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7367 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Bernard Oladosu Omisore ◽

Oyende Adeleke A.

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Unethical Conduct ◽

Work Ethics ◽

The Public ◽

Service Oriented ◽

Training Motivation ◽

The Government ◽

And Performance

Performance of the Nigerian public service has been a major concern to policy makers and researchers alike. This is because despite all measures put in place to arrest the ugly trend, it seems, it has defied all approaches towards tackling the problem of inefficiency and capacity collapse. Work ethics, attitudes and values can be influenced by the organization, through interventions like training, motivation and coaching, etc. However, they cannot be changed forcibly because they are intrinsic. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance that public functionaries act justly and fairly to all, not only paying lip service to ethical conduct but also ensuring that these are manifestly and undoubtedly seen to be done. This paper discusses the challenges of work ethics, values, attitudes and performance in the Nigerian public service. The major causes of unethical conduct in the public service were identified and the institutional mechanisms established by the government to curb these unethical behaviours were examined. This paper adopted content analysis as a method of data gathering and analysis. It suggested viable options for effective and efficient service-oriented public service.

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