scholarly journals Chemical diversity of five coastal Roccella species from mainland France, the Scattered Islands, and São Tomé and Príncipe

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Solenn Ferron ◽  
Olivier Berry ◽  
Damien Olivier-Jimenez ◽  
Isabelle Rouaud ◽  
Joël Boustie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Ecological Gradient ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Roccella species constitute interesting models to address questions regarding lichen metabolite diversity across taxonomic, ecological and geographic gradients. Indeed, owing to their wide distribution, their taxonomic diversity and the narrow ecological niche they occupy, Roccella species are good candidates to study the drivers of lichen chemistry. This study focuses on the chemical profiling of five species: R. applanata, R. belangeriana, R. fuciformis, R. montagnei and R. phycopsis. These five species were sampled in a rather narrow longitudinal range (1°51′W to 47°17′E) covering the Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Ocean areas along an extended latitudinal range (48°49′N to 22°23′S). High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis followed by mass spectrometry of 31 Roccella thalli revealed a number of interesting patterns through a multivariate (PCA) analysis, including the first detailed chemical profiles for two species from the Scattered Islands: R. applanata and R. belangeriana. Metabolite segregation amongst all studied Roccella species, including R. montagnei and R. belangeriana, gave some insight into the taxonomy of the latter two species, which we interpret as separate species. An additional analysis focusing on R. montagnei samples revealed chemical differences along both a latitudinal and ecological gradient (from Europa Island to São Tomé and Príncipe). Three mass spectra databases were built to dereplicate the ions, which gave an overview of the factors that could drive quantitative and qualitative metabolite composition in lichens. Additionally, several new Roccella species records are reported for the Scattered Islands, as well as São Tomé and Príncipe.

scholarly journals Advanced Chemophenetic Analysis of Essential Oil from Leaves of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth (Piperaceae) Using a New Reduction-Oxidation Index to Explore Seasonal and Circadian Rhythms

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2116
Author(s):  
Ygor Jessé Ramos ◽  
Claudete da Costa-Oliveira ◽  
Irene Candido-Fonseca ◽  
George Azevedo de Queiroz ◽  
Elsie Franklin Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Terpene Biosynthesis ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Compound C ◽  
A Value ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Piper Gaudichaudianum

The aromatic species Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth (Piperaceae) is widely used in Brazil for medicinal and ritualistic applications. In the current study, chemophenetic patterns were realized across season and circadian rhythm based on the chemical profile of essential oils (EOs) from leaves. Hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID, and a new calculation of metabolite oxidation level, averaged for each individual molecule component of the EO, was used to explore the patterns of metabolism/biosynthesis. This new index used an intermediate calculation, the ‘weighted average redox standard’ (SRO), to enable a value for mixtures of metabolites to be generated, the ‘general mixture redox index’ (GMOR). The indices were subjected to a proof-of-concept approach by making comparison to outcomes from multivariate analyses, i.e., PCA and HCA. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the essential oils were dominated by sesquiterpenes, constructed of 15 classes of compound (C-skeletons), and 4 C-skeletons were recognized in the monoterpene group, giving a total of 19. The variation of chemical profiles was distinct at different phenological stages, but stronger chemical variation was evident between day and night as compared to season. Furthermore, due to comprehensive sampling across different regions, nine chemotypes were recognized, including those previously reported. The SRO and GMRO indices demonstrate that phenological variation of chemistry is mainly an outcome of redox fluctuations in terpene biosynthesis, changing from day to night. These indices also corroborate that chemical diversity is increased with oxidative metabolism. Lastly, the current study demonstrates pronounced phenotypic plasticity in P. gaudichaudianum, which makes it a suitable candidate to help further our understanding of chemophenetics and chemical ecology.

Coastal Fishes of São Tomé and Príncipe islands, Gulf of Guinea (Eastern Atlantic Ocean)—an update

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER WIRTZ ◽  
CARLOS EDUARDO L. FERREIRA ◽  
SERGIO R. FLOETER ◽  
RONALD FRICKE ◽  
JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean

Here we report 59 new records of shore fishes for São Tomé and Príncipe islands (Gulf of Guinea), Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Ten of these are new species still to be described, including a new genus of a gobiid fish that lives in association with an axiid shrimp. A large proportion of the shore fishes of São Tomé and Principe occur on both sides of the Atlantic and many have their sister-species in the western Atlantic. To a lesser degree, there are also affinities to the western Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Further Nomenclature and Chemical Notes on Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galloway ◽  
P. W. James ◽  
A. L. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

AbstractNomenclatural notes on the following taxa are provided: Pseudocyphellaria billardierii, P. carpoloma, P. faveolata, P. rufovirescens and P. subvariabilis. Detailed chemical profiles are given for all described species of Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand. Pseudocyphellaria ardesiaca, P. degelii, P. durietzii, P. fimbriata, P. fimbriatoides, P. gretae, P. knightii, P. maculata and P. sericeofulva spp. nov. are described for the first time.

scholarly journals Ant and mite diversity drives toxin variation in the Little Devil poison frog

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna R McGugan ◽  
Gary D Byrd ◽  
Alexandre B Roland ◽  
Stephanie N Caty ◽  
Nisha Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Frog Skin ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Poison Frog ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Poison frogs sequester chemical defenses from arthropod prey, although the details of how arthropod diversity contributes to variation in poison frog toxins remains unclear. We characterized skin alkaloid profiles in the Little Devil frog, Oophaga sylvatica (Dendrobatidae), across three populations in northwestern Ecuador. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, we identified histrionicotoxins, 3,5- and 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines, decahydroquinolines, and lehmizidines as the primary alkaloid toxins in these O. sylvatica populations. Frog skin alkaloid composition varied along a latitudinal gradient across populations in a principal component analysis. We also characterized diversity in arthropods isolated from frog stomach contents and confirmed O. sylvatica specialize on ants and mites. To test the hypothesis that poison frog toxin diversity reflects species and chemical diversity in arthropod prey, we (1) used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to chemically profile consumed ants and mites, and (2) used sequencing of cytochrome oxidase 1 to identify individual prey specimens. We show that chemical profiles of consumed ants and mites cluster by frog population, suggesting different frog populations have access to chemically distinct prey. We identified 45 ants and 9 mites isolated from frog stomachs, finding several undescribed species. Finally, by comparing chemical profiles of frog skin and isolated prey items, we were able to trace the arthropod source of four poison frog alkaloids, including 3,5- and 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines and a lehmizidine alkaloid. Together, our data shows the diversity of alkaloid toxins found in O. sylvatica can be traced to chemical diversity in arthropod prey.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Licaria, Nectrandra and Ocotea Species (Lauraceae) with Occurrence in Brazilian Biomes

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Júlia Karla A. M. Xavier ◽  
Nayara Sabrina F. Alves ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Lauraceae species are known as excellent essential oil (EO) producers, and their taxa are distributed throughout the territory of Brazil. This study presents a systematic review of chemical composition, seasonal studies, occurrence of chemical profiles, and biological activities to EOs of species of Licaria, Nectandra, and Ocotea genera collected in different Brazilian biomes. Based on our survey, 39 species were studied, with a total of 86 oils extracted from seeds, leaves, stem barks, and twigs. The most representative geographic area in specimens was the Atlantic Forest (14 spp., 30 samples) followed by the Amazon (13 spp., 30 samples), Cerrado (6 spp., 14 samples), Pampa (4 spp., 10 samples), and Caatinga (2 spp., 2 samples) forests. The majority of compound classes identified in the oils were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. Among them, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene oxide, α-bisabolol, and bicyclogermacrenal were the main constituents. Additionally, large amounts of phenylpropanoids and monoterpenes such as safrole, 6-methoxyelemicin, apiole, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor were reported. Nectandra megatopomica showed considerable variation with the occurrence of fourteen chemical profiles according to seasonality and collection site. Several biological activities have been attributed to these oils, especially cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal potential, among other pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprint Analysis for Discovering Markers and Identifying Saussurea involucrata by HPLC Coupled with OPLS-DA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qingdong Ma ◽  
Xiaoxiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Dahong Yao ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprint ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Dehydrocostus Lactone

The quality control of Saussurea involucrata has been greatly improved by macroscopic and microscopic identification and chemical profiling described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 2005. However, these methods have their own limitations, e.g., their dependence on personal experience and expertise, and it is a huge challenge to identify closely related species that share similar or identical morphological characteristics and chemical profiles. A novel and generally accepted identification strategy is urgently needed as a complement to regulations for protecting the public health interests. In this work, a comprehensive chromatographic fingerprint method was developed and tested on 43 samples from four haplotypes of S. involucrata according to DNA barcoding. Three common patterns consisting of 20, 14, and 7 common peaks were generated by frequency filters of median, upper quartile, and 100%, respectively. Based on two formerly screened patterns, S. involucrata can be effectively identified from its five easily confused snow lotus species, including the most closely related plant (S. orgaadayi) in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models. The model is supported by good R and Q coefficients. In addition, different haplotypes of S. involucrata can be discriminated in the OPLS-DA model using the 20 common peaks. Among them, peaks 9, 11, 16 (zaluzanin C), and 18 (dehydrocostus lactone) have been identified as fingerprint markers of S. involucrata via S-plots and VIP values (>1). Additionally, peaks 19 and 20 were identified as linolenic acid and linoleic acid with anti-inflammatory activity, and they were isolated from the herb for the first time. Collectively, the chromatographic fingerprint of S. involucrata can be an effective and integrated method for the identification of authentic herbs from adulterant species or related plants, and discrimination of its different haplotypes provides an objective and reliable tool for quality control.

scholarly journals Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., a biseriate black Aspergillus species with world-wide distribution

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Varga ◽  
Sándor Kocsubé ◽  
Beáta Tóth ◽  
Jens C. Frisvad ◽  
Giancarlo Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aspergillus Tubingensis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis

A novel species, Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov., is described within Aspergillus section Nigri. This species can be distinguished from other black aspergilli based on intergenic transcribed region, β-tubulin and calmodulin gene sequences, by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis and by extrolite profiles. A. brasiliensis isolates produced naphtho-γ-pyrones, tensidol A and B and pyrophen in common with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis, but also several unique compounds, justifying their treatment as representing a separate species. None of the isolates were found to produce ochratoxin A, kotanins, funalenone or pyranonigrins. The novel species was most closely related to A. niger, and was isolated from soil from Brazil, Australia, USA and The Netherlands, and from grape berries from Portugal. The type strain of Aspergillus brasiliensis sp. nov. is CBS 101740T (=IMI 381727T=IBT 21946T).

Biogeographic and latitudinal patterns of demersal fishes in the Mexican Pacific

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivis S. Palacios-Salgado ◽  
V.H. Cruz-Escalona ◽  
M.J. Zetina-Rejón ◽  
F. Arreguín-Sánchez ◽  
J.T. Nieto-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Gulf Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns

Latitudinal patterns of composition, biogeographic affinity and indicators of taxonomic diversity are described for the by-catch fish community in five typical shrimping areas in the Mexican Pacific (Upper Gulf of California, Sinaloa-Nayarit, Jalisco-Colima, Michoacán-Guerrero and Gulf of Tehuantepec). The taxonomic composition included two classes, 20 orders, 65 families, 147 genera and 292 species. The family Sciaenidae was the best represented with 33 species, whereas at the genus level, Anchoa was represented with eight species. A high percentage of the species showed wide distribution ranges (30.2% for Cortez Province ~ Panamic Province; 21.3% for San Diego Province ~ Panamic Province); nevertheless, each ecosystem included a characteristic combination of species, apparently related to the physiographic conditions of the ecosystems. Species richness showed a pronounced decrease from the Upper Gulf of California, which has warm-temperate features, to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, which has tropical conditions; this is an opposite trend to that observed in the taxonomic diversity indicators, suggesting that a taxonomic redundancy was present in tropical areas and higher taxonomic diversity was present in the Upper Gulf of California, despite the lower species richness. This is explained by the prevailing environmental conditions and isolation processes generated during the formation of the Gulf of California.

Southern high latitude squat lobsters II: description of Uroptychus macquariae sp. nov. from Macquarie Ridge

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4353 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
KAREEN E. SCHNABEL ◽  
INGO BURGHARDT ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Southern High Latitude ◽  
Squat Lobsters

Squat lobsters have only recently been recorded from the Macquarie Ridge, which extends south between New Zealand and Antarctica. Among these, Uroptychus insignis (Henderson, 1885) was recorded for the first time outside the western Indian Ocean, exhibiting only subtle morphological differences. Reexamination of the Macquarie Ridge and Indian Ocean specimens attributed to U. insignis using morphological and molecular data revealed the Macquarie Ridge form to represent a separate species. Subtle but consistent morphological differences are evident and partial CO1 sequence data indicates that the specimens collected on Macquarie Ridge differ from those collected in the Indian Ocean by more than 7%. The Macquarie Ridge species is described herein as Uroptychus macquariae n.sp. Subtle morphological differences between the new species and U. insignis are discussed.  

scholarly journals Analysis of Differentiated Chemical Components between Zijuan Purple Tea and Yunkang Green Tea by UHPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS Combined with Chemometrics

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Mengwan Li ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
Tiejun Ling ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Daxiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Flavone Glycosides ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. Zijuan) is a unique purple tea. Recently, purple tea has drawn much attention for its special flavor and health benefits. However, the characteristic compounds of purple tea compared with green tea have not been reported yet. The present study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for comprehensive analysis of characteristic metabolites between Zijuan purple tea (ZJT) and Yunkang green tea (YKT). Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that there are significant differences in chemical profiles between ZJT and YKT. A total of 66 major differential metabolites included catechins, proanthocyanins, flavonol and flavone glycosides, phenolic acids, amino acids and alkaloids were identified in ZJT. Among them, anthocyanins are the most characteristic metabolites. Nine glycosides of anthocyanins and six glycosides of proanthocyanins were found to be significantly higher in ZJT than that in YKT. Subsequently, pathway analysis revealed that ZJT might generate anthocyanins and proanthocyanins through the flavonol and flavone glycosides. Furthermore, quantitative analysis showed absolutely higher concentrations of total anthocyanins in ZJT, which correlated with the metabolomics results. This study presented the comprehensive chemical profiling and the characterized metabolites of ZJT. These results also provided chemical evidence for potential health functions of ZJT

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