Wallowing in Buffalo and summer management

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.35543/osf.io/juctz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Champak Bhakat

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Dark Skin ◽

Night Time ◽

Climatic Extremes ◽

Hot Weather ◽

Do So

Wallowing has two purposes; the most obvious is that of cooling, the other is protection from insects. Wallowing during day time is done during the hottest hours. Wallowing during night time is instead a way for the animal to protect itself from insects. The buffalo has few sweat glands and a dark skin which makes it difficult for them to maintain their body temperature in hot and humid environments. Wallowing is a very important way for the buffaloes to maintain their body temperature. When buffaloes enter the water, they defecate and/or urinate. This seems to be a way to mark their wallow. Wallowing behavior is a learnt behavior. An animal that has not wallowed from birth with other animals will not do so on its own. Teaching such an animal to wallow is almost impossible for humans. The buffalo has to learn it from other buffaloes, even so, the adult buffalo will be very suspicious and may not wallow by its own choice. If no water or mud hole is available, the buffaloes behave more like cattle. They will seek shade and graze more during the cool hours and less during the hot hours.Amongst different environmental conditions, it is the hot weather that compromises the productive and reproductive performance of livestock species. The plains, coast-line and foot-hill regions of the Indian subcontinent, home to over 90% of the worlds’ buffaloes, experience varied and extreme weather conditions, with temperatures reaching up to 48°C in summers and as low as minus 2°C in winters. The presence of large buffalo population in such diverse climatic conditions indicates that buffaloes are well-adapted to such climatic extremes.

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Managemental Interventions to Reduce Heat Stress in Chickens

Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ◽

10.18805/bkap203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Pratik R. Wankhade ◽

Amol J. Talokar ◽

Brijesh Patel ◽

Diwakar Verma

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Egg Production ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Average Life Span ◽

Hot Weather

Chickens are very sensitive to environmental temperature. Their growth, egg production and health are severely affected during extremes of weather conditions. Therefore, within the economically feasible limits, optimum temperature has to be provided to the poultry birds, in order to obtain optimal growth rate and returns from the farming entity. During the summer season, the chickens will need more special attention. Chickens have a much higher body temperature than other animals and humans. The average body temperature for a chicken normally will run at 102-103 °F. Their heart rate is normally 280-315 beats per minute. Another fact is a rooster will take around 18-20 breaths per minute while a hen has 30-35 breaths per minute. The average life span for an egg laying chicken is around 5-8 years for large breeds such as your Rhode Island Red’s but have been known to live 20 years while broiler meat purpose birds only live up to 1-3 years. The summer heat can create more problems for chickens than cold weather. It’s easy to see they are insulated well with many feathers. Chickens fluff up their feathers as many birds will do which traps air between the layers which keep them warm during cold weather. In hot weather they seek out shade. They lay down and spread their wings and bodies out to cool down. However, the provision of cold drinking water can ameliorate huge amount of stress from the chickens.

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Public health approach of Unani medicine to cope and stay safe in hot environmental conditions

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tariq Nadeem Khan ◽

Malik Itrat ◽

Tasfiya Hakeem Ansari

Keyword(s):

Heat Waves ◽

Heat Stroke ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Body ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Unani Medicine ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Hot Weather

Abstract The rising episodes of deadly heat waves have intensified the need for a heat protection strategy. The Unani system of medicine offers ways to stay healthy in different climatic conditions. Hence, this article aims to discuss the applicability of health protection measures suggested by Unani scholars for hot weather conditions in the light of current researches. The manual literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to collect information on health safety measures for hot weather. A substantial search of scientific databases such as “Google Scholar” and “Medline” for proposed measures in combination with “heat-stroke”, “heat exhaustion” and “heat rash” was also conducted to identify their possible activity in heat-related illnesses. The guidelines for summer seasons in the classical Unani literature are described under the title tadābīr-i-mavsam. Unani scholars have discussed in detail the pathophysiological effects of heat and the measures to stay healthy by regulating the body system through lifestyle, diet and herbs. Most of the measures proposed by them are backed up by evidences. However, some measures have not yet been evaluated for their therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy in heat-related illnesses. On the basis of findings, the authors advocate the adoption of evidence-based measures and propose further investigation of those measures that are not well supported by the evidence or have not yet been evaluated.

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PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH WEATHER DEPENDENCE

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2020-22-11-35-39 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Klepikov O.V. ◽

Kolyagina N.M. ◽

Berezhnova T.A. ◽

Kulintsova Ya.V.

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Pathological Effect ◽

Weather Forecasts ◽

Personalized Approach

Relevance. Today, in preventive medicine, climatic conditions that have a pathological effect on the functional state of a person are increasingly being updated. the occurrence of exacerbations of many diseases can be causally associated with various weather conditions. Aim: to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Material and methods. The assessment of personnel, material and technical support and the main performance indicators of an outpatient clinic was carried out on the example of the Voronezh city polyclinic No. 18 to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results. The main personnel problem is the low staffing of district therapists and specialists of a narrow service. One of the priorities for reducing the burden on medical hospitals is the organization of inpatient replacement medical care on the basis of outpatient clinics. The indicators for the implementation of state guarantees for the outpatient network for 2018, which were fully implemented, are given. The analysis of the planned load performance by polyclinic specialists is presented. Cardiological and neurological services carry out measures to reduce the risk of exacerbations of diseases with cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertension, and major neurological nosologies. Conclusion. Improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with cardiovascular diseases are: informing patients about the sources of specialized medical weather forecasts in the region, organizing the work of the medical prevention office, implementing an interdepartmental approach to providing health care to the most vulnerable groups of the population.

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Pakistan’s Development: Successes, Failures, and Future Tasks (Presidential Remarks)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v36i4ipp.321-331 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (4I) ◽

pp. 321-331

Author(s):

Sarfraz Khan Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Indian Subcontinent ◽

General Meeting ◽

The Past ◽

Past Half Century ◽

The Social ◽

The Subject ◽

Golden Jubilee ◽

Freedom Movement ◽

Past Half ◽

Do So

It is an honour for me as President of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists to welcome you to the 13th Annual General Meeting and Conference of the Society. I consider it a great privilege to do so as this Meeting coincides with the Golden Jubilee celebrations of the state of Pakistan, a state which emerged on the map of the postwar world as a result of the Muslim freedom movement in the Indian Subcontinent. Fifty years to the date, we have been jubilant about it, and both as citizens of Pakistan and professionals in the social sciences we have also been thoughtful about it. We are trying to see what development has meant in Pakistan in the past half century. As there are so many dimensions that the subject has now come to have since its rather simplistic beginnings, we thought the Golden Jubilee of Pakistan to be an appropriate occasion for such stock-taking.

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Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.94.55-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (94) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

R.O. Myalkovsky

Keyword(s):

Meteorological Factors ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Potato Yield ◽

High Yield ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Lower Yield ◽

The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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Optimal Command for Photovoltaic Systems in Real Outdoor Weather Conditions

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4044125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hafsa Abouadane ◽

Abderrahim Fakkar ◽

Benyounes Oukarfi

Keyword(s):

Maximum Power Point Tracking ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Photovoltaic System ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Point Tracking ◽

Power Point Tracking ◽

Power Point

The photovoltaic panel is characterized by a unique point called the maximum power point (MPP) where the panel produces its maximum power. However, this point is highly influenced by the weather conditions and the fluctuation of load which drop the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Therefore, the insertion of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is compulsory to track the maximum power of the panel. The approach adopted in this paper is based on combining the strengths of two maximum power point tracking techniques. As a result, an efficient maximum power point tracking method is obtained. It leads to an accurate determination of the MPP during different situations of climatic conditions and load. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT method, it has been simulated in matlab/simulink under different conditions.

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Examining the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in London care homes

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/01436244211013645 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014362442110136

Author(s):

Rajat Gupta ◽

Alastair Howard ◽

Mike Davies ◽

Anna Mavrogianni ◽

Ioanna Tsoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Care Home ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Care Homes ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Night Time ◽

Institutional Practices ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Hybrid Buildings ◽

Hot Weather

This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings. Continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels was conducted in summer 2019 along with thermal comfort surveys and semi-structured interviews with older residents and staff of the care settings. Indoor temperatures were found to be high (>30°C) with bedroom temperatures often higher at night than daytime across both care settings. Limited opening due to window restrictors constrained night-time ventilation. Overheating was prevalent with four out of the five monitored bedrooms failing all four overheating metrics investigated. While 35–42% of staff responses perceived indoor temperatures to be uncomfortably hot, only 13–19% of resident responses were found to do so, indicating that elderly residents tend to be relatively insensitive to heat, leaving them open to overheating without realising it. Residents and staff in the modern care setting were less satisfied with their thermal conditions. As hybrid buildings, care settings need to keep both residents and staff comfortable and healthy during hot weather through night-time ventilation, management of heating and supportive institutional practices. Practical application: Care home designs have focused on keeping residents warm through the winter, neglecting the risks of summertime overheating. Care homes are hybrid buildings serving as living spaces for vulnerable older residents and offices/workspaces for staff. Providing comfort to both groups during periods of hot weather is challenging. Opportunities for ventilation are limited by Health & Safety regulations that mandate up to 10 cm maximum window openings and institutional practices that result in windows routinely kept closed, particularly at night. Utilising natural and where possible cross-ventilation should be considered along with external shading. Heating should be managed to avoid unwanted heat gains in the summer.

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Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2836

Author(s):

Khawar Shahzad ◽

Muhammad Sultan ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Hadeed Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Low Cost ◽

Evaporative Cooling ◽

Thermal Exposure ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Body ◽

Dew Point ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

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