scholarly journals Sorption Extraction of Strontium Radionuclides from Surface Water by Natural Aluminum Silicate

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Static Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Static Conditions

The contamination of large volumes of surface waters with radionuclides is caused by the appearance of a significant number of objects that pose a potential radiation hazard. The search and development of affordable, environmentally friendly sorbents for the purification of such waters is an urgent task, the solution of which will make it possible to propose effective measures for the purification of natural water bodies from pollution. The article presents the result of research of sorption reduction of 90Sr radionuclide from aqueous solutions with experimental samples under static and dynamic conditions. Methods. We have defined the strontium concentration range within which the reduced component distribution between solid and liquid phases obeys Henry law. The granulated sorbent distribution index in the Henry area was Kd=(3.46±0.2)•102 ml/g in terms of strontium and this is comparable with the Kd=200 ml/g value of the initial natural glauconite. The obtained value of the sorbent static exchange capacity in terms of strontium in the (10-5 – 1) g/l concentration range is ≥ 4.2 mg/g. We investigated the sorption kinetics in the recirculation mode. We have presented the output curves of the strontium sorption with the developed sorbent in the dynamic mode. The strontium distribution index was at least 2.42 ∙ 103 ml/g and this approximately 10 times exceeded the value obtained under the static conditions. After passing of 900 column volumes of the model solution through the column, no compacting of the sorbent was observed and this confirmed preserving of its hydro/dynamic characteristics and the possibility to use it as a filter loads in ant water treatment systems. Results. The sorbent produced from local mineral raw material is applicable and feasible for use in treatment of the Ural region water bodies contaminated with 90Sr. We have demonstrated good perspective of the natural aluminum silicate glauconite of the Karinsk deposit (Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia) granulated with bonding tap water use as a sorbent for extraction of strontium radionuclide from natural waters in the process of radioactive-contaminated territories.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

Wastewater Treatment Using Marine Algae Biomass as Pollutants Removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098
Author(s):  
Elena Suzana Biris Dorhoi ◽  
Maria Tofana ◽  
Simona Maria Chis ◽  
Carmen Elena Lupu ◽  
Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Pollutants Removal

The valorification of the marine biomass is an important resource for many industries like pharmaceutical, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols and collagen), cosmetics, biofertilizers and wastewater treatment. In the last years a special attention has been given to the use of macroalgae. The aim of this study was to emphasize the capacity of two representative green algae species frequent presents on the Romanian shore, Ulva lactuca (L.) and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek, to remove two usual detergents from wastewater. The green algae washed, dried at room temperature, macerated to powder were introduced into different filter paper for comparison, then immersed in waste water treated with different concentrations of detergents. Tap water was used for the experiment. The results show that Ulva lactuca (L.) species is suitable than Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek species, for wastewater treatment.

On methodological approaches to the improvement of surface water bodies and target indicators of the natural waters’ quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Zaslonovsky ◽  
◽  
N. Sharapov ◽  
M. Bosov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

The paper is devoted to the development of proposals concerning the improvement of surface water bodies and the appointment of target indicators of the natural waters’ quality. The paper considers a variety of problems of preserving, restoring and improving the quality of natural surface waters: from regional features of the formation of natural water composition, to differences in the requirements for the quality of water consumed. The object of the study is the qualitative indicators of the waters of natural water bodies, and the subject of the study is the methodological approaches to the normalization of these indicators. The purpose of the work is to identify the main shortcomings in the domestic system of rationing the quality of natural waters, and to form appropriate proposals. For this purpose, the following tasks were set and solved: to review the methodological approaches to assessing and rationing the quality of natural waters used in some foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, to identify the main causes and shortcomings; to make proposals for improving the current system of water quality rationing. The result of this work is the conclusions about the lack of impact of the strategy operating in Russia in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water objects, standards of permissible impact on water bodies, the appointment of permissible discharge limits in terms of maintaining and improving the water quality of natural water bodies. The reasons that led to this are indicated. The necessity of taking into account, in addition to the physical and chemical composition, also hydrobiological parameters is shown. It is concluded that instead of fisheries management standards, environmental standards should serve as the basis for target indicators of water quality of natural water bodies, which determine the well-being of humans and the stable functioning of aquatic ecosystems, taking into account regional factors. Proposals were made to adjust the methodological approaches to the implementation of this strategy. According to the authors, these proposals will speed up the solution of the main objectives of the strategy – the ecological improvement of water bodies, the preservation of unique aquatic ecosystems and the environmentally safe development of territories that previously experienced relatively small anthropogenic impacts (Eastern Siberia and the Far East)

scholarly journals Development and Substantiation of Regional Water Quality Standards in Respect of Heavy Metals Content for the Upper Kama Basin Water Bodies

2015 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Regional Water

The paper presents a new methodology for establishing regional water quality standards for the Upper Kama water bodies. Water bodies of the Upper Kama Basin are receiving wastewater from one of the largest industrial complexes of the Kama basin – Solikamsk-Berezniki industrial hub. The approach takes into account factors that determine the content of heavy metals in natural waters and the spatial/temporal variability of their content in the water bodies of the Upper Kama basin. The developed approach is implemented in establishment of regional water quality standards for the Upper Kama basin.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF “SALINE CONTAMINATION” OF NATURAL WATERS OF ROSTOV REGION, CONFINED TO THE IRRIGATED AREA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Drovovozova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Kirilenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations

Purpose: analysis of problematic issues associated with the hydrochemistry of natural waters and the processes occurring in the irrigation systems of Rostov region. Discussion. The specificity of growing crops associated with irrigated agriculture has led to the formation of significant volumes of drainage and waste water (58676.5 thousand cub. m at the level of 2019). The quality of drainage wastewaters is determined by the hydrochemistry of groundwater and water intakes and has a seasonal character. In drainage systems operation of the Central irrigated zone, an unregulated inflow of salt-forming ions into water inlets was noted, and their concentration in the places where drainage wastes are discharged into small water bodies of the Lower Don (for example, Kostylevsky pr., Kolodezki ur., Solenaya river, erik Besheny) differs little from the background geochemical concentrations and corresponds to the natural saline background of the studied objects. Since irrigation and drainage systems are the objects of negative impact on the environment, uncontrolled natural processes of salt-forming ions migration in adjacent environments in combination with desalinization processes during the irrigation period led to violations of ecological legislation by the land reclamation and agricultural water supply departments in terms of exceeding the standards of maximum permissible concentrations for water bodies for fishery purposes, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of 13.12.2016 no. 552. Conclusions. Regularities in formation of salt-forming ions migration processes in adjacent media have been revealed. It has been determined that one of the sources and agents of “saline contamination” of drainage and natural waters is groundwater. Hydrochemical materials and analysis of regulatory legal acts in terms of water bodies protection and use indicate the need to establish standards admitted to chemical substances concentrations disposal, taking into account the regional natural (nominally natural) hydrochemical background and natural and climatic characteristics differentiated for each small water body.

Reduced Tetracycline Bioavailability Caused by Magnesium Aluminum Silicate in Liquid Formulations of Bismuth Subsalicylate

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1460-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Healy ◽  
Richard J Dansereau ◽  
Alisha B Dunn ◽  
Chris E Clendening ◽  
Anthony W Mounts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Tetracycline Hydrochloride ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Magnesium Aluminum Silicate

RATIONALE: Bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline hydrochloride, and metronidazole are widely used in combination for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. As a result, there is renewed interest in the interaction between tetracycline and bismuth subsalicylate. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the observed decrease in tetracycline bioavailability is due to the active drug bismuth subsalicylate via complexation, or to magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), an inactive excipient present only in the liquid formulation of bismuth subsalicylate, which might adsorb the tetracycline, rendering it unavailable for systemic absorption. METHODS: Eleven healthy volunteers participated in a randomized three-period, three-treatment complete crossover study with a 7-day washout interval between treatments. After an overnight fast, subjects received a 500-mg capsule of tetracycline hydrochloride with either tap water, 30 mL of bismuth subsalicylate (525 mg) liquid containing Veegum (Pepto-Bismol), or 30 mL of a specially formulated bismuth subsalicylate (525 mg) liquid without Veegum. Blood was collected for 24 hours after each dose of tetracycline. Serum was assayed for tetracycline concentration by HPLC. In addition, standard in vitro ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the capacity for complexation of bismuth with tetracycline and for adsorption of tetracycline to Veegum. RESULTS: Compared with the reference treatment of tetracycline hydrochloride with water, the liquid formulation of bismuth subsalicylate containing Veegum decreased the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of tetracycline by 21% and the serum tetracycline AUC by 27% (p < 0.001). The bismuth subsalicylate formulation without Veegum resulted in decreases in Cmax and AUC of 11% and 13%, respectively (p > 0.05 vs. tetracycline hydrochloride with water). Multiple linear regression analysis of the spectral absorbance data demonstrated a calculated recovery of tetracycline of 100.9% and, therefore, a lack of in vitro complexation with bismuth. At pH 1.2, the amount of tetracycline adsorbed to Veegum ranged from 91.5% to 97.2% over the concentration range of 0.25 to 2 mg/mL. At pH 7.0, the values ranged from 82.9% to 83.9% over the concentration range of 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro and in vivo data from this study indicate that Veegum, a suspending agent, and not the active agent bismuth subsalicylate, is the primary ingredient in liquid formulations of bismuth subsalicylate responsible for a decrease in tetracycline bioavailability. In addition, the mechanism of interaction is not likely due to complexation between tetracycline and bismuth subsalicylate, as previously postulated, but rather is caused by adsorption of tetracycline to the excipient Veegum, which is present only in the liquid formulation of bismuth subsalicylate. The clinical relevance of this interaction has not been determined.

scholarly journals Removal of orthophosphates in water by modified carbonate material of biological origin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tadeu Gomes Vianna ◽  
Marcia Marques
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
P Removal

The excessive release of phosphorus (P) by discharge of domestic and industrial effluents is directly associated with the eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, an efficient removal of P from effluents is required. The method most commonly used for P removal from wastewater is chemical precipitation. However, this technique is relatively expensive and demands a proper disposal for the sludge. Therefore, the development of new materials with low cost but high P removal efficiency has been investigated. The introduction of exotic species in aquatic environments is considered a serious environmental problem in different parts of the world. Considering that, many of these species have high concentrations of carbonates in their exoskeleton composition, which is potentially useful in water treatment, particularly for P removal the use of such material as adsorbent has been tested. The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of the exoskeleton of exotic species in powder form to remove orthophosphates from water comparing the raw material (RCS), with physically modified (CSA) and chemically modified (CSC) material. To study the orthophosphates removal efficiency, a factorial design with central composite rotational design (CCRD) was applied. In order to optimize the P removal, the influence of the independent variables adsorbent/adsorbate ratio, pH and temperature was investigated with the kinetic control associate at each configuration obtained by CCRD. The P removal capacity of RCS varied from 125.0 mgP kg-1 to 1002.5 mgP kg-1; the removal capacity of CSA varied from 237.5 mgP kg-1 to 1540.0 mgP kg-1. The removal capacity of CSC varied from 5212.5 mgP kg-1 to 12672.5 mgP kg-1. Based on the preliminary results, the exoskeleton powder showed to be a potentially sustainable alternative as adsorbent material (mostly the chemically modified form CSC) useful in several applications, such as the treatment of urban and industrial wastewaters to prevent eutrophication of water bodies and population control of exotic species due to the commercial exploitation. 

Study of the current waveform effect on the formation of cathode deposits during direct electrolysis Part 1. Electrolysis of fresh water

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
И.В. Пчельников ◽  
Т.Т.З. Нгуен ◽  
Л.Н. Фесенко
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Reverse Current ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Half Cycle ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Direct Electrolysis

При электрохимической обработке хлоридсодержащих природных вод в бездиафрагменном электролизере образуются соли хлорноватистой кислоты, проявляющие окислительные свойства. Этот процесс широко используется для производства дезинфицирующих растворов на основе гипохлорита натрия. Сырьем для производства гипохлорита натрия могут быть не только искусственно приготовленные солевые растворы, но и природные минеральные воды, содержащие хлориды. Электролиз таких растворов приводит к образованию на катоде электролизера нерастворимых солей кальция и магния, что препятствует массообмену в межэлектродном пространстве, а также к возникновению аварийных ситуаций. В первой части статьи приведены результаты исследований прямого электролиза постоянным и реверсным током пресной воды г. Донгхой, Республика Вьетнам. В проведенных испытаниях определяли влияние реверсного тока в сравнении с постоянным током на снижение образования нерастворимых веществ на катодах электролизера. Эксперименты показали преимущество реверсного тока над постоянным. Так, при электролизе реверсным током продолжительностью периода до 6 часов масса отложений на электродах не увеличивалась, а на постоянном токе накапливалась с момента начала электролиза. Это связано с тем, что осадок, образующийся в катодный полупериод, растворяется в анодный полупериод кислотой – продуктом окисления воды. Выход хлора по току для водопроводной воды составил не более 23% с плотностью тока 100 А/м2. During the electrochemical processing of chloride-containing natural water in a membraneless electrolyzer, salts of hypochlorous acid are formed that are exhibiting oxidizing properties. This process is widely used for the production of sodium hypochlorite disinfectants. The raw material for the production of sodium hypochlorite can be not only artificially prepared saline solutions, but also natural mineral water containing chlorides. The electrolysis of such solutions results in the formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts at the cathode of the electrolyzer thus inhibiting mass transfer in the interelectrode space and the occurrence of emergency situations. The first part of the article presents the results of studies of direct electrolysis of fresh water with constant and reverse current in Dong Hoi city, Republic of Vietnam. In the conducted tests the effect of reverse current in comparison with direct current on the reduction of the formation of insoluble substances at the cathodes of the electrolyzer was determined. The experiments have shown the advantage of reverse current over direct current. So, during the electrolysis with reverse current for a period of up to 6 hours, the amount of deposits on the electrodes did not increase, however, with direct current the deposits accumulated from the very beginning of the electrolysis process. This is due to the fact that the precipitate formed during the cathodic half cycle is dissolved during the anodic half cycle by acid, a product of water oxidation. The current output of chlorine for tap water was no more than 23% with a current density of 100 A/m2.

Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Zeolite-Cowlesite.

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Abhijit M ◽  
◽  
Suresh Kumar. B. V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Orthorhombic System

Cowlesite is a Calcium Aluminum silicate CaAl2Si3O106H2O which formed under the hydrothermal conditions of low temperature (1800C) and pressure (1.013250bar). Cowlesite minerals are known for their peculiar occurrence. Synthesis of Cowlesite mineral was carried by suitable stoichiometric composition. Hydrothermal synthesized Cowlesite mineral was characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDAX. It crystallized in the orthorhombic system and a lattice parameter a=23.22Å, b=30.58Å, c=25.01Å, Volume of Unit cell=17758.79Å3, α=β=γ=900. EDAX results show the elemental concentration of raw material which was used.

Production of Ceramic Brick Based on Aluminum-Silicate Wastes

2016 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Vlasov ◽  
Nelli K. Skripnikova ◽  
Ivan Yu. Yuriev ◽  
Pavel V. Kosmachev ◽  
Viktoria A. Litvinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Ceramic Brick

The paper focuses on the production of ceramic brick based on aluminum silicate waste generated by thermal power plants. The grain size and chemical compositions of the raw material are investigated. Experimental studies are carried out to identify optimum operating parameters of the ceramic brick production. It is shown that the use of aluminum silicate waste, namely, 40–60 % ash together with clay raw material allows obtaining ceramic brick possessing 20–25 MPa compressive strength, 10–15 % water absorption, and frost resistance of over 60 cycles.

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