PECULIARITIES OF FORMING NERVO-MENTAL DISORDERS AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AMONG MOSCOW STUDENTS DURING THE LEARNING PROCESS AT SCHOOL

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.K. Rapoport ◽  
A.P. A.P. Tsameryan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
School Students ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
High Level

The peculiarities of the forming the most common functional deviations and chronic diseases in students in the school ontogenesis dynamics are revealed. The morbidity dynamics of functional disorders and chronic diseases of the nervous system and mental sphere is presented. We analyzed changes in the prevalence of functional visual impairment and chronic diseases of the visual analyzer. The course of the pathological processes after the diagnosis of each student was evaluated according to the data of specially developed catamnesis questionnaires. We found a high level of functional disorders’ occurrence frequency of the nervous system and mental sphere (together) in primary school students and the rapid growth rate of the indicator from the 8th to the 11th forms. Visual impairment is characterized by an increase in the prevalence and unfavorable course of pathological processes during the whole school ontogenesis. The revealed functions of deviation and chronic diseases testify to the negative role of excessive academic load of students, psycho-emotional and visual overstrain in the formation of pathological conditions in school students.

scholarly journals Applying Positive Discipline in School and Adolescents’ Self-esteem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Slađana Zuković ◽  
◽  
Dušica Stojadinović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
School Context ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Discipline ◽  
High Level

Starting from the general principles of the concept of positive discipline, the paper points out that schools and teachers can significantly contribute to the application of positive discipline to affect different aspects of a student’s personality development. The potentials of applying positive discipline in the school for developing adolescents’ self-esteem are particularly emphasized. Accordingly, this paper will present the results of a study that aimed to establish a correlation between assessing the presence of positive discipline in a school context and the level of adolescents’ self-esteem. The survey included a convenience sample of 195 high school students from three high schools - art, technical, and grammar school. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the scale for assessing the presence of positive discipline in the school were used to collect the data. The results showed that adolescents exhibit a high level of self-esteem, while their assessment of the presence of positive discipline in school is moderate. Also, it was found that with the increase in the assessment of the presence of positive discipline in school, the level of adolescents’ self-esteem increased, and the statistically significant moderating role of the measured variables was found only in the type of high school. The conclusion points to the need to sensitize teachers to manage the classroom according to the principles of positive discipline, as well as the importance of creating the conditions that, through the phenomenon of positive discipline, effectively raise the quality of schoolwork as a whole.

scholarly journals Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13427
Author(s):  
Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez ◽  
María Carmen Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Cerbón ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez ◽  
Edgar Gustavo Ramos-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation.

The Role of Financial Education in the Path Towards Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Raquel González Castro ◽  
Joaquín Enríquez-Diaz ◽  
Begoña Alvarez García
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Education ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
School Students ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

Financial decisions are present in everyone's daily life. However, citizens do not always have sufficient knowledge to understand the consequences of their decisions and the risks taken. The lack of financial literacy can contribute, along with other factors, to making wrong financial decisions. This is why financial education becomes a key element to achieve a more sustainable and egalitarian future. This research presents a practical experience intended to foster financial education among high school students. The experience consisted in providing training workshops about financial topics, specifically adapted to the students' needs. The students' level of financial knowledge was evaluated and also their level of satisfaction with the experience. Results showed a high level of satisfaction and a significant improvement in their level of knowledge. The research also helped to identify the students' socio-demographic characteristics that explain the differences in their level of financial culture and their capacity for improvement.

The role of external factors in realizing of the natural progress of the child’s motor development within the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Galina S. Lupandina-Bolotova ◽  
Aliya A. Revina ◽  
Dmitry A. Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. The development of a child in the first year of life provides the basis for their further harmonious growth. Motor development occurs in parallel with the ongoing gradual development of the nervous system. The transition to a new motor milestone is associated with the emergence of new skills; therefore, stimulation of motor development should occur in accordance with the next milestone of the nervous system development. Intervention in the natural process of the skills gaining without considering the developmental nervous system milestone leads to a change in the trajectory of motor progress of the child. Aim of the study was to assess the significance of individual elements of motor development for the function of balance and walking, as well as to identify the role of non-physiologic (contradicting motor ontogenesis) stimulation of motor skills in the evolvement of non-optimal motor patterns and impaired balance and walking function. Materials and methods. In total, 43 children aged ≥ 12 months admitted to the «Consultative Diagnostic Department» of the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia were examined within the framework of dispensary observation in the period from December 2016 to June 2019. The assessment of motor development was carried out according to the tests and questionnaires developed. The children were divided into two groups: the treatment group, in which the intervention was carried out, and the control group. Results. The frequency of realization of physiological patterns in children in the treatment group was 65.5%, and in the control group was 89.6%. The occurrence of the functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system was as follows: pathological functional kyphosis in the lumbar spine in children in the treatment group occurred in 73.1%, and in the control group in 26.9%; sitting on the sacrum occurred in 73.1% in the treatment group, and 26.9 % in the control group; impaired coordination in the treatment group occurred in 53.9%, and in 46.1% in the control group; decreased balance function in the treatment group occurred in 61.5%, and in 38.5% in the control group. Conclusion. Correct interaction with a child in the first year of life, in combination with physiological stimulation corresponding to the developmental milestones of the nervous system, allows the child to implement their motor skills in a timely manner, without disrupting the natural sequence of motor development, and minimizes the risks of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals Functional Role of Non-Muscle Myosin II in Microglia: An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6687
Author(s):  
Chiara Porro ◽  
Antonio Pennella ◽  
Maria Antonietta Panaro ◽  
Teresa Trotta
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Muscle Myosin ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Myosins are a remarkable superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate actin filaments and to produce force. Myosins are abundant in different types of tissues and involved in a large variety of cellular functions. Several classes of the myosin superfamily are expressed in the nervous system; among them, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) is expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal brain cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia. In the nervous system, NM II modulates a variety of functions, such as vesicle transport, phagocytosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and morphology, secretion, transcription, and cytokinesis, as well as playing key roles during brain development, inflammation, repair, and myelination functions. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of recent emerging roles of NM II in resting and activated microglia cells, the principal regulators of immune processes in the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. When stimulated, microglial cells react and produce a number of mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and nitric oxide, that enhance inflammation and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of NM II could be a new therapeutic target to treat or to prevent CNS diseases.

scholarly journals The role of typology and reactivity in initiation and development of disadaptive disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
А.А. Артеменков
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Transition States ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Pathological Conditions

В данном обзоре поднимается проблема переходных состояний, возникающих на грани нормы и патологии, которые принято называть пограничными психическими расстройствами (ППР). В работе высказана гипотеза о том, что в современных условиях жизни человека часто возникает дезинтеграция психической деятельности в связи со значительной информационной нагрузкой на интегративные системы головного мозга. В обобщении материала сделан акцент на описание внутренних (биологических) факторов, определяющих возникновение и развитие дезадаптивных состояний и сопровождающих их пограничных психических расстройств. Обсуждается вопрос о роли индивидуально-типологических свойств нервной системы и реактивности личности в формировании и развитии пограничной психической патологии. Рассматривается вопрос о лечебно-профилактических и коррекционных мероприятиях, направленных на снижение дезадаптивных проявлений у человека в процессе жизнедеятельности и минимизацию пограничных психических расстройств. This review focuses on the issue of transition states that occur on the edge of normal and pathological conditions and are called borderline mental disorders (BMD). The author hypothesized that in the modern life, disintegration of mental activity frequently develops in association with a significant informational load on brain integrative systems. In summarizing the material, an emphasis was made on description of internal (biological) factors that determine the emergence and development of disadaptive conditions and concurrent BMDs. The review discusses the role of individual typological features of the nervous system and individual reactivity in the formation and development of BMD and focuses on therapeutic, preventive, and correctional measures aimed at alleviating disadaptive signs in humans and minimizing BMDs.

scholarly journals PERANAN CONSCIENTIOUSNESS TERHADAP PERILAKU CYBERLOAFING PADA MAHASISWA

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu’lu’ul Fuadiah ◽  
Hemy Heryati Anward ◽  
Neka Erlyani
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

ABSTRAKPenggunaan internet pada mahasiswa dapat berdampak negatif, salah satunya cyberloafing, yaitu tindakan individu yang menggunakaan akses internet lembaganya selama jam kuliah berlangsung untuk kepentingan pribadi dan aktivitas-aktivitas internet lainnya yang tidak berhubungan dengan pelajaran. Cyberloafing dipengaruhi beberapa sifat-sifat kepribadian, salah satunya adalah conscientiousness (kesadaran). Mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat conscientiousness yang tinggi dapat mengontrol perilaku untuk meraih tujuan dan tidak terpengaruh oleh keinginan pribadi sehingga tidak akan melakukan cyberloafing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan conscientiousness terhadap perilaku cyberloafing pada mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dengan jumlah subjek 60 orang. Alat ukur menggunakan dua skala yaitu skala conscientiousness dengan jumlah 45 aitem (α = 0,927) dan skala cyberloafing dengan jumlah 50 aitem (α = 0,940). Skala ini menggunakan skala moodel Likert dan analisis data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan regresi linear sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil diperoleh nilai -t hitung < -t tabel (-2,219 < 2,002), artinya ada peranan negatif antara conscientiousness dengan perilaku cyberloafing. Semakin tinggi tingkat conscientiousness, maka semakin rendah perilaku cyberloafing. Peranan conscientiousness terhadap perilaku cyberloafing hanya sebesar 7,8%, sehingga conscientiousness tidak sepenuhnya berperan langsung terhadap perilaku cyberloafing pada mahasiswa.Kata kunci: Conscientiousness, CyberloafingABSTRACTThe usage of internet can have negative impacts on students, one of which is cyberloafing, the action of an individual using the internet access of an institution during the lecture hours for personal interests and other internet activities that are not related to the lectures. Cyberloafing influences some personality traits, such as conscientiousness. Students whose high level of conscientiousness can control their behavior to reach their goals and are not affected by personal desires and so will not do cyberloafing. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of conscientiousness towards cyberloafing behavior in students. The sampling technique used in the study was a random cluster sampling technique with the subjects of 60 people. Data were collected using two scales, namely conscientiousness scale with 45 items (α = 0.927) and cyberloafing scale with 50 items (α = 0.940). These scales used Likert scale model, and the data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results showed that the value of -t count < -t table (-2.219 < -2.002), indicating that there was a negative role of conscientiousness towards cyberloafing behavior. The higher the level of conscientiousness, the lower the cyberloafing behavior. The role of conscientiousness towards cyberloafing behavior was only 7.8%, so conscientiousness did not directly contribute to cyberloafing behavior in students.Keywords: Conscientiousness, Cyberloafing

Analysis of Heart rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Tiwari ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Sujata Malik ◽  
Tilak Raj ◽  
Punit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Background:: The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-functioning cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscillation as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the internal-external stimulus. Objective:: The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnection among factors and so that HRV can be used in clinical practices. Methods:: This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV and the role of various factors affecting HRV. Results:: The variation in the time between two heartbeats is termed as HRV. It is one of the indicators of many pathological conditions related to cardiovascular health. It provided reliable information about the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The analysis of the variation of heart rate is a well-known non-invasive technique to identify the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) depends on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for transferring information. The cardio-accelerating center, lungs, and non-striated muscles are innervated by cardiac sympathetic nerves. This division of ANS latches upon the heart accordingly via the cervicothoracic ganglion and vagus nerve. It is found that cardiac normal variability depends upon this stimulation towards the sinoatrial node (pacemaker) which can be evaluated by analyzing the HRV. In human- based studies, it has been found that low level of HRV is one of the main causes of death rate among adults. Hence, HRV helps in identifying the risk of cardiac diseases and the state of ANS. Conclusion:: The heart plays a vital role in the human body and the well-functioning of the cardiac system is the need for a healthy life. The heart contains its nervous system termed as neurocardio system in which ANS plays a key role in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic system interplay to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: Physiology, Pathology, and Therapeutic Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadaly Gassama ◽  
Alexandre Favereaux
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Physiology ◽  
The Brain

Extracellular vesicles or EVs are secreted by most, if not all, eukaryote cell types and recaptured by neighboring or distant cells. Their cargo, composed of a vast diversity of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, supports the EVs’ inter-cellular communication. The role of EVs in many cellular processes is now well documented both in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of EVs in the central nervous system (CNS) in physiological as well as pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases or brain cancers. We also discuss the future of EVs in clinical research, in particular, their value as biomarkers as well as innovative therapeutic agents. While an increasing number of studies reveal EV research as a promising field, progress in the standardization of protocols and innovation in analysis as well as in research tools is needed to make a breakthrough in our understanding of their impact in the pathophysiology of the brain.

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