OPTIMIZATION ON EFFICIENT COMBUSTION PROCESS OF SMALL-SIZED FUEL ROLLS MADE OF OLEAGINOUS FLAX RESIDUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Svitlana Yaheliuk ◽  
Volodymyr Didukh ◽  
Vitally Busnyuk ◽  
Galina Boyko ◽  
Oleksandr Shubalyi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Efficient Combustion ◽  
Energy Consuming

Currently, the use of secondary agricultural raw material is a topical issue. There are various applications of agricultural crop residues possible, but they are finance- and energy-consuming. Burning crop residues is very harmful for the environment. One of the ways to solve the problem is the production of solid biofuel that can be used to heat buildings. The authors suggest producing solid biofuel in the form of small-sized fuel rolls / pellets (SFR), which are made of oleaginous flax residues. As a result of the conducted experimental investigations, the authors have proved the efficiency and the environmental safety of SFR consumption. The new fuel can be recommended if the requirement of efficient and ecologically safe combustion is met. Thus, the influence of small-sized fuel rolls’ properties on the process of their combustion as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of the combustion gases from burning solid fuel made of oleaginous flax residues have been investigated. The paper presents the results proving that SFR combustion is the most efficient on condition of providing reduced moisture (10-12%) and reasonable density (80 kg/m3) in the process of pellet production. In addition, it has been determined that there is a significant reduction of harmful CO emissions and normalization of СО2 concentration. The application of the suggested solid biofuel can make it possible to solve the problem of using oleaginous flax residues and provide cheap fuel for household purposes.

scholarly journals Researches on biofuels gasification using the Lurgi process with homogeneous air inlet over the combustion space

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Lăzăroiu ◽  
Lucian Mihăescu ◽  
Gabriel Negreanu ◽  
Iulia Simion ◽  
Dana-Alexandra Ciupăgeanu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Experimental Installation ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Efficient Combustion ◽  
Fuel Rate

The experimental investigations carried out within the present research focus on a simple gasification technology dedicated to biofuels conversion according to the Lurgi procedure. Specifically, an installation with a fixed grill and a homogeneous distribution of the air inlet over the combustion space are considered. In order to provide a thorough background for the experimental research, this paper presents first the challenges related to the air distribution. If for coal gasification the difficulty of the homogeneous penetration of the air inlet within the whole combustion volume is balanced by the possibility of the direct emission of CO valorization, for biomass gasification this factor becomes fundamental. The original contribution of the technology introduced in this paper assumes an improved combustion process for Lurgi-type gas generators. The experimental installation employed has a particular design, enabling a homogeneous distribution of the air inlet over the entire combustion zone, up to the top of the embers layer. This allows achieving a maximum CO2 content in the flue gas flux, effectively reducing it inside the embers bed. The high calorific value of biofuels used favors developing an efficient combustion process, occurring at high temperatures. Thus, the reduction process of the CO2 is self-controlled. The experimental installation operates at a slow fuel rate, with discontinued supply and precise airflow control. The quality of the gas obtained is evaluated based on the resulting open flame, analyzing its composition.

scholarly journals Thermal Properties and Combustion-Related Problems Prediction of Agricultural Crop Residues

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4619
Author(s):  
Xuejun Qian ◽  
Jingwen Xue ◽  
Yulai Yang ◽  
Seong W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Lower Estimation ◽  
Wide Range

The prediction and pre-evaluation of the thermal properties and combustion-related problems (e.g., emissions and ash-related problems) are critical to reducing emissions and improving combustion efficiency during the agricultural crop residues combustion process. This study integrated the higher heating value (HHV) model, specific heat model, and fuel indices as a new systematic approach to characterize the agricultural crop residues. Sixteen linear and non-linear regression models were developed from three main compositions of the ultimate analysis (e.g., C, H, and O) to predict the HHV of the agricultural crop residues. Newly developed HHV models have been validated with lower estimation errors and a higher degree of accuracy than the existing models. The specific heat of flue gas during the combustion process was estimated from the concentrations of C, H, O, S, and ash content under various excess air (EA) ratios and flue gas temperatures. The specific heat of agricultural crop residues was between 1.033 to 1.327 kJ/kg·K, while it was increased by decreasing the EA ratios and elevating the temperature of the flue gas. Combustion-related problems, namely corrosions, PM1.0 emissions, SOx, HCl, and ash-related problems were predicted using the fuel indices along with S and Cl concentrations, and ash compositions. Results showed that agricultural crop residues pose a severe corrosion risk and lower ash sintering temperature. This integrated approach can be applied to a wide range of biomass before the actual combustion process which may predict thermal-chemical properties and reduce the potential combustion-related emissions.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia: three industrial crops for energy and hemicelluloses production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Palma ◽  
Javier Mauricio Loaiza ◽  
Manuel J. Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos García ◽  
Inmaculada Giráldez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Of Combustion ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Chamaecytisus Proliferus

Abstract Background Burning fast-growing trees for energy production can be an effective alternative to coal combustion. Thus, lignocellulosic material, which can be used to obtain chemicals with a high added value, is highly abundant, easily renewed and usually inexpensive. In this work, hemicellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis of plant biomass from three different crops (Chamaecytisus proliferus, Leucaena diversifolia and Paulownia trihybrid) was modelled and the resulting solid residues were used for energy production. Results The influence of the nature of the lignocellulosic raw material and the operating conditions used to extract the hemicellulose fraction on the heat capacity and activation energy of the subsequent combustion process was examined. The heat power and the activation energy of the combustion process were found to depend markedly on the hemicellulose content of the raw material. Thus, a low content in hemicelluloses resulted in a lower increased energy yield after acid hydrolysis stage. The process was also influenced by the operating conditions of the acid hydrolysis treatment, which increased the gross calorific value (GCV) of the solid residue by 0.6–9.7% relative to the starting material. In addition, the activation energy of combustion of the acid hydrolysis residues from Chamaecytisus proliferus (Tagasaste) and Paulownia trihybrid (Paulownia) was considerably lower than that for the starting materials, the difference increasing with increasing degree of conversion as well as with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis. The activation energy of combustion of the solid residues from acid hydrolysis of tagasaste and paulownia decreased markedly with increasing degree of conversion, and also with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis treatment. No similar trend was observed in Leucaena diversifolia (Leucaena) owing to its low content in hemicelluloses. Conclusions Acid hydrolysis of tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia provided a valorizable liquor containing a large amount of hemicelluloses and a solid residue with an increased heat power amenable to efficient valorization by combustion. There are many potential applications of the hemicelluloses-rich and lignin-rich fraction, for example as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing, for energy and other value-added chemicals.

scholarly journals Crop residues on short-term CO2 emissions in sugarcane production areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. Corradi ◽  
Alan R. Panosso ◽  
Marcílio V. Martins Filho ◽  
Newton La Scala Junior
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugarcane Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Production Areas

The proper management of agricultural crop residues could produce benefits in a warmer, more drought-prone world. Field experiments were conducted in sugarcane production areas in the Southern Brazil to assess the influence of crop residues on the soil surface in short-term CO2 emissions. The study was carried out over a period of 50 days after establishing 6 plots with and without crop residues applied to the soil surface. The effects of sugarcane residues on CO2 emissions were immediate; the emissions from residue-covered plots with equivalent densities of 3 (D50) and 6 (D100) t ha-1 (dry mass) were less than those from non-covered plots (D0). Additionally, the covered fields had lower soil temperatures and higher soil moisture for most of the studied days, especially during the periods of drought. Total emissions were as high as 553.62 ± 47.20 g CO2 m-2, and as low as 384.69 ± 31.69 g CO2 m-2 in non-covered (D0) and covered plot with an equivalent density of 3 t ha-1 (D50), respectively. Our results indicate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, indicating conservation of soil carbon over the short-term period following the application of sugarcane residues to the soil surface.

Innovative Passive Flame Ameliorator for a Diffusion Flame Burner Using Chevrons

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 732-735
Author(s):  
A. Alaguraja ◽  
S. Balaji ◽  
Inti Sandeep ◽  
M. Karthikeyan ◽  
S. Soma Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Premixed Flame ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Flame Burner ◽  
Safety Considerations

Diffusion flame burners are mainly used in industries over premixed flame burners for safety considerations. But the combustion process in a diffusion flame is not complete and the flame is usually in bright yellow in colour in contrast to the premixed flame which gives a bluish flame. To improve the combustion process in a diffusion flame burner a novel approach, using chevrons has been carried out. The chevrons are found to reduce the aero-acoustic noise in the exhaust jets of aircraft engines by allowing better mixing of the exhaust gas with the ambient air. The similar concept is used here where the tips of the burners are cut in the form of chevrons. Experimental investigations are carried out on burners with three and four chevrons in addition to a standard burner using LPG as the fuel. The results indicate that with the introduction of chevrons the diffusion flame becomes more compact. The premixed region, in the diffusion flame, where the air and fuel is mixed well is found to increase by nearly 100 % with the usage of chevrons, indicating better mixing of fuel and air. The results also indicate that increasing the number of chevrons from three to four does not show much variation. Further experiments are to be carried out to determine the improved fuel consumption with the usage of chevrons.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГІГІЄНІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НАТІЛЬНОЇ ЛІКАРНЯНОЇ БІЛИЗНИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
І. О. Іванов ◽  
Н. П. Супрун ◽  
Ю. О. Ващенко
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Basic Functions

Investigation of the influence of the peculiarities of raw material composition and structure of traditional and innovative linen textile materials on their hygienic properties. Theoretical and experimental investigations are based on the main positions of textile materials science. In experimental studies, modern standardized methods for determining the hygienic properties of textile materials were used, as well as techniques specially developed taking into account the peculiarities of the operating conditions of underwear. The peculiarities of the operating conditions and the basic functions of hospital underwear were determined. The comparative analysis of hygienic properties of traditional and modern fabrics for underwear was carried out. Using the standardized and the developed methods, adapted to the peculiarities of the conditions of use of the products, the indicators characterizing the processes of water absorption of the materials were experimentally determined. On the basis of the obtained values of quality indicators, a comprehensive assessment of the ability of materials to transfer moisture and air, with the calculation of the arithmetic complex quality index was done. This allowed to determine the material that is optimal in properties, which provides thermophysiological comfort when operating hospital underwear. Using the developed methods, which take into account the specifics of the operating conditions, a comparative analysis of the hygienic properties of traditional and innovative materials for underwear was carried out. A new range of textile materials for underwear has been proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of the operational situation of consumption.

scholarly journals Prechamber optimal selection for a two stage turbulent jet ignition type combustion system in CNG-fuelled engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz PIELECHA ◽  
Wojciech BUESCHKE ◽  
Maciej SKOWRON ◽  
Łukasz FIEDKIEWICZ ◽  
Filip SZWAJCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
High Speed Engine

Searching for further reduction of fuel consumption simultaneously with the reduction of toxic compounds emission new systems for lean-mixture combustion for SI engines are being discussed by many manufacturers. Within the European GasOn-Project (Gas Only Internal Combustion Engines) the two-stage combustion and Turbulent Jet Ignition concept for CNG-fuelled high speed engine has been proposed and thoroughly investigated where the reduction of gas consumption and increasing of engine efficiency together with the reduction of emission, especially CO2 was expected. In the investigated cases the lean-burn combustion process was conducted with selection of the most effective pre-combustion chamber. The experimental investigations have been performed on single-cylinder AVL5804 research engine, which has been modified to SI and CNG fuelling. For the analysis of the thermodynamic, operational and emission indexes very advanced equipment has been applied. Based on the measuring results achieved for different pre-chamber config-urations the extended methodology of polioptimization by pre-chamber selection and the shape of main chamber in the piston crown for proposed combustion system has been described and discussed. The results of the three versions of the optimization methods have been comparatively summarized in conclusions.

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