TRADE MARKETING AND NEW SALES PROMOTION TOOLS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2283-2292
Author(s):  
N.V. Shashlo ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kuzubov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The market is a constant battle between enterprises, in which the winner will be the one who effectively plans, implements and measures the results of marketing activities. To get more profit and to meet the customers' needs, it is advisable to use a trade marketing mechanism. The issue of increasing the demand for goods is quite effectively resolved through the interaction of production and intermediary enterprises using trade marketing tools. This concept is insufficiently studied by Russian scientists, which makes it difficult to fully use it for the needs of market participants. The purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of “trade marketing”, as well as transformation and improvement of the classification of tools of the trade marketing system and determination of the features of their use by production and intermediary enterprises. Basing on the analysis of modern economic literature, the authors have formed their own definition of the concept “trade marketing”. It is based on the manufacturer's and the intermediary's influence on the increase in demand for products, as well as on forming end consumer's loyalty to the brand through the effective interaction of all participants in the trade chain. The most relevant trade marketing tools used by marketing agencies and domestic scientists are considered. The existing approach to the classification of trade marketing tools has been expanded. We have developed our own classification of trade marketing tools, the main criterion of which is the target audience of the enterprise. The proposed classification will help industrial and trade enterprises to use the system of trade-marketing means more efficiently.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF TRADE-MARKETING TOOLS

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Lesia Bohun ◽  
Svitlana Rozumeі ◽  
Iryna Nikolayenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
System Method ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Use

Introduction. The question of increase of the demand for goods is effectively solved with the help of industrial and intermediate enterprises interaction. During this interaction the trade-marketing tools are used. The concept trade-marketing is not enough investigated by Ukrainian scientists. This fact interferes the effective use of trade-marketing for the needs of market participants. Purpose. The article aims to analyse the transformation of the concept «trade-marketing», improve the classification of tools of the system of trade-marketing and define the features of their use by industrial and intermediate enterprises. Method. The general scientific and empirical methods have been used to achieve the tasks of the research. They are system method, method of generalising, method of classification, method of description. Results. On the basis of analysis of modern economical literature the authors have generated their own definition of the concept «trade-marketing». It is based on the influence of the manufacturer and intermediary on the increase of demand of production. It also influences the formation of consumer loyalty to trademark due to effective interaction of all participants in the trading chain. The authors’ own classification of tools of trade-marketing has been worked out. The main criterion of this classification is a purpose-oriented enterprise audience. This classification will help industrial and trade enterprises more effectively use the system of trade-marketing means.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(87)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia Gorova ◽  
Deng Qiwen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Social

The article is devoted to defining the concept of corporate social responsibility in modern economic conditions that are characterized, on the one hand, by increasing humanistic values in society, public consciousness, the desire for sustainable economic systems, and on the other hand, by limited resources due to the crisis caused by the global pandemic. The article analyses scientific approaches to defining the concept of corporate social responsibility. The authors propose their own definition, according to which the main purpose of introducing corporate social responsibility into the company’s strategy is to achieve the target level of key performance indicators by improving the image of the organization because of socially significant actions and effective interaction with all stakeholders. According to this, the object, subject and principles of corporate social responsibility are defined in the article. The obtained results can be the basis for the development of a modern concept of corporate social responsibility, scientific and methodological approaches for its implementation in the company’s strategy.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

Stochastic Models for Actuarial Use: The Equilibrium Modelling of Local Markets

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Thomson ◽  
Dmitri V. Gott
Keyword(s):  
Local Market ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Market Portfolio ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Time Subject

AbstractIn this paper, a long-term equilibrium model of a local market is developed. Subject to minor qualifications, the model is arbitrage-free. The variables modelled are the prices of risk-free zero-coupon bonds – both index-linked and conventional – and of equities, as well as the inflation rate. The model is developed in discrete (nominally annual) time, but allowance is made for processes in continuous time subject to continuous rebalancing. It is based on a model of the market portfolio comprising all the above-mentioned asset categories. The risk-free asset is taken to be the one-year index-linked bond. It is assumed that, conditionally upon information at the beginning of a year, market participants have homogeneous expectations with regard to the forthcoming year and make their decisions in mean-variance space. For the purposes of illustration, a descriptive version of the model is developed with reference to UK data. The parameters produced by that process may be used to inform the determination of those required for the use of the model as a predictive model. Illustrative results of simulations of the model are given.

scholarly journals The Role of DNA Degradation in the Estimation of Post-Mortem Interval: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Tozzo ◽  
Salvatore Scrivano ◽  
Matteo Sanavio ◽  
Luciana Caenazzo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

The determination of the post-mortal interval (PMI) is an extremely discussed topic in the literature and of deep forensic interest, for which various types of methods have been proposed. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a review of the studies on the post-mortem DNA degradation used for estimating PMI. This review has been performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the PRISMA Guidelines. Several analytical techniques have been proposed to analyse the post-mortem DNA degradation in order to use it to estimate the PMI. Studies focused mainly on animal models and on particular tissues. The results have been mixed: while on the one hand literature data in this field have confirmed that in the post-mortem several degradation processes involve nucleic acids, on the other hand some fundamental aspects are still little explored: the influence of ante and post-mortem factors on DNA degradation, the feasibility and applicability of a multiparametric mathematical model that takes into account DNA degradation and the definition of one or more target organs in order to standardize the results on human cases under standard conditions.

scholarly journals The complexity of DNA sequences. Different approaches and definitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-337
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Gusev ◽  
Liubov A. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Symbolic Sequence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

An important quantitative characteristic of symbolic sequence (texts, strings) is complexity, which reflects at the intuitive level the degree of their "non-randomness". A.N. Kolmogorov formulated the most general definition of complexity. He proposed measuring the complexity of an object (symbolic sequence) by the length of the shortest descriptions by which this object can be uniquely reconstructed. Since there is no program guaranteed to search for the shortest description, in practice, various algorithmic approximations considered in this paper are used for this purpose. Along with definitions of complexity, suggesting the possibility of reconstruction a sequence from its "description", a number of measures are considered that do not imply such restoration. They are based on the calculation of some quantitative characteristics. Of interest is not only a quantitative assessment of complexity, but also the identification and classification of structural regularities that determine its specific value. In one form or another, they are expressed in the demonstration of repetition in the broadest sense. The considered measures of complexity are conventionally divided into statistical ones that take into account the frequency of occurrence of symbols or short “words” in the text, “dictionary” ones that estimate the number of different “subwords” and “structural” ones based on the identification of long repeating fragments of text and the determination of relationships between them. Most of the methods are designed for sequences of an arbitrary linguistic nature. The special attention paid to DNA sequences, reflected in the title of the article, is due to the importance of the object, manifestations of repetition of different types, and numerous examples of using the concept of complexity in solving problems of classification and evolution of various biological objects. Local structural features found in the sliding window mode in DNA sequences are of considerable interest, since zones of low complexity in the genomes of various organisms are often associated with the regulation of basic genetic processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of “maturity” of the taxpayer's internal control system for tax monitoring purposes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-59
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Berezina ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Balandina ◽  
Ol'ga Svyatoslavovna Belomyttseva
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The internal control system is examined as a variety of internal control of an economic entity on the one hand, and as the foundation for transitioning towards tax monitoring on the other. Such approach allows assessing this structure from the perspective of taxpayers, as well as from the standpoint of implementation of public function of tax control. The object of this article is the process of improving internal control system of tax obligations by the taxpayer in the conditions of digitalization of tax administration. The subject of this article is the theoretical aspects of internal control as an administrative function, as well as comparative analysis of the Russian “internal control” system with the classical COSO model. The scientific novelty consists in comprehensive research of the internal control of tax obligations, determination of its essential characteristics,  and assessment of the consequences of formalization of requirements thereof, which led to the conclusion on transformation of the internal control of the taxpayer from the area of reputational merits of the economic entity and internal administration instruments to the subject of public control by tax authorities in tax monitoring processes. It remains to be seen whether state interference in such delicate sphere of activity of an economic entity as internal control is justified. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of the effective requirements of the Federal Tax Service of Russia from the perspective of possibility of their implementation by the particular taxpayers. The article provides the examples of assessment of certain components of the internal control system based on the criteria set by the Federal Tax Service of Russia. The author formulates the definition of control procedure, carries out classification of the aforementioned criteria; develops the examples of effective design of some controls; as well as presents the examples of assessment of IT systems from in the context of extended requirements of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DETERMINATION OF THE COST OF PLANTS CERTAIN KINDS WHEN CARRYING OUT FORENSIC MERCHANDISING EXAMINATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
О. S. Obolentseva-Krasivska
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Market Relations

Flowers, ornamental plants, planting material (saplings) and other plants with regard to which the market with possibility of carrying out independent adequate marketing was formed, are the subject of evaluation by the experts in field of forensic merchandising. With the development of the market and market relations such goods as flowers, planting material and others are increasingly encashed in the market of Ukraine and become the objects of forensic merchandising examinations and expert researches. Special feature of merchandising researches of the plant origin objects is the use of the comprehensive approach to the estimation of their quality and cost. Researches are carried out with the purpose of determination of properties, consumer value, conformity to standards and specifications of plants certain kinds. When studying a considerable variety of flower plants, one distinguishes scientific and industrial classifications. In merchandising flowers industrial classification of flower ornamental plants which provides distribution of flower plants to the separate groups similar on biological properties, the agricultural technician of cultivation and practical application in gardening is used. During carrying out merchandising examinations on an establishment of consumer properties of certain kinds plants, namely establishments organoleptic indicators of quality and quantity of flower decorative production given for research, the expert checks conformity of this production to requirements of normative and technical documents. Requirements to quality of flower production are normalised by standards depending on production kind – cutf lowers, pottery blossoming plants, pottery decorative sheet plants, sprouts of flower decorative production, planting material, seeds of flower ornamental plants. At carrying out merchandising researches of flower decorative production, plants and saplings it’s necessary for merchandising experts to pay special attention on definition of quality indicators and a grade of plants according to standards, and also to consider data concerning age of a plant, novelty of a grade and origin country of production.

scholarly journals Approach towards classification of the types of legal responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Konstantin Evgenevich Shilekhin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the social relations in the context of bringing to legal responsibility, as well as normative legal acts and scientific literature that reflect such relations. The problem of classification of the types of legal responsibility is relevant in the context of substantiation of the autonomy of its individual types. The attempts to substantiate the autonomy of one or another type of legal responsibility entail the revision of the grounds for classification. The goal of this article consists in revealing the natural grounds for definition of the concept of “legal responsibility” to build consistent and exhaustive classification. The main conclusion lies in determination of the criterion for classification of the types of legal responsibility. Emphasis is placed on the social relations underlying the legal relations, namely legal relations in the area of bringing to legal responsibility. On the example of responsibility for committing tax fraud, the article demonstrates the failure of attempts to find qualification criteria on the basis of the normative legal acts outside the entirety of social relations. The article determines the close link between social relations in the economic sphere, as well as their impact upon legal relations emerging in the context of bringing to legal responsibility as a whole and administrative responsibility in particular.

The 4P Classification of the Marketing Mix Revisited

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter van Waterschoot ◽  
Christophe Van den Bulte
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Definition Of

McCarthy's 4P classification of the marketing mix instruments has received wide acceptance in past decades. In recent years, however, increasing criticism has been voiced, among other reasons because of its inherent negative definition of sales promotion and its lack of mutual exclusiveness and collective exhaustiveness. The authors evaluate the 4P classification against the criteria proposed by Hunt and present an improved classification.

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