SKILL MISMATCH PROBLEM AMONG RURAL WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083-2094
Author(s):  
E.V. Bocharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Skills Mismatch ◽  
The Impact

Existing mega-trends such as globalization, demographic change, rapid development of new technologies, changing work environment, development of ICT and the era of big data are leading to a growing gap in skills and competencies among present-day workers. “Skill mismatch” is an imbalance between skills and qualifications available in the labor market and those required in the workplace. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of skill mismatch; it examines in detail domestic and foreign approaches to assessing skills mismatch, the choice of which is due to the classification of data on the supply and demand of skills: subjective, empirical, normative and work assessment method. An area is highlighted that requires a comprehensive study of this issue, namely the impact of over-qualification and insufficient qualification for workers employed in rural areas. The methodological basis of the study is the materials of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the Population, conducted in 2018 by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). A survey of workers employed in rural areas of the country made it possible to correlate the existing level of qualifications and competencies with those required at the workplace. Awareness of the different types of skill mismatch, their interconnectedness, and different measurement issues enables policy decisions to be made to narrow the skill gap. The article attempts to analyze some of the types of mismatch that workers living in rural areas face, namely, “overeducation/undereducation”, “overskilling/underskilling”, “horizontal/field of study” mismatch. It is concluded that the skills of the labor force do not fully meet the rapidly changing needs of the economy, creating a serious barrier to the growth and development of the domestic economy.

scholarly journals NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlina Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The Impact

The extremely fast pace with which digital technologies are developing and their entry into the agricultural sector is changing the business environment, working conditions and the composition of the workforce. This in turn creates an opportunity to increase the efficiency of farms, while improving the economic and environmental sustainability of the sector and rural areas. The aim of this report is to examine the impact that the application of digital technologies in agribusiness has on employment in the sector, the emergence of new occupations and changes in working conditions, as well as to identify the challenges to human resource management in the digital environment. agriculture.

scholarly journals Does Energy Poverty Reduce Rural Labor Wages? Evidence From China’s Rural Household Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ping Wu ◽  
Wei-kang Zeng ◽  
Si-wen Gong ◽  
Zi-gui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Impact

Eliminating energy poverty is helpful to get rid of the vicious circle between the lack of adequate and affordable energy services and low income in rural areas. We deconstruct energy poverty into extensive energy poverty and intensive energy poverty and analyze the net effect and its heterogeneity of energy poverty on rural labor wages with micrometric methods, as well as further investigate the impact mechanism from education effect and health effect. The results show that both extensive energy poverty and intensive energy poverty have a significant negative effect on the wages of rural workers, and the marginal effect of extensive energy poverty on the wages of rural workers is lower than that of intensive energy poverty. In addition, the net effect of energy poverty on the wages of rural workers shows labor heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity, and the inhibition effect to low skilled workers and workers with middle wage and in the Western region is the most obvious. Furthermore, energy poverty will limit the access of rural workers to education and damage their health, and then inhibit their productivity and wage. Our results suggest that enhancing the accessibility of energy consumption in rural areas and reducing the incidence of energy poverty are critically essential, and the implementation and optimization of energy poverty alleviation policy should give full consideration to labor force heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Looking Up to the Stars. A Call for Action to Save New Zealand’s Dark Skies for Future Generations to Come

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13472
Author(s):  
Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska ◽  
Kyra Xavia
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of technology coupled with humanity’s desire to reach beyond terra firma, has resulted in more than 60 years of Outer Space activities. Although the exploration of space has provided many advantages and benefits to society so far, including vast, new information that has greatly added to our understanding of our planet and beyond, unfortunately, mankind’s footprint has negative aspects that need to be minimised as much as possible. In recent decades, a major worldwide problem has emerged in regard to the significant increase in light pollution from ground-based illuminations, as well as a lack of proper regulatory frameworks to mitigate the issue in order to protect the night sky and astronomical research. More recently, due to the escalating demand of air space for microsatellites and the rapid development of these new space technologies, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a new problem has arisen connected to visual light pollution (VLP). New Zealand has been especially affected, as, because of its dark skies, it has the third highest number of astronomical observatories in the world. The aim of this research is to identify critical areas for broader investigation; an action plan to improve the impact of new technologies is urgently required, not only at a national level but also worldwide. This is crucial in order to preserve humanity’s right to access the night sky and to also enable continual professional and amateur night-time observations for the present and the future, as well as for New Zealand to become a Dark Sky Nation.

scholarly journals Evidence on Human Exposure to Pesticides and the Occurrence of Health Hazards in the Brazilian Population: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Panis ◽  
Aedra Carla Bufalo Kawassaki ◽  
Ana Paula Jaqueline Crestani ◽  
Claudiceia Risso Pascotto ◽  
Durcelina Schiavoni Bortoloti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancer ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
The Impact

Brazil is among the biggest pesticide consumers in the world, with its population severely exposed to tons of such substances, both because of environmental contamination and occupational use. The health consequences of pesticide exposure are well-documented, but still sparse regarding Brazilian population. This study systematically reviewed the Brazilian studies published that address the relationship between exposure to pesticides and health problems in the Brazilian population. Also, information about pesticide use in Brazil is provided. The included studies showed that exposure to pesticides has a relevant impact on the health of the Brazilian population, regardless of age and gender, and on workers in rural areas or not. Most poisoning events seem to result from the continuous use of pesticides, whether occupationally or environmentally, characterizing a public health problem. The major consequences reported in literature were damage to the central nervous system, cancer, deleterious effects on rural workers' health, intoxications, malformations, and endocrine changes. These findings point out the need to understand the impact of chronic exposure to pesticides on severely exposed people and highlight the importance of creating public policies to protect them and avoid disease occurrence.

scholarly journals Adenoviral vector vaccine platforms in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Andrade Mendonça ◽  
Reka Lorincz ◽  
Paul Boucher ◽  
David T. Curiel
Keyword(s):  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Consideration

AbstractAdenoviral vectors have been explored as vaccine agents for a range of infectious diseases, and their ability to induce a potent and balanced immune response made them logical candidates to apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique molecular characteristics of these vectors enabled the rapid development of vaccines with advanced designs capable of overcoming the biological challenges faced by early adenoviral vector systems. These successes and the urgency of the COVID-19 situation have resulted in a flurry of candidate adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 from both academia and industry. These vaccines represent some of the lead candidates currently supported by Operation Warp Speed and other government agencies for rapid translational development. This review details adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines currently in human clinical trials and provides an overview of the new technologies employed in their design. As these vaccines have formed a cornerstone of the COVID-19 global vaccination campaign, this review provides a full consideration of the impact and development of this emerging platform.

Web-Based Distance Learning and the Second Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl Burgstahler
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Postal Mail

In no field have we witnessed a greater impact of emerging technologies than in that of distance learning. Correspondence courses using printed material and postal mail have been replaced by Web-based courses with the potential to make learning available to anyone, anywhere at anytime. This potential cannot be realized, however, unless two digital divides are eliminated. Some people are on the wrong side of the first “digital divide” between the technology “haves” and the technology “have-nots”. The benefits of technology are less available to those who are poor, who live in rural areas, who are members of minority racial or ethnic groups, and/or who have disabilities (Kaye, 2000; U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). Lack of access to new technologies limits their options for taking and teaching technology-based courses. This is true for individuals with disabilities, even though the rapid development of assistive technology makes it possible for an individual with almost any type of disability to operate a computer (2003 Closing the Gap Resource Directory, 2003). Unfortunately, many people with disabilities still do not have access to these empowering tools, putting them on the “have not” side of the first digital divide.

The Impact of Market Forces on Child Care Provision: Insights from the 2005 Child Care Act in the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOËLLE NOAILLY ◽  
SABINE VISSER
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Financing System ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article examines the impact of the introduction of market forces on child care provision in the Netherlands. In January 2005, the Dutch government introduced the Child Care Act, replacing the former financing system, which had elements of both supply- and demand-financing, with a fully demand-financing system. As a result, the provision of child care is now driven by market forces. Using data on the geographical location of child care facilities, this article compares the factors affecting the provision of child care in the Netherlands before and after the introduction of the Child Care Act. The results suggest that after the regulatory reform the provision of child care has shifted towards wealthy urbanised areas, characterised by high demand and high purchasing power. This shift has largely benefited for-profit providers particularly active in these markets. In parallel, the results indicate an important drop in child care provision by non-profit organisations, most pronounced in less wealthy rural areas. These findings suggest that the introduction of demand-financing may have implications for the accessibility of child care.

scholarly journals The impact of the digital revolution on the global economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 968-987
Author(s):  
Marsel Imamov ◽  
Natalia Semenikhina
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Today, the economy is undergoing serious changes based on new digital technologies and artificial intelligence, which has affected serious qualitative and structural shifts. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of new technologies on economic processes, the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid development of new technologies. The significance of the research is determined by the relevance of the topic of the work, as well as the importance of tracking the processes of the world economy. The authors conducted a study and revealed that the digital economy is influenced by trends in the use of modern technologies, described the consequences of these changes, as well as the possibility of preventing problems. Globalization, integration, acceleration of integration processes, industrialization, environmental, demographic and political factors of economic life around the world require balanced development of the national economy with special attention. This article examines the ways of economic development and the following consequences. Analysing the results, it can be noted that it is impossible to say unequivocally what can negatively or positively affect the development of the digital economy, because there is an unpredictability factor that needs to be constantly taken into account in research.

Web-Based Distance Learning and the Second Digital Divide

2005 ◽  
pp. 3079-3084
Author(s):  
Sheryl Burgstahler
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Postal Mail

In no field have we witnessed a greater impact of emerging technologies than in that of distance learning. Correspondence courses using printed material and postal mail have been replaced by Web-based courses with the potential to make learning available to anyone, anywhere at anytime. This potential cannot be realized, however, unless two digital divides are eliminated. Some people are on the wrong side of the first “digital divide” between the technology “haves” and the technology “have-nots”. The benefits of technology are less available to those who are poor, who live in rural areas, who are members of minority racial or ethnic groups, and/or who have disabilities (Kaye, 2000; U.S. Department of Commerce, 1999). Lack of access to new technologies limits their options for taking and teaching technology-based courses. This is true for individuals with disabilities, even though the rapid development of assistive technology makes it possible for an individual with almost any type of disability to operate a computer (2003 Closing the Gap Resource Directory, 2003). Unfortunately, many people with disabilities still do not have access to these empowering tools, putting them on the “have not” side of the first digital divide.

scholarly journals Determination of a Suitable Renewable Energy Source for Mini-Grid Business: A Risk-Based Multicriteria Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Eseoghene Ighravwe ◽  
Moses Olubayo Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Impact

The mini-grid proliferation has helped to improve the current state of electricity supply in several rural areas in developing countries. This is due to the innovations in renewable energy technologies. The impact of this development is the establishment of mini-grid business. There is a need for mini-grid business owners to identify the most suitable energy source for a particular area. To achieve this, proper analysis of risks that impact mini-grid business operations is required for optimal energy source selection. The current study addresses this problem by proposing a conceptual framework that considered risk factors. The conceptual framework analysed scenarios where expected risk values are specified and not specified by decision-makers. This was achieved using fuzzy axiomatic design (FAD), intuitionistic entropy method, and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods. The TOPSIS and FAD results were combined using WASPAS (weighted aggregated sum product assessment) method. The proposed conceptual framework was applied in sub-Sahara Africa, Lagos, Nigeria. During the application of the proposed framework, five renewable energy sources and thirteen types of risks were considered. Information from four decision-makers was used to demonstrate the applicability of the framework. The results obtained showed that unpredictable electricity demand and construction completion risks were identified as the least and most important risks for the selection of renewable energy sources for mini-grid, respectively. The FAD and TOPSIS methods identified wind and biomass energy as the best-ranked energy source for mini-grid business, respectively. The WASPAS method and the FAD results were the same.

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