scholarly journals Adenoviral vector vaccine platforms in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Andrade Mendonça ◽  
Reka Lorincz ◽  
Paul Boucher ◽  
David T. Curiel
Keyword(s):  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Consideration

AbstractAdenoviral vectors have been explored as vaccine agents for a range of infectious diseases, and their ability to induce a potent and balanced immune response made them logical candidates to apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique molecular characteristics of these vectors enabled the rapid development of vaccines with advanced designs capable of overcoming the biological challenges faced by early adenoviral vector systems. These successes and the urgency of the COVID-19 situation have resulted in a flurry of candidate adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 from both academia and industry. These vaccines represent some of the lead candidates currently supported by Operation Warp Speed and other government agencies for rapid translational development. This review details adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines currently in human clinical trials and provides an overview of the new technologies employed in their design. As these vaccines have formed a cornerstone of the COVID-19 global vaccination campaign, this review provides a full consideration of the impact and development of this emerging platform.

scholarly journals Looking Up to the Stars. A Call for Action to Save New Zealand’s Dark Skies for Future Generations to Come

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13472
Author(s):  
Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska ◽  
Kyra Xavia
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of technology coupled with humanity’s desire to reach beyond terra firma, has resulted in more than 60 years of Outer Space activities. Although the exploration of space has provided many advantages and benefits to society so far, including vast, new information that has greatly added to our understanding of our planet and beyond, unfortunately, mankind’s footprint has negative aspects that need to be minimised as much as possible. In recent decades, a major worldwide problem has emerged in regard to the significant increase in light pollution from ground-based illuminations, as well as a lack of proper regulatory frameworks to mitigate the issue in order to protect the night sky and astronomical research. More recently, due to the escalating demand of air space for microsatellites and the rapid development of these new space technologies, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a new problem has arisen connected to visual light pollution (VLP). New Zealand has been especially affected, as, because of its dark skies, it has the third highest number of astronomical observatories in the world. The aim of this research is to identify critical areas for broader investigation; an action plan to improve the impact of new technologies is urgently required, not only at a national level but also worldwide. This is crucial in order to preserve humanity’s right to access the night sky and to also enable continual professional and amateur night-time observations for the present and the future, as well as for New Zealand to become a Dark Sky Nation.

scholarly journals Early Dissemination of Circulating Tumor Cells: Biological and Clinical Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chemi ◽  
Sumitra Mohan ◽  
Tatiana Guevara ◽  
Alexandra Clipson ◽  
Dominic G. Rothwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Disease Relapse ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
The Impact

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a causal role in the development of metastasis, the major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In the past decade, the development of powerful cellular and molecular technologies has led to a better understanding of the molecular characteristics and timing of dissemination of CTCs during cancer progression. For instance, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of CTCs, at the single cell level, has shown that CTCs are heterogenous, disseminate early and could represent only a minor subpopulation of the primary tumor responsible for disease relapse. While the impact of molecular profiling of CTCs has not yet been translated to the clinic, CTC enumeration has been widely used as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment response and to predict disease relapse. However, previous studies have revealed a major challenge: the low abundance of CTCs in the bloodstream of patients with cancer, especially in early stage disease where the identification and characterization of subsequently “lethal” cells has potentially the greatest clinical relevance. The CTC field is rapidly evolving with development of new technologies to improve the sensitivity of CTC detection, enumeration, isolation, and molecular profiling. Here we examine the technical and analytical validity of CTC technologies, we summarize current data on the biology of CTCs that disseminate early and review CTC-based clinical applications.

scholarly journals The impact of the digital revolution on the global economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 968-987
Author(s):  
Marsel Imamov ◽  
Natalia Semenikhina
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Today, the economy is undergoing serious changes based on new digital technologies and artificial intelligence, which has affected serious qualitative and structural shifts. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of new technologies on economic processes, the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid development of new technologies. The significance of the research is determined by the relevance of the topic of the work, as well as the importance of tracking the processes of the world economy. The authors conducted a study and revealed that the digital economy is influenced by trends in the use of modern technologies, described the consequences of these changes, as well as the possibility of preventing problems. Globalization, integration, acceleration of integration processes, industrialization, environmental, demographic and political factors of economic life around the world require balanced development of the national economy with special attention. This article examines the ways of economic development and the following consequences. Analysing the results, it can be noted that it is impossible to say unequivocally what can negatively or positively affect the development of the digital economy, because there is an unpredictability factor that needs to be constantly taken into account in research.

scholarly journals Adenoviral Vectors Meet Gene Editing: A Rising Partnership for the Genomic Engineering of Human Stem Cells and Their Progeny

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tasca ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Manuel A.F.V. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Gene editing permits changing specific DNA sequences within the vast genomes of human cells. Stem cells are particularly attractive targets for gene editing interventions as their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities consent studying cellular differentiation processes, screening small-molecule drugs, modeling human disorders, and testing regenerative medicines. To integrate gene editing and stem cell technologies, there is a critical need for achieving efficient delivery of the necessary molecular tools in the form of programmable DNA-targeting enzymes and/or exogenous nucleic acid templates. Moreover, the impact that the delivery agents themselves have on the performance and precision of gene editing procedures is yet another critical parameter to consider. Viral vectors consisting of recombinant replication-defective viruses are under intense investigation for bringing about efficient gene-editing tool delivery and precise gene-editing in human cells. In this review, we focus on the growing role that adenoviral vectors are playing in the targeted genetic manipulation of human stem cells, progenitor cells, and their differentiated progenies in the context of in vitro and ex vivo protocols. As preamble, we provide an overview on the main gene editing principles and adenoviral vector platforms and end by discussing the possibilities ahead resulting from leveraging adenoviral vector, gene editing, and stem cell technologies.

scholarly journals LEGALIZATION OF THE CRYPTO CURRENCY MARKET: OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat R. Safiullin ◽  
Leonid A. Elshin ◽  
Aliya A. Abdukaeva
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Currency Market ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Landscape

Today there is a profound transformation of the traditional money and finance world. Innovations in the financial sector, new technologies, tools and systems entail serious and profound changes in the financial institutions that are familiar to us. One of the most important stages of these transformation processes was the emergence of crypto currencies, accompanied by the rapid development of related technologies and the lack of a clear picture of the future landscape of ecosystems.The search for scientifically grounded mechanisms that reveal the specific features of the impact of the crypto currency market legalization processes on national economic systems contributes significantly to an understanding and objective perception of the prospects for their development. This paper is devoted to solving this problem. The object of the study is the global crypto currency market, which forms the institutional and conjunctural parameters of the national economic systems development. As the subject of the study is the process of designing and scientific and methodological justification of the prospects, opportunities and risks of the development of the national economy formed as a result of the legalization of the crypto currency market.As a result of the conducted studies and implemented assessments, scientifically grounded hypotheses on the influence of the "digital money" legalization mechanisms on key macroeconomic processes have been formed

Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-256
Author(s):  
Jagjeet Lally
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion

By the latter decades of the nineteenth century, caravan trade first showed signs of growth before entering a period of decline and reorientation. This chapter evaluates the causes of the relative and absolute decline of trade, focusing on productive and transport technologies (including railways, steamships and telegraph lines), the rapid development and diffusion of which were the hallmarks of the era of the New Imperialism. The impact of technological change was ambivalent, with the modern nowhere supplanting more archaic motilities; instead, the existing pattern of trade was undermined where new technologies interacted with wider economic changes, particularly the institution of protectionism in Russian Central Asia. This is examined by returning to three of the most important commodities flowing through the networks of caravan trade: indigo, silk and textiles.

SKILL MISMATCH PROBLEM AMONG RURAL WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083-2094
Author(s):  
E.V. Bocharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Skills Mismatch ◽  
The Impact

Existing mega-trends such as globalization, demographic change, rapid development of new technologies, changing work environment, development of ICT and the era of big data are leading to a growing gap in skills and competencies among present-day workers. “Skill mismatch” is an imbalance between skills and qualifications available in the labor market and those required in the workplace. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of skill mismatch; it examines in detail domestic and foreign approaches to assessing skills mismatch, the choice of which is due to the classification of data on the supply and demand of skills: subjective, empirical, normative and work assessment method. An area is highlighted that requires a comprehensive study of this issue, namely the impact of over-qualification and insufficient qualification for workers employed in rural areas. The methodological basis of the study is the materials of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the Population, conducted in 2018 by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). A survey of workers employed in rural areas of the country made it possible to correlate the existing level of qualifications and competencies with those required at the workplace. Awareness of the different types of skill mismatch, their interconnectedness, and different measurement issues enables policy decisions to be made to narrow the skill gap. The article attempts to analyze some of the types of mismatch that workers living in rural areas face, namely, “overeducation/undereducation”, “overskilling/underskilling”, “horizontal/field of study” mismatch. It is concluded that the skills of the labor force do not fully meet the rapidly changing needs of the economy, creating a serious barrier to the growth and development of the domestic economy.

scholarly journals Pitfalls at Chemistry of Adenoviral Vector Vaccine against COVID-19 and how to Circumvent It.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Zinc Chelator ◽  
First Time

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is an adenovirus vector vaccine that designed to provoke immunity against SARS-CoV-2. EDTA is a very potent zinc chelator which is used commonly in protein interaction studies. Exposure to EDTA even in lower concentrations may cause extreme stripping of zinc from many proteins, in-cluding zinc-binding proteins that described as a component of the largest and most complex gene superfamily in metazoans and the most common class of transcription factors. The zinc dissociation rates can vary greatly among these proteins. Another issue is the adenovirus in the vaccine. It can induce thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious complication of gene therapy protocols using this type of vector.PEGylation already induced significantly lower serum il-6 levels by 70% .We noted that the study by Katie et al studied immune response by a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 not included test of Il-6 (15)We conclude from previous studies that the PEGylating of adenoviral vectors can be promise tech-nology as safety profile as significantly reduced IL-6 and liver toxicity and how avoiding the pitfalls of chemistry and virology so the PEGylation since first time at 1999 introduced by O’Riordan,C.R et al (16) need more advancements

scholarly journals Adenoviral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines: Process and Cost Analysis

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Neal F. Gordon ◽  
Rick Stock ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Viral Production ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Disposable Equipment

The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated the rapid development of numerous vaccines that have proven effective against SARS-CoV-2. Several of these successful vaccines are based on the adenoviral vector platform. The mass manufacturing of these vaccines poses great challenges, especially in the context of a pandemic where extremely large quantities must be produced quickly at an affordable cost. In this work, two baseline processes for the production of a COVID-19 adenoviral vector vaccine, B1 and P1, were designed, simulated and economically evaluated with the aid of the software SuperPro Designer. B1 used a batch cell culture viral production step, with a viral titer of 5 × 1010 viral particles (VP)/mL in both stainless-steel and disposable equipment. P1 used a perfusion cell culture viral production step, with a viral titer of 1 × 1012 VP/mL in exclusively disposable equipment. Both processes were sized to produce 400 M/yr vaccine doses. P1 led to a smaller cost per dose than B1 ($0.15 vs. $0.23) and required a much smaller capital investment ($126 M vs. $299 M). The media and facility-dependent expenses were found to be the main contributors to the operating cost. The results indicate that adenoviral vector vaccines can be practically manufactured at large scale and low cost.

Research on behavior recognition based on feature fusion of automatic coder and recurrent neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8927-8935
Author(s):  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Dawei Yun ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Behavior Recognition ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Under the impact of COVID-19, research on behavior recognition are highly needed. In this paper, we combine the algorithm of self-adaptive coder and recurrent neural network to realize the research of behavior pattern recognition. At present, most of the research of human behavior recognition is focused on the video data, which is based on the video number. At the same time, due to the complexity of video image data, it is easy to violate personal privacy. With the rapid development of Internet of things technology, it has attracted the attention of a large number of experts and scholars. Researchers have tried to use many machine learning methods, such as random forest, support vector machine and other shallow learning methods, which perform well in the laboratory environment, but there is still a long way to go from practical application. In this paper, a recursive neural network algorithm based on long and short term memory (LSTM) is proposed to realize the recognition of behavior patterns, so as to improve the accuracy of human activity behavior recognition.

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