scholarly journals Evidence on Human Exposure to Pesticides and the Occurrence of Health Hazards in the Brazilian Population: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Panis ◽  
Aedra Carla Bufalo Kawassaki ◽  
Ana Paula Jaqueline Crestani ◽  
Claudiceia Risso Pascotto ◽  
Durcelina Schiavoni Bortoloti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancer ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
The Impact

Brazil is among the biggest pesticide consumers in the world, with its population severely exposed to tons of such substances, both because of environmental contamination and occupational use. The health consequences of pesticide exposure are well-documented, but still sparse regarding Brazilian population. This study systematically reviewed the Brazilian studies published that address the relationship between exposure to pesticides and health problems in the Brazilian population. Also, information about pesticide use in Brazil is provided. The included studies showed that exposure to pesticides has a relevant impact on the health of the Brazilian population, regardless of age and gender, and on workers in rural areas or not. Most poisoning events seem to result from the continuous use of pesticides, whether occupationally or environmentally, characterizing a public health problem. The major consequences reported in literature were damage to the central nervous system, cancer, deleterious effects on rural workers' health, intoxications, malformations, and endocrine changes. These findings point out the need to understand the impact of chronic exposure to pesticides on severely exposed people and highlight the importance of creating public policies to protect them and avoid disease occurrence.

scholarly journals Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of sexual dysfunction modified scale in multiple sclerosis for Brazilian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Ataíde Peres da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Sciascia do Olival ◽  
Lívia Palma Stievano ◽  
Vania Balardin Toller ◽  
Sergio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). These patients suffer from various comorbidities, including sexual dysfunction (SD). The lesions of MS may affect regions of the CNS along the pathway of sexual response. The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19) is a scale that assesses sexual dysfunction. Adapt and validate the MSISQ-19 to Brazilian patients with MS. 204 individuals were evaluated, 134 patients with MS and 70 healthy persons for the control group. It was determined reproducibility, validity, internal consistency and sensitivity of the MSISQ-19-BR. Among patients with MS, 54.3% of male and 71.7% of female presented some kind of SD. In the control group the results were 12.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The MSISQ-19-BR is reproducible, reliable and valid for the Brazilian population and may be used as a tool for assessing the impact of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Progress in Research on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causing Neurological Diseases and Its Infection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lintao Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Ren ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Yanjie Han ◽  
Wenqiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Great Harm

COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide since its outbreak and has now become a major public health problem. More and more evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may not only affect the respiratory system but also cause great harm to the central nervous system. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore in-depth the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the nervous system. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 invading the central nervous system during COVID-19, and the neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed.

scholarly journals Does Energy Poverty Reduce Rural Labor Wages? Evidence From China’s Rural Household Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-ping Wu ◽  
Wei-kang Zeng ◽  
Si-wen Gong ◽  
Zi-gui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Impact

Eliminating energy poverty is helpful to get rid of the vicious circle between the lack of adequate and affordable energy services and low income in rural areas. We deconstruct energy poverty into extensive energy poverty and intensive energy poverty and analyze the net effect and its heterogeneity of energy poverty on rural labor wages with micrometric methods, as well as further investigate the impact mechanism from education effect and health effect. The results show that both extensive energy poverty and intensive energy poverty have a significant negative effect on the wages of rural workers, and the marginal effect of extensive energy poverty on the wages of rural workers is lower than that of intensive energy poverty. In addition, the net effect of energy poverty on the wages of rural workers shows labor heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity, and the inhibition effect to low skilled workers and workers with middle wage and in the Western region is the most obvious. Furthermore, energy poverty will limit the access of rural workers to education and damage their health, and then inhibit their productivity and wage. Our results suggest that enhancing the accessibility of energy consumption in rural areas and reducing the incidence of energy poverty are critically essential, and the implementation and optimization of energy poverty alleviation policy should give full consideration to labor force heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chronic Neurological Disorders: Focus on Patients with Dementia

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Barbieri ◽  
Gianluca Bagnato ◽  
Carmelo Ioppolo ◽  
Antonio Giovanni Versace ◽  
Natasha Irrera
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) represents a public health problem worldwide. COVID-19 triggers a maladaptive cytokine release commonly referred to as cytokine storm syndrome with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which also appears to contribute to chronic neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders’ appearance, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 might enter the central nervous system through binding with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors which are highly expressed in glial cells and neurons. For this reason, an association between COVID-19, its dependent cytokine storm, and the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative disorders might be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurodegenerative disorders focusing on the possible increased mortality risk and/or deterioration of clinical course of pre-existing chronic neurological diseases in patients with dementia.

scholarly journals Contribution of “Box Saving” in Alleviating of Women’s Poverty and Food Insecurity: A Case of Rural Areas of Upper West Region of Ghana.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4615-4626
Author(s):  
Bibiana Koglinuu Batinge
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Female Child ◽  
West Region ◽  
Long Run ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Children Education ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Poguba Dagar Susu Langmo- Women’s Box Savings Groups (WBSGs), is a self-help financial tool capable of reducing women poverty and food insecurity in the rural areas of the Upper West Region of Ghana. A survey methodology is used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 120 respondents in ten villages, who are all members of WBSGs. The paper establishes that, all the women who participate in WBSGs are able to feed their households at least one meal day, which was not possible.  This article confirms that, most of the women could meet their daily basic needs and even effort for their wards school fees. The findings reveal that, though WBSGs is an effective micro-financial tool, they can never purchase any productive assets such as land or cattle to serve as future collateral. The paper concluded that, chauvinism and gender part obligation for which the reproductive effort inside the home is to womanhood and the main income realizing obligation to menfolk should be scrapped, and recommend that, the long-run solution to this chronic poverty and cyclical food shortage in the area, is to intensify all children education, especially the female child

Demographics and Saving Behavior of Households in Rural Areas of Vietnam: An Empirical Analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Minh Nguyen Thi ◽  
Nhat Nguyen Hong ◽  
Anh Trinh Trong ◽  
Duc Phung Minh ◽  
Son Le Thai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
Life Cycle Theory ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the saving behavior of rural households in Vietnam from two aspects: volume of savings and methods of saving. Two econometric models are conducted, the first one is a panel data model, used to examine the determinants of household saving; and the second one is a multinomial logit model used to investigate how a household chooses the way to save. Both models are based on the life cycle theory of saving and the permanent income hypothesis. We find that the household head’s age, education and gender are closely related to their saving behavior. And the impact of these variables takes different patterns between the two models. The results are useful for further research in forecasting household savings as well as in micro finance to find a better way of serving people who live in rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia Stratified by Age and Gender in Rural India

Anemia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Praveen K. Naik ◽  
Manoranjan Midde ◽  
Pradeep S. Yalla ◽  
Raghavakalyan Pakam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Health Programmes

Anaemia is a major public health problem in India. Although nearly three quarters of the Indian population live in rural areas, the epidemiology of anaemia in rural settings is not well known. We performed a retrospective observational study using routine clinical data from patients attending the out-patient clinics of a rural hospital in India from June 2011 to August 2014. The study included 73,795 determinations of haemoglobin. 49.5% of patients were female. The median haemoglobin concentration was 11.3 g/dL (interquartile range (IQR), 9.8–12.4) in females and 12.5 g/dL (IQR, 10.6–14.2) in males. Anaemia was present in the majority of children <10 years, women after puberty, and older adults. Children <5 years had the highest prevalence of anaemia, especially children aged 1-2 years. The high proportion of microcytic anaemia and the fact that gender differences were only seen after the menarche period in women suggest that iron deficiency was the main cause of anaemia. However, the prevalence of normocytic anaemia increased with age. The results of this study can be used by public health programmes to design target interventions aimed at reducing the huge burden of anaemia in India. Further studies are needed to clarify the aetiology of anaemia among older adults.

SKILL MISMATCH PROBLEM AMONG RURAL WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2083-2094
Author(s):  
E.V. Bocharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Skills Mismatch ◽  
The Impact

Existing mega-trends such as globalization, demographic change, rapid development of new technologies, changing work environment, development of ICT and the era of big data are leading to a growing gap in skills and competencies among present-day workers. “Skill mismatch” is an imbalance between skills and qualifications available in the labor market and those required in the workplace. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on the problem of skill mismatch; it examines in detail domestic and foreign approaches to assessing skills mismatch, the choice of which is due to the classification of data on the supply and demand of skills: subjective, empirical, normative and work assessment method. An area is highlighted that requires a comprehensive study of this issue, namely the impact of over-qualification and insufficient qualification for workers employed in rural areas. The methodological basis of the study is the materials of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of the Population, conducted in 2018 by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). A survey of workers employed in rural areas of the country made it possible to correlate the existing level of qualifications and competencies with those required at the workplace. Awareness of the different types of skill mismatch, their interconnectedness, and different measurement issues enables policy decisions to be made to narrow the skill gap. The article attempts to analyze some of the types of mismatch that workers living in rural areas face, namely, “overeducation/undereducation”, “overskilling/underskilling”, “horizontal/field of study” mismatch. It is concluded that the skills of the labor force do not fully meet the rapidly changing needs of the economy, creating a serious barrier to the growth and development of the domestic economy.

scholarly journals Targeting mailed nicotine patch distribution interventions to rural regions of Canada: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Cunningham ◽  
Michael Chaiton ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Alexandra Godinho ◽  
Christina Schell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Quitting smoking is the most effective way of reducing the risk of cancer among smokers. One way of helping people stop smoking is to provide them with free Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), such as when NRT is sent to people by postal mail as part of a mass distribution initiative. Our previous research indicated that there may be a substantial impact on increasing quit rates of a mailed NRT intervention in rural areas. The current research seeks to confirm this finding and to understand the social determinants of health driving these anticipated large effects. Methods/design Telephone numbers will be randomly selected from across rural regions of Canada in order to recruit adult smokers interested in completing a smoking survey and willing to be interviewed again in 6 months. The survey will ask participants about their smoking history, demographic characteristics, and a hypothetical question: would they be interested in receiving nicotine patches if they were provided to them free of charge? Half of the smokers interested in receiving nicotine patches will be selected by chance and offered the NRT package. The other half of smokers will not be offered the nicotine patches. In addition, the municipality where each participant lives will be identified and, once the relevant general population data becomes available, attempts will be made to link participant data to relevant municipal characteristics (e.g., smoking rates, availability of health services). Characteristics of the participants and the municipalities in which they live will be used to explain why the nicotine patch intervention may have a larger impact in some rural regions compared to others. Discussion The findings from the proposed RCT are timely and of high relevance as the distribution of nicotine patches has substantial potential to combat the public health problem of cigarette related cancer, other diseases, and premature death from tobacco use. Targeting such tobacco cessation initiatives to rural regions may substantially increase the impact of this intervention, helping to optimize the use of limited prevention resources while aiming to save the maximum number of lives. Clinical trials registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04606797, October, 27, 2020.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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