Estimation of the initial material of meadow clover for create the new early-maturing variety Pochinkovets

In the breeding nurseries and also in the competitive variety trial, the initial material of the meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) of the double-cut diploid was tested. The aim of the research is to select the most economically useful cultivars and create a new early-maturing variety. In the selection was used free pollination method, free and limited pollination method, mass and individual selection, polycross. Research was done from 2009 to 2014 in a laboratory and breeding crop rotation in the Smolensk State Agricultural Experimental Station named after A.N. Engelhardt. Methods of research are widespread. Clover was grown on sod-medium podzolic light loamy soil in contrasting weather conditions of the growing season. Methods of cultivation were typical for the Smolensk region. From 2011 to 2014, the best selective number was the S-434. It is early-maturing (period from spring growth till first cutting is shorter than that of the standard for 5…7 days; till seeds ripening – for 8…10 days), has high winter hardiness (97,4%, or +5,5% to standard), green mass yield for two cuttings – 69,8 t/ha (+25,5% to standard), forage productivity of 17,3 t/ha of air-dry matter (+26,3% to standard), seed yield of 330 kg/ha (+17,9% to standard). The crude protein content was 17,3% of dry matter (more than in the control by 1,3%). Growing of selective number S-434 on seeds is 8% more profitable. Selective number S-434 is named Pochinkovets. In 2018 he was registered in the State Register of Selection Achievements.

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Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1104563m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1563-1569

Author(s):

J. Markovic ◽

R. Strbanovic ◽

D. Terzic ◽

R. Stanisavljevic ◽

D. Djokic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Net Energy ◽

The Third ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Feed Value ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

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Yield and forage quality of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars in the lowland and the mountain regions

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4049-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 391-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Leto ◽

M. Knežević ◽

K. Bošnjak ◽

D. Maćešić ◽

Z. Štafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Stem Height ◽

Green Mass ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Trifolium Pratense L

Six Trifolium pratense L. cultivars, five diploid and one tetraploid, were grown in the lowland region (123 m altitude) and the mountain region (650 m altitude). Dry matter (d.m.) and green mass (g.m.) yield, stem height and leaf proportion were assessed from each of the three growing seasons. Chemical composition was assessed from the average samples of all cuts in the second year of the experiment. Greater green mass (54.14 t/ha) and dry matter yield (9.86 t/ha), stem height (0.61 m), crude protein (157.6 g/kg), crude fiber (222.9 g/kg), crude ash (100.68 g/kg) and crude fat (30.09 g/kg) content were observed in the mountain region, compared to the lowland region (45.61 t/ha g.m. 8.92 t/ha d.m. 0.59 stem height, 156.38 g/kg crude protein, 216.6 g/kg crude fiber, 94.85 g/kg crude ash, 24.98 g/kg crude fat). The greater leaf proportion (47.2%) and nitrogen free extract content (420.13 g/kg) were observed in the lowland region compared to the mountain region (42.95% and 402.99 g/kg, respectively). A significant location × cultivar interaction was found for all investigated parameters except for leaf proportion. 

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Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.69781 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eeva Arja Mustonen ◽

Mikko Tuori ◽

Päivi Kurki ◽

Mika Isolahti ◽

Juhani Taponen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Biochanin A ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Isoflavone Content ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Time Of Harvest

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the predominant legume used in northern European agriculture. Official red clover variety trials are conducted by Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) to determine the value of field crop varieties. The trials used for the current analysis were conducted in Luke units in southern Finland (Mikkeli) and northern Finland (Ruukki) in two consecutive years. Plant samples for isoflavone analyses were collected from four varieties grown as four replicates and harvested twice during both growing seasons. The four main isoflavones biochanin A, genistein, daidzein and formononetin were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total phytoestrogen content in the varieties varied in the range of 11.2−14.8 mg g-1 dry matter (DM). The variety and the time of harvest had most effect on the isoflavone, especially formononetin, contents of red clover. A more northern growing area and challenging weather conditions were associated with increased isoflavone concentrations.

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New variety of white clover — “Izumrud”

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2019.2019.38416 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

О. Тимошкина ◽

О. Тимошкин

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

High Resistance ◽

White Clover ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Forage Production ◽

New Variety ◽

Variety Trial ◽

Green Mass ◽

Trifolium Repens L

Исследования выполнены в Пензенской области в 2014 2018 годах. Клевер ползучий (Trifolium repens L.) многолетнее травянистое растение, которое можно использовать для коренного улучшения состояния лугов и пастбищ. Цель селекционной работы с клевером ползучим в Пензенском НИИСХ создание сорта с урожайностью зелёной массы 14 16 т/га, устойчивой семенной продуктивностью (150 250 кг/га), выдерживающего трёхчетырёхкратное стравливание или скашивание, переносящего кратковременную засуху, пригодного к механизированной уборке семян. Представлена характеристика нового сорта клевера ползучего Изумруд, переданного в 2018 году на государственное сортоиспытание. Метеорологические условия отличались по годам исследования, что позволило достаточно полно оценить перспективность сортобразца. По результатам трёх циклов конкурсного испытания (2015 2017 годы) урожайность зелёной массы нового сорта Изумруд составила 19,48 т/га, сбор сухого вещества 4,34 т/га, урожайность семян 151 кг/га, что на 13,7, 18,4 и 18,9 выше стандарта ВИК 70 соответственно. Содержание сырого протеина в сухом веществе составило 22,4 26,9, клетчатки не превышало 27 31. Повреждаемость вредителями слабая, поражаемость бурой пятнистостью и мозаикой клевера ползучего слабая, ниже стандартного сорта. Сорт высокоустойчив к корневым гнилям, раку клевера, аскохитозу. Сорт Изумруд пригоден к механизированной уборке семян. Высокая засухоустойчивость (5 баллов) и зимостойкость (96 100) нового сорта позволяет рекомендовать его для сенокосного и пастбищного использования во всех зонах распространения культуры. Экономический эффект при использовании на кормовые цели составляет 11,2 тыс. руб./га, на семена 7,2 тыс. руб./га. The investigation took place in the Penza region in 2014 2018. Breeding of a new white clover variety aimed at the development of a genotype that had green mass productivity of 14 16 t ha1, stable seed yield of 150 250 kg ha1, high resistance to triple or quadruple cutting, shorttime drought and automized harvesting. This paper gives the description of white clover Izumrud that was sent to the State variety trial in 2018. The variety was tested under the different weather conditions. Three years of the competitive variety trial (2015 2017) showed that its green mass productivity amounted to 19.48 t ha1, dry matter (DM) content 4.34 t ha1, seed yield 151 kg ha1, exceeding the standard variety (VIK 70) by 13.7, 18.4 and 18.9, respectively. Crude protein content was 22.4 26.9, fiber up to 27 31. Izumrud also exceeded VIK 70 in tolerance to pests, Pseudopeziza trifolii and mosaic virus. The variety had high resistance to root rot, clover wilt and Ascochyta leaf spot. It tolerated automized harvesting, drought and cold and was recommended for farm cultivation. Its economic efficiency amounted to 11.2 thousand RUB ha1 under forage production and 7.2 thousand RUB ha1 under seed production.

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Growth and development of domesticated and wild genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the Middle Urals

Кормопроизводство ◽

10.25685/krm.2021.2021.2.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

В.А. Волошин

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Middle Urals ◽

Wild Genotype ◽

Flowering Pattern ◽

Green Mass ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Stable Yield

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки 11 сортов клевера лугового и одного образца-дикороса, проведённой в Пермском НИИ сельского хозяйства в 2018–2019 годах. Все селекционные сорта сформировали полноценные первый и второй укосы или отаву в оба года использования. Дикорастущая форма формировала только один укос, демонстрируя особенность позднеспелого одноукосного типа. Сорта Кретуновский и Ранний 2 показали себя как типичные раннеспелые двухукосные. Другие сорта занимали промежуточное положение. Наибольший сбор сухого вещества обеспечивал образец-дикорос в оба года при крайне различных погодных условиях (1,266 и 1,259 кг/м2 соответственно). Дикорастущая форма и сорт Ранний 2 обеспечивали стабильные урожаи зелёной массы и сухого вещества независимо от возраста и погодных условий. Образец дикорастущего клевера имел более однородный фенотип по сравнению с сортом Пермский местный — стандартом для позднеспелого типа, что указывает на большую генетическую однородность. Согласно всесторонней оценке, включающей степень перезимовки, урожайность зелёной и сухой массы, характер цветения, созревания, формирования и конечный урожай семян, образец-дикорос имеет отличительные признаки позднеспелого (одноукосного) типа и может использоваться в качестве исходного генетического материала для дальнейшей селекции позднеспелых одноукосных сортов клевера лугового, характеризующихся экономически ценными свойствами: высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, высокой и стабильной урожайностью зелёной массы и семян. Исследования будут продолжены с оценкой ряда образцов дикорастущих форм клевера лугового, обнаруженных в 2019 году в природных биоценозах Пермского края. This article deals with the competitive trial of 11 varieties and 1 wild genotype of red clover conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2019. All the varieties provided good yields of green mass both in the first and second cuts. Wild genotype provided only one cut as long-season one-cut type. “Kretunovskiy” and “Ranniy 2” performed as typical short-season two-cut varieties. Wild genotype produced the highest yield of dry matter (DM) under contrast weather conditions (1.266 and 1.259 kg/m2, respectively). Wild genotype and “Ranniy 2” formed stable yields of green mass and DM regardless of time period and weather. Wild genotype showed homogeneous phenotype compared to “Permskiy mestnyy” — long-season standard variety indicating high genetic uniformity. Such traits as winter hardiness, green and dry mass yields, flowering pattern, seed maturation, formation and production were evaluated. According to this evaluation wild genotype performed as long-season (one-cut) type showing high resistance to unfavorable conditions, high and stable yield of green mass and seeds. Therefore, it can be used a source of economically important traits for future breeding programs of red clover. Further investigations will focus on the evaluation of wild genotypes of red clover found in the Perm region in 2019.

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Forage yield and persistence of red clover progenies in two environments

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000300005 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 447-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Portella Montardo ◽

Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽

Nilton Rodrigues Paim

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Winter Period ◽

Forage Production ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Physiographic Regions

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most important temperate legume species, used to lessen the lack of forage during the critical fall-winter period in Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil. However, its utilization has been restricted mainly because of its lack of persistence. This work evaluates the dry matter yield and persistence of red clover half-sib progenies in two physiographic regions of RS: "Depressão Central", in Eldorado do Sul and "Encosta Superior do Nordeste", in Veranópolis. Experiments were carried out for two growing seasons and results were compared to two red clover commercial checks, Qüiñequeli and Estanzuela 116. The region of Veranópolis was more adequate for red clover forage production, enabling better yield and persistence. The best check for both locations was cultivar Estanzuela 116. At Eldorado do Sul persistence was highly affected and some progenies were superior to the best check. At Veranópolis the best check was very productive, with good persistence. The best progenies at both locations were selected to be propagated and submitted to additional recurrent selection cycles.

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American hybrid maize for silage in the south of England Part I. The yield and composition with special reference to plant population and nitrogenous fertilizer

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600046888 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 282-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. E. Castle ◽

A. S. Foot ◽

S. J. Rowland

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

The South ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽

Established Plant ◽

Hybrid Maize

For three consecutive years American hybrid maize was grown, under replicated experimental conditions, in the south of England. Each season, the influence of the spacing of the plants and the use of nitrogenous fertilizer on the yield and composition of the crop and of its separate portions of leaf, stem and cob was investigated.The growth of the maize, and especially its yield of dry matter, were influenced by the weather conditions during the season. The weight of fresh crop varied, with season and treatment, from 126 to 278 (averaging 209), and of dry matter from 20 to 70 (averaging 50) cwt./acre.Thinning below the established plant populations of up to 30,000 plants per acre regularly reduced these yields. Top-dressing with sulphate of ammonia increased them in 1947 and 1949, but decreased them in 1948.The yield of crude protein varied from 2.2 to 5.0, and of soluble carbohydrates from 12 to 46 cwt./acre. The top-dressing increased the protein content of all portions of the plant.The cob contributed, on a weight basis, 46% of the fresh crop, 49% of its dry matter, 54% of its crude protein and 54% of its soluble carbohydrates. Details are given of the chemical composition of the whole plant, and of its separate leaf, cob and stem, for each season and treatment.A later paper will deal with the making of silage from the maize crops and with the yield, composition and nutritive value of the silage.

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CULTIVAR-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN RED CLOVER

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-017 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. M. CHOO ◽

N. N. COULSON ◽

J. E. LANGILLE ◽

A. F. RAYMENT ◽

J. S. BUBAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

The Other ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Population Average ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Yield Difference ◽

Interaction Variance

The performance of nine double-cut and three single-cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars was studied at five locations in Atlantic Canada. The single-cut clovers survived relatively well at all locations while the double-cut clovers did not survive well at one location during the first winter. An analysis of data for total dry-matter yield from five environments, i.e., location-year combinations, showed that the single-cut clovers outyielded the double-cut clovers in Newfoundland but yielded lower at the other locations. Among the double-cut cultivars, Florex, Lakeland, Tapiopoly, and Violetta were found to be desirable cultivars because they had a high mean yield and did not yield lower than the population average at any of the five environments. A large cultivar-environment interaction variance was detected for the double-cut cultivars; therefore, at least 15 test environments are required in future trials in order to detect a yield difference of 6% by multiple comparison procedures.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., stability

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The effect of cultivar on the changes in protein quality during wilting and ensiling of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859612000597 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 151 (4) ◽

pp. 506-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽

N. WEIHER ◽

J. THAYSEN ◽

R. LOGES ◽

F. TAUBE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Protein Quality ◽

Red Clover ◽

Field Studies ◽

Protein Nitrogen ◽

Trifolium Pratense L ◽

Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽

True Protein

SUMMARYRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.

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