scholarly journals Assessment of Available Manganese in Milk by Using fodders Grown in Long-Term Wastewater Irrigated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Mudasra Munir ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Asmat Zahra ◽  
Asma Ashfaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Chain Level ◽  
Manganese Level

Heavy metals are considered as most important contaminations due to industrialization of countries and an influence on its existence in soil, plant and milk. A study was carried out to check manganese content in soil, forage and milk at three sites of city Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. All samples (milk, soil, water, fodder plants and ground water) were analyzed for manganese by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Different health indices were also studied to check Mn flow in food chain. Level of Mn in samples was found within acceptable limits. Manganese level was higher in soil samples collected from Site-III than other sites. Manganese showed higher value (2.595 to 10.402 mg/kg) in soil than other samples. Fodders were found to accumulate manganese from 0.008 to 0.022 mg/kg. Manganese concentration was found to be 0.1482 to 1.241 mg/L, 0.164 to 0.9708 mg/L in water and milk, respectively. BCF and PLI values for manganese were also found to be less than 1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and THQ of manganese are found within permissible limits in milk of cows feeding on fodders irrigated with wastewater and ground water. So, use of wastewater for irrigation purpose should be properly checked due to possible toxic effects.

scholarly journals OP0133 THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RETINAL TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE USE

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
S. Do ◽  
J. H. Du ◽  
J. X. An ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
A. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Retinal Toxicity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy ◽  
Risk Of Retinopathy

Background:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is commonly used for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. The medication is generally well-tolerated. However, long-term use after 5 years may increase the risk of retinopathy. One study in 2014 has demonstrated the risk can be as high as 7.5%. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has become a major modality in screening retinopathy.Objectives:To evaluate the prevalence of retinal toxicity among patients using hydroxychloroquine and to determine various risk factors associated with hydroxychloroquine-associated retinal toxicity.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review on a cohort of adult patients with long-term use (≥ 5 years cumulative) of HCQ between January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2018 from the Kaiser Permanente San Bernardino County and Riverside medical center areas in Southern California, USA. Patients were excluded if they had previously been diagnosed with retinopathy prior to hydroxychloroquine use, were deceased, or had incomplete OCT exam. Our primary endpoint was the prevalence of patients who developed retinal toxicity detected by OCT, and later confirmed by retinal specialist. Potential risk factors (age, duration of therapy, daily consumption per actual body weight, cumulative dose, confounding diseases and medication) for developing retinopathy were also evaluated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors associated with retinal toxicity.Results:Among 676 patients exposed to more than 5 years of HCQ, the overall prevalence of retinal toxicity was 6.8%, and ranged from 2.5% to 22.2% depending on the age, weight-based dosing, duration of use and cumulative dose. Duration of therapy for 10 years or more increased risk of retinopathy by approximately 5 to 19 folds. Similarly, weight-based dose of 7 mg/kg/day or greater was assciated with increased risk of retinopathy by approximately 5 times. Patients with cumulative dose of 2000 grams or more had greater than 15 times higher risk of developing retinopathy. Duration of use for10 years or more (odd ratio 4.32, 95% CI 1.99 – 12.49), age (odd ratio 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.08), cumulative dose of more than 1500 g (odd ratio 7.4; 95% CI 1.40 – 39.04) and atherosclerosis of the aorta (odd ratio 2.59; 95% CI, 1.24 – 5.41) correlated with higher risk of retinal toxicity.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of retinopathy was 6.8%. Regular OCT screening, especially in patients with hydroxychloroquine use for more than 10 years, daily intake > 7 mg/kg, or cumulative dose > 1500 grams is important in detecting hydroxychloroquine-associated retinal toxicityReferences:[1]Hobbs HE. Sorsby A, & Freedman A. Retinopathy Following Chloroquine Therapy. The Lancet. 1959; 2(7101): 478-480.[2]Levy, G. D., Munz, S. J., Paschal, J., Cohen, H. B., Pince, K. J., & Peterson, T. Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice. Arthritis & Rheumatism: 1997; 40(8): 1482-1486.[3]Ding, H. J., Denniston, A. K., Rao, V. K., & Gordon, C. Hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. Rheumatology. 2016; 55(6): 957-967.[4]Stelton, C. R., Connors, D. B., Walia, S. S., & Walia, H. S. Hydrochloroquine retinopathy: characteristic presentation with review of screening. Clinical rheumatology. 2013; 32(6): 895-898.[5]Marmor, M. F., Kellner, U., Lai, T. Y., Melles, R. B., & Mieler, W. F. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 revision). Ophthalmology. 2016; 123(6): 1386-1394.[6]Melles, R. B., & Marmor, M. F. The risk of toxic retinopathy in patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy. JAMA ophthalmology. 2014; 132(12): 1453-1460.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Glycyrrhizic acid: the assessment of a no effect level

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E M van Gelderen ◽  
J A Bijlsma ◽  
W van Dokkum ◽  
T J F Savelkoull
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Mild Hypertension ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Effect Level

Because from earlier experiments in rats and a pilot study in humans a no effect level of glycyrrhizic acid could not be established, a second experiment was performed in healthy volunteers. The experiment was performed in females only, because the effects were most marked in females in the pilot study. Doses of 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg glycyrrhizic acid/kg body weight were administered orally for 8 weeks to 39 healthy female volunteers aged 19-40 years. The experimentlasted 12 weeks including an adaptation and a “wash-out” period.Ano-effectlevel of2 mg/kgis proposed from the results ofthis study, from which an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg/kg body weight can be extrapolated with a safety factor of 10. This means consumption of 12 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. This would be equal to 6 g licorice a day, assuming that licorice contains 0.2% of glycyrrhizic acid. The proposed ADI is below the limit advised by the Dutch Nutrition Council of 200 mg glycyrrhizic acid/day. This reflects the relatively mild acute toxicity of glycyrrhizic acid, which is also emphasised by the “generally recognised as safe” (GRAS) status of glycyrrhizic acid in the USA in 1983. However, the long-term effects of a mild chronic intoxication (causing, for example, a mild hypertension), although not immediately lethal, justify special attention to the amount of glycyrrhizic acid used daily.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

scholarly journals FAMILY DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ EPIPHANIES AND CHANGES IN THEIR APPROACH TO CARING FOLLOWING THE VIRTUAL DEMENTIA TOUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S554-S554
Author(s):  
Candace C Harrington ◽  
Candace C Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Eye Opening

Abstract Previous interventional studies have failed to show long-term improvements in caregiver stress, health indices, burden, or delay in long-term care placement. The Virtual Dementia Tour® (VDT) provides a vicarious first-person perspective of symptoms related to dementia. This interpretative phenomenological study revealed family dementia caregivers’ perceptions of the VDT® and its impact on their perception of a person living with dementia. In-depth open semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten VDT® participants following a community event. Participants’ statements described a life-changing process with eye-opening epiphanies about the lived experience of dementia and served as a “call to action” to change their approach to caring. Innovative advances in family caregiving research are critical to support this valuable geriatric workforce. This original study provided new knowledge about the value of the VDT® to inform interventions that harness the unrecognized power of vicarious experiences like the VDT® for family dementia caregivers to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Manganese Deposition Content in Carbon Nanotubes Based Filters: Energy Dispersive X-ray and Rutherford Backscatter Spectrometry Investigations

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Emad M. Elsehly
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Rutherford Backscatter Spectrometry ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functionalized Mwcnts

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based filters have a prospective advantage compared to the commercial filters due to their lightweight and ability to work without electricity or heat. The manganese (Mn) removal from aqueous solutions by oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) was investigated. The filtration performance was studied under ambient conditions: the solution pH, the initial manganese concentration, and the MWCNT-filter mass. The samples of MWCNT-filters were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and rutherford backscatter spectrometry (RBS) to account for the manganese content within the MWCNT-filter. These techniques were conducted to study the oxidation effect on the morphology of MWCNTs and evaluate the oxygen functional groups and the average diameter distribution. Based on these examinations, the competence of Mn removal may exceed 91% for 50 ppm initial concentration of Mn, proposing that functionalized MWCNTs is a promising filter. The Mn removal was achieved at low pH with removal enhancement at the pH of 2. Functionalized MWCNTs based filters are promising candidate for heavy metal ions removal from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Mixed Planting on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Roots and Soils of Juglans mandshurica Plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yuchun Yang ◽  
Lixue Yang ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Juglans Mandshurica ◽  
Mixed Plantations ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Unique Otus

Abstract Background: Establishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations (Juglans mandshurica × Larix gmelinii). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities of Juglans mandshurica to long-term mixed plantation management.Results: Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance of Glomus was higher in the mixed plantation. Glomus, Diversispora and Paraglomus accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances of Diversispora and an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes, Paraglomus, Glomus and Acaulospora. The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil.Conclusions: Mixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community of Juglans mandshurica roots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.

scholarly journals Soil Salinity of an Urban Park after Long-Term Irrigation with Saline Ground Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 3011-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girisha K. Ganjegunte ◽  
John A. Clark ◽  
Rossana Sallenave ◽  
Elena Sevostianova ◽  
Matteo Serena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Urban Park

The Long-Term Stability of Becquerelite

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Finch ◽  
J. Suksi ◽  
K. Rasilainen ◽  
R.C. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Geologic Disposal ◽  
Petrographic Analyses

AbstractUranium-series disequilibria data, in conjunction with petrographic analyses, indicate that the uranyl oxide hydrate becquerelite can persist for hundreds of thousands of years, possibly longer. Becquerelite probably forms continuously as ground water compositions permit and is resistant to U leaching by ground water. On the time scale of interest for the geologic disposal of spent UO2 nuclear fuel, becquerelite is a long-lived sink for uranium in oxidizing, U and Ca-bearing ground waters. Such long-term stability also supports recent solubility experiments that indicate natural becquerelite has a lower solubility product than that determined for synthetic becquerelites.

The effects of cultivation on the composition of organic-matter and structural stability of soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Golchin ◽  
P Clarke ◽  
JM Oades ◽  
JO Skjemstad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Different Soils

Soil samples were obtained from the surface horizons of five untilled sites and adjacent sites under short- and long-term cultivation. The soil samples were fractionated based on density and organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in cultivated and uncultivated sites by solid-state C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Changes in the nature of organic carbon with cultivation were different in different soils and resulted from variations in the chemistry of carbon inputs to the soils and a greater extent of decomposition of organic materials in cultivated soils. Differences in the chemical composition of organic carbon between cultivated and uncultivated soils resided mostly in organic materials occluded within aggregates, whereas the chemistry of organic matter associated with clay particles showed only small changes. The results indicate a faster decomposition of O-alkyl C in the cultivated soils. Wet aggregate stability, mechanically dispersible clay and modulus of rupture tests were used to assess the effects of cultivation on structural stability of soils. In four of five soils, the virgin sites and sites which had been under long-term pasture had a greater aggregate stability than the cultivated sites. Neither total organic matter nor total O-alkyl C content was closely correlated with aggregate stability, suggesting that only a part of soil carbon or carbohydrate is involved in aggregate stability. The fractions of carbon and O-alkyl C present in the form of particulate organic matter occluded within aggregates were better correlated with aggregate stability (r = 0.86** and 0.88**, respectively). Cultivation was not the dominant factor influencing water-dispersible clay across the range of soil types used in this study. The amount of dispersible clay was a function of total clay content and the percentage of clay dispersed was controlled by factors such as clay mineralogy, CaCO3 and organic matter content of soils. The tendency of different soils for hard-setting and crusting, as a result of structural collapse, was reflected in the modulus of rupture (MOR). The cultivated sites had significantly higher MOR than their non-tilled counterparts. The soils studied had different MOR due to differences in their physical and chemical properties.

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