scholarly journals The Sweet War, or How Military Campaigns of Alfonso V of Aragon Affected the Eating Habits in Early to Mid-15th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Rafał Hryszko
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Important Place ◽  
James I ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
To Come ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
Main Meal

Starting from the time of James I the Conqueror (1213-1276) the Kingdom of Aragon started its Mediterranean expansion. Following successive military expeditions, its conquests included: Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands (1229-1235), Sicily (1282) and  Sardinia (1323-1324). The culmination of this process was the involvement of a Alfons V the Magnanimous (1416-1458) in the war for the Kingdom of Naples, which began in 1420. After 22 years of intermittent struggle, in 1442, Alfons V the Magnanimous eventually captured Naples, which in the years to come became one of the leading centers of the Italian Renaissance. The appearance of foreign domination in southern Italy suddenly entailed the transfer of Catalan culture, language and customs. Among the latter, Catalan culinary traditions formed at the end of the fourteenth century also occupied an important place. It was during this period that a significant change took place in the Kingdom of Aragon regarding the role and the circumstances of eating sweets by its financial and political elites. Until then, confectioneries were served as part of dessert at the end of the main meal (dinner or feast), while in the period discussed their consumption considerably shifted in time. Initially, their consumption was still associated with the various elements of the feasting etiquette (e.g. dancing, amusements, other meals). With time, the ceremonial of eating sweets transformed into a separate meal of sweet snacks, referred to by the Catalan term of col·lació. It quickly became a solemn, independently functioning type of feast, with an established ceremonial and setting. Under what circumstances were Catalan eating practices transplanted to Italian context? What influence did the ruler and his military operations have on the enrichment of Italian feasting with new ele ments of Catalan provenance? – Such questions define the direction of the considerations made by the author of the paper.

scholarly journals Wkład Alfonsa V Wspaniałomyślnego w upowszechnienie katalońskich zwyczajów kulinarnych w Królestwie Neapolu w XV wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Rafał Hryszko
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Times ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
Important Form

Contribution of Alfonso V the Magnanimous to the Popularization of Catalan Culinary Customs in the Kingdom of Napl es in the 15th century The wars for Naples ended in 1442 with the victory of Alfonso V the Magnanimous, the ruler of the Crown of Aragon (1416–1458). The emergence of foreign authority in southern Italy entailed the transfer of the Catalan culture, language and customs to the area of Italian Mezzogiorno. In this process, Catalan culinary traditions which developed at the end of the fourteenth century also occupied an important place. One of them was a separate sweet snack, referred to by the Catalan term col·lació (collatio in Latin). The organization and celebration of col·lació became an important form of ostentation for the Catalan ruling and financial elites. In this article, the author discusses excerpts from historical sources whose authors include, among others, Antonio Beccadelli, Jordi de Centelles, Vespasiano da Bisticci, Giovanni Pontano, as well as the ambassadors of Barcelona and Portugal and other anonymous authors writing about the times of Alfonso V the Magnanimous. The data provided by these sources clearly indicate that this ruler followed the custom of eating sweet colazione known in Italy at this time and gave it a new meaning at least as early as in the 1440s. Thanks to this ruler of Aragon and new Neapolitan king, the sweet snack became one of the instruments of the ostentation of wealth and prestige for the new rulers of the southern part of Italy and soon after also for other princes and lords of the area.

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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Kim
Keyword(s):  
Important Place ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
To Come ◽  
Perfect World

Deviations from traditional notations seem counterintuitive— as the norm works well. The reason why such a system holds an important place is because centuries of work, over many cultures and languages, did go into establishing it, a grammar was both induced and deduced upon agreement in collaboration with different professions: composers, theorists, the musicians themselves, had to come up with a method verified by consensus. Once such a system has reached a point of stability, further developments seem regressive: a perfect world would be one where the entirety of those involved agreeing upon a halt of development, upon the absence of any further trials and errors onwards. Such a thing never seems to happen in any sort of system: “graphic” notations were developed onwards from the traditional system— defying and reconstructing the rules that were held in place by consensus, perhaps as genuine development, possibly as regression, or even the destruction of that which was in place.

Portraits of James I and James II, kings of Scots

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
James I ◽  
15Th Century

This paper presents an inquiry into the origins of some painted portrait images of James I and James II of Scotland which are first attested in the late 16th century. That the likenesses are not authentic is shown by comparisons with images of the two kings which have a demonstrable claim to authenticity, and by a consideration of the costumes depicted: the latter were evidently derived from sources which, although of 15th-century date, were too late in the century to have been authentic for these particular rulers. On the evidence of the sets of portraits to which these paintings belong, one in Edinburgh and another in Munich, it is suggested that the faces of James I and II were based on those of the (authentic) images of James III and IV respectively.

scholarly journals On Heterodox Economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
B Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
To Come ◽  
Economic Thinking

In the literature of Economics itself, branches have evolved thanks to different positions held by economists on different economic issues, and most importantly, on the efficacy and desirability of economic policies to address such economic issues. The so-called Classical and Keynesian poles apart positions have stood as the firm foundation for the germination of a couple of developments in economics. But, it may be reiterated that these positions have been premised upon several assumptions which often go diametrically opposite to real-world circumstances. The growing concern of the disconnect of the mainstream economics from the conditions of the real world has made a vacuum. The attention that heterodox economics has been receiving should be regarded as a response to this fill this vacuum. Google searching deliberations on the Covid-19 pandemic would find economics being discussed elsewhere and everywhere as if the economics of the Virus matters a lot rather than its biological side. Heterodox economics has grown to occupy an important place in modern economic thinking, and in the years to come, in the field of teaching as well, the elements discussed in heterodox economic will have an indisputable place. In the field of policy making, too, the principles of heterodox have been used. Nevertheless, mainstream economics does not seem to have been shaken by the claims of heterodox economics. For economics to continue as rigorous social science, much celebrated neo-classical tools and its ideas are still more important.

scholarly journals COVID 19 Pandemic: Changes in the emotions, body weights and nutrition habits of individuals during social intervention measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Özlem Özpak Akkuş ◽  
Betül Gülşen Atalay ◽  
Eda Parlak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Main Meal

BACKGROUND: During the Covid 19 pandemic, the increase in the anxiety levels of individuals is associated with the increase in body weight. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of changes in individuals’ experiences and mood on eating habits and body weights in during social restrictions due to COVID-19. METHODS: The study included 623 adults in Turkey. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, information about nutritional habits during the pandemic period were questioned via an online survey. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate individuals’ negative perspectives. RESULTS: The rate of patients who experienced body weight changes during the pandemic period was 61.4% (40.2% experienced increase), the mean BDI value was found to be higher in individuals whose body weight increased/decreased compared to those who experienced no change in body weight (p = 0.008, p = 0.02, respectively). Variables that positively affected the BDI scores, which was performed in individuals with increased body weight, main meal numbers (p < 0.03), and change in dried fruit consumption (p = 0.05). The variables that negatively affected the BDI scores were body weight increase (p = 0.05) and changes in cheese consumption. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the changes in the emotional state during COVID-19 had an effect on dietary habits and body weight. There is a need for more comprehensive randomized studies on the interaction between lifestyle changes during the social intervention period due to the Covid 19 epidemic, quality of life, emotional state and eating habits.

scholarly journals Changes in Eating Habits and Lifestyles in a Peruvian Population during Social Isolation for the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Salomón Huancahuire-Vega ◽  
Edda E. Newball-Noriega ◽  
Ricardo Rojas-Humpire ◽  
Jacksaint Saintila ◽  
Mery Rodriguez-Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
Health Objectives

Background. Peru has one of the highest infection and death rates in the world for the COVID-19 pandemic. The government implemented house confinement measures with probable consequences on lifestyle, particularly affecting eating habits, physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyles, physical activity, and sleep characteristics, as well as changes in eating habits in a Peruvian population during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. We analyzed Peruvian adults based on an online self-administered questionnaire divided into sociodemographic, anthropometrics, COVID-19 diagnosis reported, lifestyle habits, and frequency of consumption of foods. Results. During confinement for COVID-19, 1176 participants were studied. Of these, most reported weight gain (1 to 3 kg) and 35.7% were overweight. The lifestyles habits showed that 54.8% reported doing physical activity and 37.2% sleep less. The Peruvian sample presented a main meal pattern of breakfast (95.7%), lunch (97.5%), and dinner (89.1%). Likewise, eating habits before and during COVID-19 pandemic showed that vegetables (OR:1.56, CI95% 1.21–200), fruit (OR: 1.42, CI95% 1.10–1.81), legumes (OR:1.67, CI95% 1.23–2.28), and eggs (OR: 2.00, CI95% 1.52–2.65) presented significant consumption increase during social isolation, while bakery products (OR: 0.74, CI95% 0.56–0.97), meat, snack, refreshment, and fast food decreased in consumption. Other foods showed no significant differences. Conclusion. This study showed an important frequency of overweight and sleep changes. There was a slight increase in physical activity despite the social isolation measures and an increase in healthy eating habits; nevertheless, the majority reported gaining weight.

scholarly journals Rabbit meat in the east of Algeria: motivation and obstacles to consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Sanah ◽  
Samira Becila ◽  
Fairouz Djeghim ◽  
Abdelghani Boudjellal
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Culinary Traditions

<p>In Algeria, rabbit meat consumption is insufficiently anchored in culinary traditions compared to other types of meat that are widely consumed, namely sheep and chicken. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of sociogeographic variables, both intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues, on consumption frequency, purchasing decision, motivations and the main deterrents to rabbit meat consumption. A survey is conducted with 360 consumers across 15 <em>wilayas</em> (districts) in Eastern Algeria. The results help us draw a conclusion that rabbit meat is consumed in all surveyed <em>wilayas</em> with a low frequency of consumption for the majority of respondents (79%). On the one hand, the causes of consumption are mainly: good taste (59%) and nutritional value (27%). On the other hand, the limiting factors are different: scarcity of rabbit meat on the market (42%), price (22%), eating habits (17%), lack of information on nutritional value (13%), bad taste (3%) and its resemblance to cat meat (3%). Regarding purchasing criteria, tenderness (58%) and freshness (14%) were chosen by most consumers. Although most consumers recognise the nutritional benefits of rabbit meat, it is poorly ranked in the choice of its consumers, placing it fourth after sheep, beef and poultry. Cross tabulation results show that gender, employment status and geographical areas are three variables that significantly affect the consumer’s perception and behaviour towards rabbit meat. This study is the first to analyse the Algerian consumer profile and sheds light on factors encouraging and hindering rabbit meat consumption.</p>

Richard Berry: Gondomar's English Catholic Adviser

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Loomie
Keyword(s):  
James I ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
To Come

The embassy of don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña during the later half of the reign of James I has remained the topic of considerable debate as to its influence over the politics and attitudes of the first Stuart monarch. It is time, perhaps, to move the discussion to an opposite quarter by asking whether there were any English efforts to sway the ambassador, and if so, what impact did they have on the embassy's performance. One interesting example of this is the evidence that English Catholics approached Sarmiento upon his arrival in the summer of 1613 with a new suggestion for a closer liaison. The court of King James had been already alerted to this prospect by a letter of Sir John Digby from Madrid of the preceeding year. Here he noted that there had been dissatisfaction among the Catholics of his acquaintance over the unproductive performance of don Alonso de Velasco previously on their behalf. He offered as a forecast about his successor: ‘And hereupon it hath been held fitt, that the succeeding ambassadour who is to come shortly into England, should rather take the course of Intelligence and dependency of our English papists on the king of Spaine transferred unto him by don Pedro [de Zufiiga] then by don Alonso de Velasco …’ Digby expected that a large sum of money was to be available to the next envoy to ‘revive and reestablish the meanes of Intelligence’ that were available as before.

Vihara Sankalpana according to Sushruta Samhita - A Literary Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshad Madawane M, Lunagariya
Keyword(s):  
Fast Moving ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The People ◽  
To Come

The word Vihara implies the life supporting activities. The main cause of stressful life is improper usage of Vihara. The Vihara gives more emphasis on prevention and maintenance of health. Ayurveda plays an important role in the management of various diseases and lifestyle disorders and help the people to come out of the various health ailments. The aim of Ayurveda is to achieve the four Purusharthas (Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha). These can only be achieved through good health and the good health can be achieved through Ayurveda. The importance of Vihara is being underestimated in the fast moving modern world. The customs in activity, the ways of sleeping, travelling, eating habits of the fast moving modern world. The present literary study implies an unique effort towards creating awareness about Vihara for healthy life with the help of Sushruta Samhita.

The barking dogs: junior coalition partners and military operations abroad in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Valerio Vignoli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Lega Nord ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Military

Abstract Various studies explored under which conditions junior coalition partners are able to have an impact on foreign policy outcomes. However, these parties do not always manage to get what they want. In this situation, they face a dilemma: defecting or staying? In the Italian context, as far as Military Operations Abroad (MOA) are concerned, the latter option has invariably prevailed. In particular, Italy's involvement in Operation Allied Force in Kosovo (1999) and Operation Unified Protector in Libya (2011) raised considerable contestation from junior partners that did not result in the termination of the respective cabinets. Employing extensive qualitative data, including a set of original interviews with relevant policymakers, this article aims to understand why junior partners did not defect in these two cases. The empirical findings highlight a variation in parties' motivations according to their ideological leaning: while extreme-left parties were afraid of being punished by their own voters for leaving the cabinet because of the participation in the operation in Kosovo, the far-right and autonomist Lega Nord did not consider opposition to the military intervention in Libya as a salient issue. Therefore, the article has considerable implications for the research agendas on the party politics of military interventions and government termination.

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