scholarly journals What is Right and What is Wrong in the Environmental Governance Model? Environmental Regulations for Improving Environmental Sustainability Ratings

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Jajat S. Ardiwinata ◽  
◽  
Khalid Zaman ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽  
Mohamed Haffar ◽  
...  

The improper allocation of economic and environmental resources damages the United Nations sustainable development Agenda, which remains a challenge for policymakers to stop the rot through efficient governance mechanisms. The study designed an efficient environmental governance framework by extending the different governance factors linked to the environmental sustainability ratings in the cross-section of 67 countries. The results of the two-regime based estimator show that environmental corruption (regime-1), environmental politics (regime-2), and environmental laws (regime-2) negatively correlated with the environmental sustainability rating, whereas environmental democracy (regime-1 & 2) positively correlated with the environmental sustainability agenda across countries. The government effectiveness and the country’s per capita income both escalates environmental sustainability ratings. The results align with the Demopolis theory, the effective regulatory theory, and the theory of law and politics. The causality estimates show that environmental corruption and government effectiveness causes environmental politics and economic growth. In contrast, environmental democracy and environmental regulations cause a country’s per capita income. The bidirectional causality is found between environmental regulations and environmental corruption on the one hand, while environmental regulations and environmental politics Granger cause each other on the other hand. The results show the importance of environmental regulations in managing ecological corruption and politics across countries. The variance decomposition analysis suggested that environmental politics likely influenced the environmental sustainability agenda, followed by government effectiveness and environmental democracy for the next ten years. The study emphasized the need to design an efficient environmental governance framework that minimizes environmental corruption and enables them to move towards environmental democracy, stringent environmental laws, and regulations. Government effectiveness would mainly be linked to reducing corruption and political instability to achieve clean, green and sustainable development.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-167
Author(s):  
Unmana Sarangi

Abstract: The research study entitled ‘Global Environment, Climate Change, Smart Urbanization and International Environment Laws for Global Sustainable Development’ focuses on the issues relating to the global environment, climate change, smart urbanization and the international environmental laws that determine these global indicators in achieving sustainable development goals and in trying to assess the linkages and implications of these macro variables as key determinants of the global environment and climate change. Thus, the problem associated with this research study is a global phenomenon that definitely has national, sub-national, and regional implications/ramifications across economies. These macro variables are scientific and practical determinants of the way global economies move forward and the problems encountered by various economies in the light of the global environment, climate, and rapid smart urbanization changes. Hence, the research problem which the research study focuses on is a realistic and practical one that encompasses, covers, and determines the major macro aspects of the global economies. The aspects dealt in the research study covers among others issues such as global environment, climate change, smart urbanization, and international environmental laws, IPCC, Paris Agreement on Climate Change and NDCs, promoting climate-resilient smart and rapid urbanization, exploration of climate change legislation, global environmental governance systems to promote peace, justice and development and in fulfillment of environmental and human rights connected with it, etc., The most important conclusions drawn from the research study is that United Nations has been playing a major role as the unique international organization which has been making all-out efforts to mitigate climate change, adopt climate-resilient measures for effective, smart and rapid urbanization in cities, reshaping these measures to attain global sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and in impacting global infrastructure for global sustainable development.


Purpose. The study objective was to model conditions, mechanisms and opportunities to achieve sustainable development parameters for the national economy. Меthods. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxide and carbon dioxide emissions during 1991-2017, the cycle of their change lasting 3 - 5 years has been proved. It has been found out that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Ukraine is a specific one due to the "turning points". According to the results of comparing the cyclicality of per capita income growth rates, GDP indexes with the dynamics of dependence between the hazardous substances emissions and per capita income and GDP in actual prices, it is found that they do not always coincide. It gives grounds to make a conclusion about the presence of lag between the emissions volumes changes and values of per capita income and GDP in actual prices. The conclusions are grounded on the comparison of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, income per capita, pollutant emissions and the parameters of their mutual correlation. It has been proposed to carry out coordinated policy referring its economic, social and environmental components, taking into account the time lag to create the conditions for the EKC curve parameters in the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. . Based on the analysis of GDP growth rates dynamics, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide and dioxide emissions, the periodicity (cyclicality) of their change has been proved. In Ukraine, EKC has a specific nature in the form of separate «turning points», without achievement of long-term parameters of the relationship between the hazardous substances emissions and GDP and per capita income values. Thus, the feasibility of developing the agreed policy concerning the economic (GDP value), social (population income level) and environmental components (conservation activity financing and decrease of hazardous substances emissions) taking into account the time lag, which will create the conditions for achieving not only temporary values, but also long-term parameters of EKC curve in the Ukrainian economy, was substantiated. The obtained results allow to forecast sustainable development parameters of Ukraine for the future.


Author(s):  
Frank Fischer

In search of a more practical approach to environmental democracy, the theory and practice of participatory governance are presented as an alternative that can incorporate key elements of environmental deliberative democracy but at the same time speaks more specifically to ongoing political practices. The chapter first surveys the rise of governance and its emergence in environmental politics. It then examines the claims for governance, in particular a more democratic form of governance, participatory governance. Several concrete examples from Brazil (participatory budgeting), India (people’s planning), and Nepal (community forestry) are briefly sketched, including new models of participatory expertise that have emerged with them. Grounded in real-world political struggles against hierarchy and injustice, participatory governance is seen to address the sorts of conflicts that climate change will increasingly usher in.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Wina Paul ◽  
Rachmad Faudji ◽  
Hasan Bisri

Economic development itself is defined as a continuous process that has the aim of increasing a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income of a country's population in the long term which has an impact on various aspects, both economic, social, and science and technology. The purpose of economic development in Indonesia is not only to increase per capita income but also to accelerate economic growth. Technological advances as a result of this development will also improve the quality of human resources, improve community welfare, reduce inequality, and reduce unemployment. The government continues to face various forms of economic development problems in Indonesia, including high unemployment, rampant poverty, high population, inflation resulting in low purchasing power, low productivity resulting in low per capita income, and export commodities dominated by the primary sector. Today, the development of Islamic economics, both in academia and practice, is very important to pay attention to. This is also related to how to develop thoughts and applications of the Islamic economic system in Indonesia. Various perspectives in the field of Islamic economics associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) themselves were created to answer the demands of world leadership in overcoming poverty, inequality and climate change in the form of real action. Establish a set of targets that can be applied universally and can be measured in balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development such as environmental, social and economic. Islamic economic objectives in several points of view are philosophical goals consisting of Al-Falah (holistic prosperity) and Maqasid al-Shariah and operational objectives consisting of increasing faith, creating maslahah, preventing concentration of wealth, and avoiding dangerous activities and even distribution. On the basis of this Islamic economic objective, the response was the issuance of a Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk as a product of the government through the Ministry of Finance to serve as an alternative to increasing Islamic-based economic development. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method with literature review. Through this article, we will try to discuss how this cash waqf linked sukuk can be used as an alternative for sustainable Islamic economic development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's).


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Xiaotao Huang ◽  
Guifang He ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
...  

Based on the ecological footprint (EF) model, the dynamic changes in the per capita EF and per capita ecological carrying capacity (EC) in Qinghai Province from 2007 to 2017 were quantitatively analysed. The grey GM(1,1) prediction model was used to predict the per capita EF, per capita EC, and EF of ten thousand yuan of GDP. Additionally, the spatial change characteristics of the sustainable development status of the study area in four time periods were analysed using GIS technology. The results showed the following. (1) In the 11-year study period, Qinghai Province’s EF per capita grew gradually, increasing from 2.3027 hm2 in 2007 to 2.9837 hm2 in 2017. (2) The EC per capita in Qinghai Province remained a slight linear upward trend. (3) The environmental sustainability in Qinghai Province deteriorated over time. (4) According to the spatial characteristics, the overall sustainable development state changed markedly in the eastern region but was stable in the central and western regions. This paper proposes some countermeasures and suggestions to help Qinghai Province work towards sustainable development, such as controlling the population, adjusting the industrial structure, developing a low-carbon circular economy, and implementing ecological engineering.


2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Mashhud Adenrele Fashola

As economic growth may reach a point where further socio-economic development is not sustainable due to continual environmental degradation having negative development impact, the paper proposes a methodology for determining global central tendency for the saturation point of economic growth in its impact on sustainable development. The theoretical framework adopts a modified classical growth model, where economic growth is considered a means towards development, just as capital stock constitutes a means towards economic growth. In such a model, the impact of economic growth on sustainable development exhibits diminishing “marginal social productivity”, until development reaches a stationary state, where the impact of growth reaches its climax and any further growth will bring a decline on the level of development. Economic growth is measured by per capita income while selected development indicators measure development. The factors responsible for the diminishing “marginal social productivity” of economic growth are population growth and depreciation rates of capital stock and physical environment. For empirical investigation, econometric studies explored the dependence of various development indicators on per capita income (US$ PPP) for 99 countries, with a-priori expectation that the development indicators will progress with economic growth at a decreasing rate and reach saturation point. The results revealed that the saturation point or ultimate level of sustainable development is attained at per capita income of $36,400 500 (PPP), a level exceeded by 13 percent of the countries. Results also showed that environmental degradation is both a causal factor and consequence of contemporary growth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Prince Nathaniel ◽  
Festus Fatai Adedoyin

Income alone cannot ensure environmental sustainability. As such, different economies have relied on environmental regulations to preserve the quality of their environment. The efficiency of such regulations on environmental degradation is still unclear in developing countries culpable for lax environmental regulations. As such, this study explores the effect of environmental regulations on the ecological footprint (EFP) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey) countries from 1980-2016. The results suggest that energy consumption, trade and GDP increase the EFP while environmental regulations reduce it thereby mitigating environmental degradation, though insignificantly. This indicates that environmental regulations are not totally successful in mitigating ecological distortions in the sample countries. The study applies the FMOLS estimator to obtain the country-wise results. There is evidence that energy consumption increases the EFP in all MINT countries. The same influence is exacted by trade on the EFP, except in Turkey. The abating role environmental regulations on environmental degradation were confirmed in all the countries. It was significant in Nigeria and Turkey, but no in Mexico and Indonesia. Further findings revealed a bidirectional causality between GDP and EFP. Policy directions are discussed within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).


Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
Dr. Manika Kamthan

In India, Kerala witnessed the worst floods of all times in 2018. It left 483 people dead and the destruction caused was more than the annual outlay of Kerala (Economic Times:2018). It left people devastated and scarred for life. Natural disasters of such magnitude violate the principle of “inter-generational equity”. The genesis of sustainable development can be traced back to the principle of “rule of law”. It is based on the fundamental requisite of equality and absence of arbitrary powers. Environmental degradation violates rule of law because it exposes people to risk of natural disasters. Rule of Law is the harbinger of environmental governance. Secretary General of UN defined rule of law as “a principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards” (UNEP: 2015). It also forms the bulwark of SDGs. The 13th SDG of “Climate Action” aims to help the vulnerable countries to adapt to climate change and how disaster risk measures can be integrated into the national strategies (UNDP).Natural disasters not only result in the loss of life and property, it also brings forth the social and economic inequalities exiting in the society. In India various vulnerabilities like caste, gender, poverty are aggravated in the wake of disasters. This calls for the integration of rule of law in disaster management. The violation of environmental laws has the potential to undermine sustainable development which hampers ‘rule of law’. In the proposed paper we try to critically evaluate the upcoming idea of environmental rule of law and appraise its evolution and application in the larger framework of Disaster Law in India.


Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 972-978
Author(s):  
Manisha Jetly ◽  
Dr. Nandita Singh

Education for sustainable development (ESD) enjoys a huge momentum worldwide in which the role of teachers for making sustainable development goals a reality has been recognized significantly. Teachers through their knowledge, attitudes and skills can bring the learning about these concepts to the curriculum and class room interaction and are in a position to influence their students. Therefore it is pertinent, that teachers are sensitised towards these issues, so that they prepare and nurture their students for making appropriate and responsible choices which contribute to a sustainable future. At this juncture it becomes crucial to understand their priorities and awareness level in context of the sustainable development. The present research paper aims to analyse the perception of forty post graduate pre-service teachers of the Chandigarh region, towards ESD through the dimensions of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability and cultural sustainability. For this researchers have adopted qualitative content analysis methodology for an in-depth study of the subjective responses through an open ended question. The findings suggest that most of the respondents associated the perception of ESD strongly with environmental sustainability. It is noted that the pre-service teachers lack a holistic approach towards ESD. On the basis of the findings it is recommended that there is an urgent need of integrating the concept of ESD consciously and conscientiously in India’s teacher education programmes.


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