scholarly journals Management Strategy Mangrove Ecosystem Base On Multy Criteria Decision Making Analysis (Case In Bunaken Island, Manado City, Indonesia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Joshian Nicolas William Schaduw
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Periodic Data ◽  
Rapid Appraisal ◽  
Sea Currents

This research purpose is to analyze the effectiveness of mangrove ecosystem management strategy in Bunaken Island of Bunaken National Park in Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. The research used the research methods of field surveys, sampling, and literature studies for several components that require periodic data. The data analysis used in this research is the Criteria Decision Making Analysis (MCDMA) with the Rapid Appraisal of Mangrove Ecosystem Sustainability (RAPMECS) tools modified from the Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH). The obtained data will analyze the effectiveness of the ecological, socio-economic, and institutional dimensions that directly affect the mangrove ecosystems. It is indicated that the mangrove ecosystem management sustainability dimension in Bunaken Island is poor, and the socio-economic and institutional dimensions are not good. The main point that makes the management sustainability dimension unfavorable is the island slope and total extent of the mangrove ecosystem area. As the buffer zone, the mangrove ecosystem is low effective, this island is vulnerable to sea currents and waves. The strategies to minimize the vulnerability of this island from sea currents and waves include the increase of the mangrove ecosystem area, community awareness and participation in managing the mangrove ecosystems, and the supporting infrastructure in the mangrove ecosystem management activities.Keywords: Strategy; Management; Mangrove; BunakenABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa efektivitas strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Bunken, yang masuk dalam kawasan Taman Nasioanl Bunaken di Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian antara lain  survei lapangan, sampling, dan studi literatur pada beberapa kompenen yang membutuhkan data berkala. Analisis data bersifat Multy Criteria Decision Making Analysis (MCDMA) dengan tools Rapid Apraisal of mangrove ecosystem sustainability (RAPMECS) yang dimodifikasi dari the Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH). Data yang didapatkan untuk menganalisa efektivitas dimensi ekologi, sosial-ekonomi, dan kelembagaan yang mempengaruhi ekosistem mangrove. Pada dimensi ekologi terindikasi keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Bunaken kurang baik, sedangkan pada dimensi sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan kurang baik. Hal utama yang membuat keberlanjutan pengelolaan pada dimensi ekologi kurang baik adalah kemiringan lereng pulau dan luasan dari ekosistem mangrove. Akibat dari rendahnya efektifitas mangrove sebagai buffer zone membuat pulau ini rentan terhadap aksi laut yaitu arus dan gelombang. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan meminimalkan kerentanan pulau ini antara lain adalah penambahan luasan ekosistem mangrove, peningkatan kesadaran dan partisipatif  masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove, dan peningkatan infrastruktur pendukung dalam kegiatan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove.Kata Kunci: Strategi; Pengelolaan;  Mangrove; Bunakensupporting infrastructure in the mangrove ecosystem management activities.

scholarly journals Management Strategy of Mangrove Ecosystem in Siak Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 009 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Trisla Warningsih ◽  
◽  
Kusai Kusai ◽  
Lamun Bathara ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Large Island ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Coastal ecosystems on small islands have a large enough pressure to be inversely proportional to a large island due to various resource capabilities and limited supporting factors. Mangrove is one of the ecosystems on the coast of a small island that is susceptible to disturbance because it is close to human activities. This study aimed to determine the mangrove ecosystem management strategy on the coast of the Siak Regency. The research was conducted from July to August 2020 using survey and interview methods. Data analysis used the Analytical Hierarchy Process to determine the mangrove management strategy. The results showed that community involvement is a priority for managing sustainable mangrove ecosystems with the assistance of the Government and NGOs. Management priority factors, namely ecology, while still paying attention to economic, social, institutional, and technological concerns.

scholarly journals CARBON STORAGE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN NORTH SULAWESI AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Louise Kepel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Average Value ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Change Mitigation

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces that implements national / regional action plan (RAN / RAD) policies as part of a national effort to climate change mitigation. One of the land-based mitigation activities in North Sulawesi is to measure and monitore  biomass and carbon stocks in forests including coastal forests where the measurement area is still limited. In 2013-2015, Blue Carbon Research Group  conducted research in four locations in North Sulawesi, which aims to analyze the ecological conditions and the ability of coastal ecosystems, especially mangrove in sequestering carbon. Study sites situated in Ratatotok - Southeast Minahasa Regency, Kema - North Minahasa Regency, Lembeh Island – Bitung City and Sangihe Island – Sangihe Regency. A total of 17 species identified where B. gymnorrhiza, R. mucronata and S. alba found in all locations. Species diversity ranges from low to moderate, where species distribution is uneven. Carbon storage capacity is equal to 343.85 Mg C ha-1 in Ratatotok, 254,35 Mg C ha-1 in Lembeh, 387,95 Mg C ha-1 in Kema and 594,83 Mg C ha-1 in Sangihe. More than 59% of carbon storage are in the sediment. The average value of carbon storage in the four research sites is 456,86 Mg C ha-1 or 5,70 Tg C after converted to a total area of mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi. The value is equal to absorption of atmospheric CO2 by 20.70 Tg CO2e. Potential emission due to changes in mangrove conversion reach 0.42 Tg CO2e. Efforts to increase the contribution of reducing North Sulawesi emissions can be achieved by implementing emission reduction interventions through the rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. 

scholarly journals EVALUASI DAN TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI MANGROVE DI DESA MUNTE KECAMATAN TANALILI KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Amnaeni Amnaeni ◽  
Asbar Asbar ◽  
Danial Danial
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Level

Evaluation and level of community participation in the management of mangrove conservation areas in Munte Village, Tanalili District, North Luwu Regency. This study aimed to: 1) Evaluate the level of community participation in the management of mangrove; 2) Determine the direction of the mangrove ecosystem management strategy. In addition, it was expected to provide information to stakeholders as a material consideration in taking mangrove ecosystem management policies in Munte Village, Tanalili District, North Luwu Regency. The research method was done by using a questionnaire. The data on internal factors namely the characteristics of participants' dividends in the management of mangroves of the mangrove tourism area which was done by filling out questionnaires and interviews.The results Community participation in the 75% criterion had a high level of participation by showing that the average value of the linkert scale showed a positive range. 25% of criteria indicated a low level of participation with a negative range value, some people consider that mangroves had unimportant benefits for the farm. The management strategy based on the scale produced for the management of mangrove ecosystems in Munte, namely (1) Organizing training on mangrove management skills (ecotourism and nursery) to increase community income and (2) Making regulations to control the use of community-based mangroves and also violations mangrove management violations.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA KELAPA PATI

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Trisla Warningsih ◽  
Rasoel Hamidy ◽  
Wardatul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Depth Interviews

The degradation of mangrove ecosystems in Bengkalis Regency is caused either one by mangrove ecosystems management that are still not optimal. The research of institutional analysis of mangrove ecosystem management in Kelapa Pati Village was conducted in November 2019 in the mangrove ecosystem of Kelapa Pati Village, Bengkalis District, Bengkalis Regency. The assessing of institutional  role about mangrove ecosystems management in Kelapa Pati Village was carried out based on in-depth interviews with informants in the form of selected stakeholders. Institutional analysis of mangrove ecosystems shows that the mangrove ecosystem institutions in Kelapa Pati Village are grouped into: Key players (Managers, Village Heads, Regents, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Provinsi, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten), context setters (DPRD), crowds (Dinas PU , BAPPEDA, Dinas Perikanan, NGO, and University); and subjects (community and community leaders).

scholarly journals Struktur Komunitas Dan Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Pulau-Pulau Kecil (Kasus Pada Pulau Nain Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshian Nicolas William Schaduw
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Rapid Appraisal

ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur komunitas dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Nain Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pulau Nain adalah salah satu pulau yang masuk dalam kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Bunaken dan memiliki kawasan budidaya rumput laut yang masih produktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan primer. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam kajian ini meliputi data dimensi ekologi, sosial ekonomi, dan kelembagaan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah RAPMECS (Rapid Appraisal for Mangroves Ecosystem) dengan analisis multy dimensional scaling (MDS). Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah luasan mangrove Pulau Nain sebesar 4.40 ha, memiliki dua jenis mangrove yaitu Rhizophora apiculata dan Avicennia marinna masing-masing dari family Avicenniaceae dan  Rhizophoraceae. Indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis tertinggi terlihat pada jenis Rhizophora apiculata (79.64%) sedangkan jenis Avicennia marinna (79.64%). Ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain dalam kondisi yang baik, tapi secara kuantitas belum optimal sebagai buffer sistem lingkungan pesisir. Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain menunjukkan angka 46,89 yang berarti status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove pulau ini berada dalam kondisi cukup baik. Keterisolasian pulau, luasan mangrove yang kecil, luas pulau yang kecil dan rendahnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia membuat pulau ini memiliki nilai yang kurang baik untuk keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain. Pemantauan secara berkala dan strategi pengelolaan yang baik dapat meningkatkan indeks keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove serta meningkatkan kapasitas lingkungan pesisir Pulau Nain.ABSTRACTThe aims of this study are to analyze the community structure and sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management in Nain Island, Wori District, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. Nain Island is one of the islands rlocated in Bunaken National Park conservation area and   has productive seaweed cultivation area. This study used secondary and primary data. Data required in this study are included dimension data of ecological, socio-economic, and institutional. The analysis that used in this study was RAPMECS (Rapid Appraisal for Mangroves Ecosystem) through multy dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. The results obtained from this study are mangroves area in Nain Island was 4.40 ha, has two types of mangroves Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marinna respectively belong to family Avicenniaceae and Rhizophoraceae. The highest species importance value index (INP) wasfound in Rhizophora apiculata (79.64%) while Avicennia marinna (79.64%). Mangrove ecosystem in Nain Island are in good condition, but in quantity not yet optimal as buffer for coastal environment system. The sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management of Nain Island shows 46.89 which means that the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management of this island is in fair condition. Isolation of island small mangrove areas, small islands and low quality of human resources make this island has a poor value for the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management. Regular monitoring and good management strategies can improve the sustainability index of mangrove ecosystem management and increase the capacity of the coastal environment of Nain Island.Sitasi: Schaduw J.N.W. (2018). Struktur Komunitas Dan Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Pulau-Pulau Kecil (Kasus Pada Pulau Nain Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(2), 120-129,doi:10.14710/jil.16.2.120-129

scholarly journals SEKELUMIT MANGROVE DI SIRING MALAKA REKOMENDASI PENGELOLAAN BERKELANJUTAN A Little Bit The Mangroves In The Mallaca Ditch Sustainable Management Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Yuliasamaya Yuliasamaya ◽  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Syafriadiman Syafriadiman
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Malacca Strait

A place in the corner of the Malacca Strait, precisely in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, the coastal area of Riau Province, has a role as the transportation routes that connect Bengkalis, Pekanbaru and Batam, as well as ships transit point in Malacca Strait. The area has a very small mangrove cover area but has many local communities who manage mangroves independently, in the midst of dense industrial operations in the area, especially with the Tanjung Buton area which is a development area of a national strategic project. The developments carried out in that place must be carried out in a sustainably, namely balanced in ecological, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Research in that place always discusses only one aspect of the three, moreover what is currently rife is ecotourism, so many researchers have explored the wealth of natural tourism and not a few have discussed its economic benefits. This study aims to analyse these three aspects to produce recommendations for sustainable mangrove management strategies. This research was conducted in 2019-2020 in a descriptive quantitative manner using the Rapid Appraisal method which collaborates the use of several modern technology instruments including remote sensing, transect mapping, and Monte Carlo analysis. The management strategy resulted from a layered analysis that is generally found in separate studies. The results of this study show that the level of sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management in Sungai Apit District is less sustainable. The ecological condition is classified as less sustainable, the economic condition is classified as quite sustainable, while the socio-cultural conditions are classified as unsustainable. The mangrove ecosystem management strategy from this research is the "SO Strategy", that uses Strength to take advantage of Opportunities. The strategy includes increasing wildlife observations as part of educational objects and attractions, as part of the mangrove ecotourism, and development of new ecotourism areas or of existing ecotourism areas by local wisdom concept. Strategy implementation should involve stakeholders and local communities as well as new concept development.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE PADA WILAYAH PESISIR DI DESA AKUNI, KECAMATAN TINANGGEA, KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Gandri ◽  
Muhsimin Muhsimin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Direct And Indirect Benefits ◽  
Depth Interviews

The development of coastal areas continues to grow rapidly in line with the fairly high population growth rate. This study aims to determine the level of community perceptions of mangrove ecosystem management in the coastal area of Akuni Village. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis to explain the actual conditions at the research location through surveys and in-depth interviews of 10 assessment indicators. The results showed that the level of community perception towards mangrove ecosystem management on the coast of Akuni Village was in the high category. The relatively low socio-economic conditions of the community are not an obstacle in managing mangrove management in Akuni Village in the future because a good understanding of coastal resources, especially mangrove ecosystems, is increasing along with the understanding and actualization of the direct and indirect benefits felt by coastal communities in several the last decade.

scholarly journals STUDI POTENSI SUMBERDAYA ALAM DI KAWASAN PESISIR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Swenekhe Sandra Durand
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Territorial Water

Fisheries and marine sectors have to be the main program of North Sulawesi economic development. Since the fisheries potency is large enough and the development is good in fishing, aquaculture and fish processing, the regional government has established the fisheries sub-sector as one of the development supporting factors. The study was carried out from February to July 2008 in South Minahasa Regency. Data collection was done through structured and unstructured interviews, field observations and documentations. The study used a qualitative descriptive analytical method in spite of quantitative data collections. South Minahasa is one of the regencies in North Sulawesi with the capital of Amurang, possesses an area of 1,591.65 Km2 (population of 201,293), consists of 17 districts, 154 villages, 815 small government units. Seven districts are in the coastal areas (Tenga,Sinonsayang,East Amurang, Amurang, West Amurang, Tumpaan and Tatapaan). The coastal natural recources of this regency are mangrove ecosystem, coral reef, and sea grasses. These ecosystems have an ecological integration that will affect future fisheries recources productivity. Fisherman of South Minahasa Regency are distributed in 17 districts. The potency of coastal fisheries recources and its development in South  Minahasa Regency possesses 933 Ha of mangrove ecosystems, 1,349.6 Ha of coral reefs, and 1300 Ha of seagrass beds at Rap-Rap Wawontulap. Fishery society in Regency of Minahasa South arch gone the round in 17 districts. Sum up the fishery domestic a lot of there are in districts Amurang with the amount 563 RTP. In general fishery Society in Regency of Minahasa South arch conduct four fishery activity that is aquaculture, arrest, merchant and fish processor. Full scale aquaculture is 1.435 soul, sum up this gone the round in seven districts compassion, 236 soul in New districts Tompaso. To the effort fish arrest in the sea, do not all districts own the activity of fish arrest there's only seven districts (Tataapan, Tumpaan, Amurang East, Amurang, Amurang West, Tenga And Sinonsayang) full scalely is Fisherman catching fish in the sea 6.446 soul and which is a lot of there are in districts Tumpaan. For the fisherman of catching fish in public territorial water is only gone the round in five districts (Motoling West, Ranoyapo, New Tompaso, Maesaan And Modoinding), full scalely 59 soul and which is a lot of there are in fewest districts Modoinding there are in districts of Motoling West.

scholarly journals STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN TARUMAJAYA, KABUPATEN BEKASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Abiyyu Muhammad Haris ◽  
Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo ◽  
Cecep Kusmana Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Statistical Parameter ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
Index Value ◽  
High Level

Mangrove ecosystems provide various useful types of products and services to support the life needs of coastal communities. In the management of sustainable mangrove ecosystems, it is necessary to integrate activities in the ecological, economic, and social dimensions as it is known in the concept of sustainable development. This study aims to measure the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency. Data analysis is applying RAPFISH with the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method. The results show that the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, obtains a multidimensional index value of 45.79% with less sustainable status, index value; and the sustainability status in each dimension, is 21.72% for the ecological dimension (unsustainable), 49.15% for economic dimension (less sustainable), 40.68 % for social dimension (less sustainable), and 63.68% for institutional dimension (quite sustainable). The influencing factors for the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management consist of 16 indicators from the 4 dimensions tested. The results of statistical parameter validation and the results of the Monte Carlo test show that all of the dimension indicators analyzed in the management of sustainability of mangrove ecosystems have a significant role in explaining the diversity of mangrove ecosystems dimensional index value and have a high level of confidence.

scholarly journals STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI WILAYAH PESISIR DESA AKUNI KECAMATAN TINANGGEA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN Sustainability Management Status of Mangrove Ecosystem in Coastal Area of Akuni Village District of Tinanggea, South Konawe

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Muhsimin . ◽  
Nyoto Nyoto Santoso ◽  
Hariyadi .
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Rapid Appraisal

This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in coastal areas of Akuni Village by integrating all interests in multidimensional (ecological, economic, social, and institutional) and determining sensitive indicators in sustainability management of mangrove ecosystem. The method used in this study was Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) based on multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results showed that the multidimensional sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in coastal area of Akuni Village was less sustainable (46.67%); Ecological dimension of 73.29% (sustainable enough); Economic dimension of 53.77%(sustainable enough); Social dimension of 38.32% (less sustainable); Institutional dimension of 25.36% (less sustainable). Improvement efforts toward sensitive indicators on each dimension are necessary to minimizeenvironmental quality degradation especially for mangrove ecosystem due to anthropogenic activity. Those dimension indicators improvement expected to give some positive feedback for managers in order to improve the sustainabilitystatus of mangrove ecosystem management in a multidimensional manner.Key words: Akuni Village, Multidimensional scaling (MDS) mangrove ecosystems, Sustainability index and status

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