scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF REGIMES OF USE AND FERTILIZATION OF SPONTANEOUSLY RENEWABLE SWARD ON THE COURSE OF SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Malynovska І. М. ◽  
Soroka О. P. ◽  
Ptashnik М. М. ◽  
Kurhak V. H.
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Soil Depletion ◽  
Statistical Results

Objective. To study the state of the soil microbiocenosis of spontaneously renewable phytocoenosis of the 21st year of self-growth after the application of mineral fertilizers at the dose of N90P40K70 and the two-mow regime. Methods. Experimental-field, laboratory-analytical, microbiological, statistical. Results. Optimization of mineral nutrition of renewable phytocoenosis contributes to an increase in the number of microorganisms: ammonifiers 2.24 times, mineral nitrogen immobilizers — 1.39, denitrifiers — 3.19, nitrifiers — 1.71, cellulose-destructive — 1.64, actinomycetes — 1.17, micromycetes — 1.20, organophosphate mobilizers — 1.33 times. As a result of twomow regime of the use grass cenoses, the number of microorganisms in most of the studied groups does not change, except for denitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, micromycetes and organophosphate mobilizers. The use of mineral fertilizers leads to a slowdown of mineralization processes in the soil: pedotrophicity index decreases by 2.28 times, the coefficient of mineralization of nitrogen compounds — by 1.60 time, oligotrophicity — by 2.25 times, the activity of humus mineralization — by 1.65 times. Alienation of plant biomass has a negligible effect on the course of microbiological processes in the soil: pedotrophicity index increases by 18.2 %, oligotrophicity coefficient — by 3.63 %, nitrogen mineralization coefficient decreases by 6.6 %, humus mineralization activity — by 6.2 %. Conclusion. Lack of mineral elements in the soil of the fallow provokes the intensification of mineralization processes, and the optimization of mineral nutrition of phytocoenosis plants contributes to their slowing down. The decrease in the total biological activity and the increase in the phytotoxicity of the soil with the two-mow use of sward indicate the beginning of the processes of soil depletion.

scholarly journals APPLE TREE REACTION AT DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS OF RE-CULTIVATION ON CHANGES IN THE SOIL NUTRITIVE REGIME UNDER LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
R. V. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

In order the intensive orchards bear fruit stably and give high yields every year, the mineral nutrition of fruit trees must be balanced with the help of fertilization. The soil fertilization plays an important role in this process, which provides the optimal content of essential mineral elements for fruit trees in optimal quantities. The soil nutritive regime and, accordingly, the yield of apple orchards in such conditions are significantly increased. The results of studies of soil nutritive regime and yield of apple trees of Calville snow variety on the seedling rootstock and Idared variety on the seedling and vegetative M4 rootstocks under re-cultivation on mineral nutrition backgrounds, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of different fertilizer systems on the dark-gray podzolized soil. Long-term systematic application of organic and mineral fertilizers and their combination provided the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil in the range of 26.2-28.6 mg/kg, mobile compounds and forms of phosphorus and potassium – 207-236 and 261-270 mg/kg of soil respectively, which exceeded the optimal levels of their quantity in the dark gray podzolized soil. Such changes in the apple trees supply with the main macronutrients, in particular against the background of systematic long-term application of organic and organic and mineral fertilizers, contributed to an increase in the total yield of experimental varieties by 17-35%. In the first period of growth and fruiting of young apple trees were mostly used for the formation of biomass of nitrogen vegetative organs for the plant fertilization, and in the period of full fruiting of potassium to create a fruit harvest. Increasing the Р2О5 content was ineffective. The higher efficiency of the organic fertilizer system was due to a greater increase in the mineral nitrogen content in the soil, and, especially, movable forms of potassium and a better improvement of physical and biological characteristics of soil fertility, as established by the studies of long-term use. It was found that under the organic fertilizer application the soil is enriched not only with N, P and K, but also with trace elements of mineral nutrition of plants

scholarly journals Change of microbiological properties of disturbed permafrost soils during their restoration under the influence of fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
A.N. Tikhanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Microbiological Processes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Permafrost Soils

The extent of microbiological processes in soil is determined not only by the number of microorganisms, but mainly by their activity. Therefore, it is extremely relevant to study the influence of various organic, mineral fertilizers, lime used for the cultivation of gley-podzolic soils of the Far North, on the change of intensity and development of the most important microbiological processes in these soils. In its natural state, soils are a multi-component system consisting of many heterogeneous microenvironments inhabited by microorganisms with different food chains. In anthropogenic activities, and in particular, in the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the environmental conditions in soils change significantly, leading to a significant adjustment in taxonomic structure of microbial cenoses and their functional activities. Particularities of soil-climatic conditions also significantly affect species composition and features of functioning of microbocenoses in soils. Therefore, when choosing the most effective methods of soil cultivation in each particular climate zone, a lot of attention is paid to their biological assessment. The studies show that fertilizer and lime has a positive effect on the prokaryote complex of soil microorganisms of everfrozen soils.

Диагностика минерального питания моркови на пойменных почвах Нечерноземной зоны

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
I.Yu. Vasjuchkov ◽  
A.A. Kolomiets ◽  
O.N. Uspenskaya ◽  
A.V. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Standard Production ◽  
A Share

Установлено, что на пойменных почвах использование методов диагностики минерального питания растений моркови «по почве» и «по черешку» в фазу начала образования корнеплодов позволяет значительно (на 36–42%) снизить расход минеральных удобрений, обеспечивая урожайность моркови на уровне 70 т/га с долей стандартной продукции 78–81% без существенного изменения качества корнеплодов.It was found that in floodplain soils, the use of methods of diagnosis of mineral nutrition of carrot plants «on the soil» and «on the petiole» in the phase of the beginning of the formation of root crops can significantly (by 36–42%) reduce the consumption of mineral fertilizers, ensuring the yield of carrots at the level of 70 t/ha with a share of standard production of 78–81% without significantly changing the quality of root crops.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS GINSENGIHUMI M2.11 AND PANTOEA BRENNERI AS3 ON PLANT BIOMASS GROWTH AND SEED GERMINATION ENERGY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
D.L. Itkina ◽  
◽  
L.V. Sokolnikova ◽  
A.D. Suleimanova ◽  
M.R. Sharipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Metabolites

In the modern conditions of agricultural development, the use of microbiological preparations as an alternative to mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is gaining wide interest and practical significance. Soil microorganisms have the ability to interact with the root system of plants, optimize mineral nutrition, synthesize growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of cultivated crops, increasing their resistance to phytopathogens and stress. The search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and active metabolites of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains that promote plant growth is a promising direction. The effect of culture fluid of Bacillus ginsengihumi and Pantoea brenneri on the average length of the plant stem was studied. When processing wheat seeds of P. brenner AS3, the length of the first leaf increased by 50%, and B. ginsengihumi M2.11 by 25%.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AGROCENOSIS OF SPRING BARLEY WITH PERENNIAL GRASSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Mariya Fesenko ◽  
Aleksandr Shpanev
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Ndvi Index ◽  
Plant Protection System

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and plant protection system on the vegetation index NDVI and its seasonal dynamics in agrocenoses of spring barley with overseeding of perennial grasses in the North-West of Russia. The data obtained indicate that against the background of the deficiency of the main elements of mineral nutrition in the second half of the growing season of spring barley, a significant phytomass of perennial grasses is formed in the crop, which account for 36.7%. This leads to a smaller decrease in the NDVI index (by 0.06) than in the fertilized variants (0.20). The value of NDVI index reflects not only the state of cultivated plants and weed infestation of crops, but also the level of development of crops, growing under vegetation. The influence of mineral nutrition developed during the period of maximum values of the index, which were recorded 6-8 weeks from the sowing date and 26-30 weeks from the beginning of the year. Under the influence of average doses of fertilizers, the NDVI index increased by 0.09...0.2 (on average 0.13), under the influence of high doses – by 0.13...0.26 (on average 0.18). The influence of plant protection system was expressed by a decrease in the phytomass of weeds (by 49.4...68.9%), at the same time the mass of spring barley and perennial grasses increased (by 1.7...18.5% and by 11.7...43.5% respectively). Carrying out the whole complex of protective measures led to a decrease in the NDVI index values by 0.01...0.06, depending on the phytosanitary situation in the agrocenosis. The most reliable forecast of the yield of spring barley can be implemented in the period from 5 to 7 weeks from the beginning of the emergence of barley shoots, especially against the background of the use of plant protection products that eliminate the influence of harmful organisms on the formation of the crop and the optical properties of crops

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil tillage on the productivity of new promising soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
K. H. Khatkov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Selection Of

The agrotechnical significance of leguminous crops, in particular soybeans, consists in its ability to provide a huge bulk of vegetable protein and less nitrogen depletion of soils than non-legume crops [2]. Despite the fact that nitrogen symbiotically fixed by soybean plants is alienated with the harvest and taken out of the field with organic residues of leguminous crops, more nitrogen remains in the soil after them than with residues of other crops. In this regard soybeans are good predecessors in various stages of crop rotation. The article discusses topical issues of increasing productivity of leguminous crops, in particular, soybeans, when using different doses of ammophos against the background of its placement in various ways of main tillage of drained leached chernozems. In 2018–2019 studies were carried out to establish the influence of the optimal dose of mineral nutrition and the best method of soil cultivation on the productivity and quality indicators of soybeans of the French selection of the Amphora, Mentor and Isidor varieties. According to the results of the research, different effectiveness of the considered variants of the experiment was established. Thus, higher rates of soybean yield were noted in the later-maturing Isidor variety within 2,03–2,30 t/ha for plowing, and 1,70–1,91 for soil disking. The most cost-effective dose of mineral nutrition for all studied soybean varieties was the dose of 50 kg/ha of Ammophos (N6H26) against the background of plowing, where the profit from the increase in yield relative to the control was in the range of 2900–3650 rubles/ha, and against the background of disking soil the dose of Ammophos was 100 kg/ha (N12H52), where the profit was in the range of 1300–2050 rubles/ha.

scholarly journals Application of micronutrients and insurance herbicides in corn growing technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
O.Y. Lokot ◽  
E.P. Tymoshenko ◽  
M.M. Selendy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Key Words Maize

Studies have found that growing maize for grain on light low-humus soils of the left-Bank Polesie of Ukraine wih the use of microelements on the increased background of mineral nutrition provided the best indicators of economic efficiency. It is recommended to sow early- maturing (80 %) and mid-maturing- (20 %) hybrids with FAO 150-250 on the background of mineral fertilizers N120P60K60, applying herbicide MaizeTer power in the 3-5-leaf phase of a crop and fulfil out-off-root spraying crops with complex preparations “Rosaliq Aquatic” or ” Germ corn “. Key words: maize, insured herbicides, micro-fertilizers, early-maturing, mid-maturing, hybrids.

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

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