Analisis perbandingan bahan dan jumlah perekat terhadap briket tempurung kelapa dan ampas tebu

The aim of this research was to study the effect of comparative analysis of ingredients and the amount of adhesive on the coconut shell charcoal briquettes and bagasse charcoal. This research used Split Plot Design that consisted of two factors. The first factor is the total ratio of coconut shell charcoal and bagasse charcoal and coconut shell charcoal and bagasse charcoal 1: 1 (L1), 1: 2 (L2) and 1: 3 (L3), while the second factor was the amount of sago adhesive as plots section, consisting of: 10% (P1), 20% (P2) and 30% (P3). The parameters analyzed include: heating value, moisture content, ash and volatile matter. The results showed that the amount of adhesive greatly affected the briquette charcoal produced, the addition of the amount of adhesive would reduce the briquette's heating value, as well as the water content, ash content and evaporation rate increased with the addition of the amount of adhesive. Comparison of coconut shell charcoal and bagasse charcoal can influence to cause higher levels of volatile matter because the level of sugarcane charcoal volatile matter is higher than coconut shell charcoal which has lower volatile matter levels. Judging from the heating value in this study, the best results in this study were in the treatment of P1L1, namely the ratio of coconut shell charcoal and bagasse 1:1 with the amount of sago adhesive 10% with a heating value 5687.45%.

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PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN MASSA ECENG GONDOK DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA SERTA KADAR PEREKAT TAPIOKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v5i1.1520 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Iriany ◽

Meliza ◽

Firman Abednego S. Sibarani ◽

Irvan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Burning Rate ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Heating Value ◽

Volatile Matter Content

The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of briquettes including ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, heating value, density, burning rate, tensile strength and to know the proper ratio of water hyacinth and coconut shell mixture under tapioca gluten variation. The ratios of water hyacinth and coconut shell in this research were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variation of tapioca gluten 5%, 10%, and 15% of the raw materials. From this research, the ideal composition of briquette is obtain in a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell at a ratio of 1:4 with tapioca gluten 10%, ash content 9.718%, moisture content 1.374%, volatile matter content 14.814%, heating value 6,879.596 cal/g, density 0.983 g/cm3, burning rate 3.021 × 10-3 g/second and tensile strength 18.400 g/cm2.

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Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v4i2.9118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽

Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽

Listiana Satiawati ◽

Thariq Madani ◽

Teuku Ananda Rizky

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

A Value ◽

Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable, namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of 37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of 20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste, namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

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BIOMASS POWER CRITICAL TOOL IN FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE

International Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.46654/ij.24889849.e61230 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 40-51

Author(s):

DS Senchi ◽

AA Lawal ◽

B Ibrahim ◽

ID Kofa

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Ash Content ◽

Maximum Utility ◽

Starch Paste ◽

Very High

This work carried out the comparative analysis of briquettes produced from commonly found agricultural wastes product (Maize husk and millet husk) in order to have the maximum utility of the materials. The briquettes are produced based on ratio of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50.While 100:0 (unblended) was used as control for each biomass. 25 % starch paste was used as binder to have a homogenous solution. The briquettes were produced using a simple extruder briquetting machine. The proximate analysis of the raw samples shows that the moisture content of the respective biomass has increased by two fold of the briquettes sample produced and the ash content is less while the briquettes have very high volatile matter which enhance combustion and give briquettes more quality as fuel. Higher ratios of blended briquettes of maize husk have a good flame propagation, high density, ignite faster and produced small amount of ash content after combustion. Hardness, compressive strength and combustibility test of the briquettes produced ascertained all these properties. In conclusion, maize husk briquettes give a better briquettes quality compared to millet husk briquettes.

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Willow Biomass as Energy Feedstock: The Effect of Habitat, Genotype and Harvest Rotation on Thermophysical Properties and Elemental Composition

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13164130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 4130

Author(s):

Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽

Michał Krzyżaniak ◽

Kazimierz Warmiński ◽

Dariusz Załuski ◽

Ewelina Olba-Zięty

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Thermophysical Properties ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Heating Value ◽

The North ◽

Lower Heating Value ◽

Conversion Technologies ◽

Lower Heating

Willow biomass is used as a bioenergy source in various conversion technologies. It is noteworthy that apart from the beneficial environmental impact of a willow plantation, the biomass quality is also very important as it has an impact on the effectiveness of its use and emissions produced in various bioenergy technologies. Therefore, this study analysed the thermophysical properties and elemental composition of 15 genotypes of willow biomass from two plantations situated in the north of Poland, harvested in two consecutive three-year rotations. The differences in the moisture content, ash content and the lower heating value were mainly determined by the genotype, i.e., by genetic factors. In contrast, the content of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and hydrogen was determined by the location (environmental factors), but also by the genotype, and by a combination of these factors. The following were the mean levels of the willow biomass characteristics, regardless of the location, genotype and harvest rotation: 48.9% moisture content, 1.26% d.m. ash content, 19.4% d.m. fixed carbon, 79.4% d.m. volatile matter, 19.53 MJ kg−1 d.m. higher heating value, 8.20 MJ kg−1 lower heating value, 52.90% d.m. carbon, 6.23% d.m. hydrogen, 0.032% d.m. sulphur, 0.42% d.m. nitrogen. The present research has shown that the selection of the willow genotype is important for the quality of biomass as energy feedstock. However, plantation location, as well as successive harvest rotations, can have a significant impact on the biomass elemental composition.

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Evaluation of the higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content of ground bamboo using near infrared spectroscopy

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0967033517728733 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 301-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jetsada Posom ◽

Panmanas Sirisomboon

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Model Development ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Bomb Calorimetry ◽

Heating Value

This research aimed to determine the higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content of ground bamboo using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to bomb calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Bamboo culms used in this study had circumferences ranging from 16 to 40 cm. Model development was performed using partial least squares regression. The higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content were predicted with coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.92, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.51; root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 122 J g−1, 1.15%, 1.00% and 0.77%; ratio of the standard deviation to standard error of validation (RPD) of 3.66, 2.55, 2.62 and 1.44; and bias of 14.4 J g−1, −0.43%, 0.03% and −0.11%, respectively. This report shows that near infrared spectroscopy is quite successful in predicting the higher heating value, and is usable with screening for the determination of fixed carbon and volatile matter. For ash content, the method is not recommended. The models should be able to predict the properties of bamboo samples which are suitable for achieving higher efficiency for the biomass conversion process.

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus costaricensis) dalam Pembuatan Teh Herbal dengan Penambahan Jahe

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v2i3.4014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Raudhatul Aiyuni ◽

Heru Prono Widayat ◽

Syarifah Rohaya

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Block Design ◽

Ash Content ◽

Herbal Tea ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Two Factors ◽

The Impact

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pengeringan kulit buah naga dan konsentrasi penambahan jahe terhadap teh herbal serta mengetahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah suhu pengeringan (T) yaitu T1 = 50⁰C, T2 = 60⁰C, T3 = 70⁰C. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi jahe (J) yaitu J1= 0%, J2= 10%, J3= 14%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai organoleptik warna teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe yang dihasilkan, dan berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa. Konsentrasi jahe (J) berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe, dan berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap kadar air, dan nilai organoleptik warna. Interaksi suhu pengeringan dengan konsentrasi jahe (T×J) berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap nilai organoleptik rasa teh herbal kulit buah naga dan jahe. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu perlakuan dengan suhu pengeringan 50OC (T1) dan penambahan konsentrasi jahe 14% (J3) memiliki kadar air 10,89%, kadar abu 5,85%, aktivitas antioksidan 59,05% dan total fenol 6,07 mg GAE/g bahan. Utilization Of Waste Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus Costaricensis) In The Production Of Herbal Tea With Additional Ginger Abstract. The purpose of this study was to know the impact of dried temperature and concentration additional of ginger and also to know the level of accept consumen for herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger. This study uses a randomized block design (RAK) Faktorial two factors. The first factor is dried temperature (T) that is T1 = 50⁰C, T2 = 60⁰C, T3 = 70⁰C. Factor II is consentration to add ginger (J) that is J1= 0%, J2= 10%, J3= 14%. The result of it showed that dried temperature obviously affected (P ≤ 0.01) on the moisture content, ash content, and sensory evaluation of color herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger, and obviously affected (P≤0,05) to the sensory evaluation of taste. While, the ginger consentration obviously affected (P ≤ 0.01) on the sensory evaluation of taste herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger, and obviously affected (P≤0,05) on the moisture content, and sensory evaluation of color. The interaction type of dried temperature with the ginger consentration obviously affected (P≤0,05) on the on the sensory evaluation of taste herbal tea dragon fruit peel and ginger. The best treatment is obtained from dried temperature 50°C (T1) and the addition of ginger concentration of 14% (J3) that product moisture content of 10,89%, ash content 5,85%, antioxidant activity 59,05% and total phenol 6.07 mg GAE / g of material.

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Analisis Proximate Briket Tempurung Kelapa dan Ampas Tebu

Jurnal Presipitasi Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/presipitasi.v16i2.91-96 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Vivin Setiani ◽

Adhi Setiawan ◽

Mey Rohma Dhani ◽

Risya Dwi Maulidya

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Quality Value ◽

Coconut Shells

Fossil fuels are a non-renewable energy source and their existence will be depleted. An alternative is needed that can reduce fossil fuels by using biomass. Biomass waste in the form of bagasse and coconut shell can be used as an alternative fuel in the form of biobriquette. This study aims to analyze the quality value of briquettes from the proximate test of the composition of bagasse and coconut shell produced with briquette quality standards that refer to SNI 01-6235-2000 about wood charcoal briquettes. The variables in this study consisted of five variables. The variables in this study were mass ratio coconut shells to bagasse were 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%; 30%, 60%: 40% and 50%: 50% respectively. The results of the test of water content, ash content, and volatile matter of the best quality briquettes of five variables were 90% coconut shell and 10% bagasse.

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CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOMASSAS PARA A BRIQUETAGEM

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v45i4.39700 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 713 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Diego Aleixo Silva ◽

Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽

João Lúcio Barros ◽

Alessandra Luzia Da Roz ◽

Fabio Minoru Yamaji

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Ash Content ◽

Heating Value ◽

Pine Sawdust ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

High Heating

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a produção de briquetes feita a partir de quatro diferentes biomassas residuais. Foram utilizados os resíduos de serragem de Eucalyptus sp, serragem de Pinus sp, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os resíduos foram tratados para que obtivessem 12% de umidade e uma granulometria inferior a 1,70 mm. Foram produzidos 15 briquetes para cada um dos quatro tratamentos. A pressão utilizada foi de 1250 kgf.cm-2 durante 30 segundos. Os briquetes obtiveram densidades que oscilaram 0,88 a 1,11 g.cm-3. Isto representou uma faixa de 5 a 14 vezes a menos de ocupação de volume para uma mesma quantidade de massa. O poder calorifico foi de 19.180 J.kg-1 e 20.315 J.kg-1 para as serragens de eucalipto e pinus respectivamente. Para o bagaço e palha de cana os valores foram de 18.541 J.kg-1 e 15.628 J.kg-1. A palha da cana-de-açúcar apresentou um teor de cinzas de 12%. As expansões dos tratamentos oscilaram 4 a 9% e as resistências mecânicas variaram de 1,215 MPa à 0,270 MPa. Todos os briquetes se mostraram resistentes para um empilhamento superior a 10 m de altura. O procedimento adotado pode ajudar a diminuir o espaço de estocagem e de transporte. AbstractThis research aims to characterize the production of briquettes from four different biomasses. We used residues such as Eucalyptus sp sawdust, Pinus sp sawdust , sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) and sugarcane straw. The residues were treated to obtain 12% moisture content and particle size less than 1.70 mm. We produced 15 briquettes for each treatment. The pressure used was 1250 kgf.cm-2 for 30 seconds. The briquettes obtained densities ranged from 0.88 to 1.11 g.cm-3. This represented a range of 5 to 14 times less volume occupancy for the same amount of mass. The high heating value (HHV) was 19,180 J.kg-1 and 20,315 J.kg-1 for eucalyptus and pine sawdust respectively. The HHV for the bagasse was 18,541 J.kg-1 and for straw was 15,628 J.kg-1. The straw presented an ash content of 12%. The expansions of the treatments ranged 4 to 9% and mechanical resistances ranging from 1,215 MPa to 0,270 MPa. All briquettes were resistant to a higher stacking to 10 m high. The methods can help to decrease the space of storage and transport.Keywords: Waste; biofuel; energy; compression; stacking.

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Characteristics of low-rank and medium-rank Indonesian coal using the TG-DSC method

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 882 (1) ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

Hariana ◽

A Prismantoko ◽

H P Putra ◽

A P Nuryadi ◽

Sugiarto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Power Plants ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Low Rank ◽

Low Rank Coal ◽

Heating Value ◽

Burning Coal ◽

Indonesian Coal ◽

Lower Temperature

Abstract Low-rank and medium-rank coal are dominant coal resources in Indonesia. Considering the decisive role of coal in coal-fired power plants, it is crucial to examine the combustion characteristics before burning coal in the boiler. This paper presents the effect of moisture content, heating value, and volatile matter on ignition temperature and burn out of five samples of low-rank coal and five samples of medium-rank coal using TG-DSC analysis which was carried out using LINSEIS High-Pressure STA at atmospheric pressure with an air rate of 25 ml/min and heating rate of 10 °C/min. The investigation results show that low-rank coal with the higher volatile matter has tremendous reactivity and is more flammable, and favours of burning through itself than medium-rank coal. Medium-rank coal has better combustion with short residence time because it has a lower burnout temperature (Tbo) value than low-rank coal. However, medium-rank coal burns more instantly because it has a lower temperature interval than low-rank coal. Medium-rank coal, which has fixed carbon and higher heating value, but lower moisture content, has a higher Rmax value than low-rank coal. In conjunction with these properties, it is crucial to examine the implementation in boilers.

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PENGARUH SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI PEREKAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PROSES PIROLISIS

Konversi ◽

10.20527/k.v4i2.266 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Yuli Ristianingsih ◽

Ayuning Ulfa ◽

Rachmi Syafitri K.S

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Heating Value ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Rate Of Combustion

Abstrak-Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit merupakan limbah padat hasil produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Setiap 1(satu) ton tandan buah segar dihasilkan 23% limbah padat. Limbah padat ini dapat di konversi menjadi bahan bakar pengganti minyak yaitu briket. Briket bioarang adalah bahan bakar padat yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar yang berasal dari fosil seperti minyak dan gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu pirolisis terhadap yield bioarang yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi perekat kanji (5% w/w, 10% w/w, 15% w/w) terhadap karakteristik briket hasil penelitian (kadar air, volatile matter, kadar abu, fixed carbon, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pirolisis yaitu proses pembakaran bahan baku dalam reaktor pirolisis dengan menggunakan suhu yang tinggi dan tanpa atau dengan sedikit oksigen. Pirolisis dilakukan selama 2,5 jam dengan variasi suhu yaitu 350°C, 400°C, 450°C dan 500°C. Arang yang dihasilkan dicampur dengan perekat sesuai variasi dan dicetak menjadi briket. Briket kemudian dianalisa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon, kadar zat terbang, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran. Briket dengan yield tertinggi terdapat pada suhu 350°C sebesar 51,53% dan yield terendah pada suhu 500°C sebesar 26,03%. Briket hasil penelitian ini telah memenuhi standar mutu briket sebagai bahan bakar dilihat dari nilai kalor. Komposisi optimal antara perekat kanji dan arang TKKS hasil pirolisis yaitu pada 5%:95% yang menghasilkan nilai kalor terbesar yaitu 6748,15kal/g. Kata kunci : Briket Bioarang, Pirolisis, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Abstract-Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches are solid waste from Crude Palm Oil (CPO industry). For 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches produced 23% of solid waste. This solid waste can be converted into alternative energy that called briquettes. Briquettes are solid fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel replacement for fossil fuels such as oil and gas. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the yield generated briquettes and the effect of stach adhesive concentration (5, 10 and 15% wt) to briquettes characteristics (moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value and the rate of combustion). In this reseacrh, two kilograms of palm oil empty fruit bunches was burned using pyrolisis reactor at different temperatur (350, 400, 450 and 5000C) for 2.5 hour. Charcoal produced was mixed with an adhesive in accordance variations and molded into briquettes. Briquettes then analyzed the water content, ash content, carbon content, volatile matter content, heating value and rate of combustion. The maximum yield of briquettes which was obtained in this research is 51.53% at temperature 3500C and the lowest yield at temperature of 500 ° C by 26.03%. Briquettes results of this study have met the quality standards of fuel briquettes as seen from the heating value. Optimal adhesive composition between starch and charcoal TKKS is 5%: 95% that generates highest calorific value about 6748.15kal/ g. Keywords: Briquette Bioarang, Pyrolysis, oil palm empty bunches

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